IMT Values Research Articles

Use Of Glutathione As An Additional Supplement For The Treatment Of Fatty Liver Disease : A Systematic Review

Introduction : The liver normally contains fat tissue, but if it exceeds 5% of the liver weight, this condition is called fatty liver disease. Fatty liver disease is divided into two major groups, namely : Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Fatty liver disease can potentially progress to liver cirrhosis, and this can be prevented by antioxidants, through their anti-inflammatory actions. Glutathione is a potent antioxidant, and naturally produced in our body, with the highest level in the liver, which is the main organ in the detoxification process. This study aimed to systematically review the importance of Glutathione as an adjunct supplement for the treatment of fatty liver disease, which is one of antioxidants, can help with fatty liver problems. Methods : This study applied a Systematic Review approach, that included published articles with Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). We searched these articles in two electronic databases, namely Google Scholar and PubMed. Based on the search, 1.141 cases of fatty liver were found and the author determined 2 (two) relevant literature/studies that focus on this research. Results : Based on 2 studies with a total of 208 patients and divided into 2 groups, namely the intervention group and the control group, it was found that the group that was intervened with glutathione supplementation for at least 3 months experienced a decrease in CAP, ALT, and IMT values. Especially if coupled with MHD/improved healthy lifestyle, the recovery process of fatty liver conditions can take place faster. Conclusions : Glutathione as an antioxidant and acts as a hepatoprotector, demonstrated the ability to potentially hold the progression of NAFLD, and improve liver function. The presence of MHD/improve healthy lifestyle synergized the efficacy of Glutathione against the progression of NAFLD.

Ultrasound assessment of endothelial dysfunction in Egyptian migraine patients

BackgroundIt becomes clearer that migraine is associated with vascular risks; however, preclinical vascular involvement is not sufficiently addressed. Evidences point that migraine attacks affect vascular endothelium. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial dysfunction in migraineurs through assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and their correlation with clinical characteristics of migraine, headache severity, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found between migraineurs and controls where carotid IMT was significantly higher and FMD of the brachial artery was significantly lower in migraineurs compared to controls. Carotid IMT was significantly higher and FMD was significantly lower in chronic migraine compared to episodic migraine patients. Mean IMT values were significantly higher in patients receiving ergots and in patients with subcortical white matter lesions in brain MRI. Mean FMD values were significantly lower in patients receiving ergots. There was a significant negative correlation between FMD and carotid IMT, age of the patients, disease duration, duration of headache attacks, headache frequency, and migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS) score. There were significant positive correlations between carotid IMT and age of patients, disease duration, headache frequency, MIDAS score, and number of MRI white matter lesions. For diagnosing endothelial dysfunction in migraineurs, the sensitivity and specificity of IMT were 72.5 and 70%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 0.575 mm and that of FMD were 82.5 and 90%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 20.55%.ConclusionMigraine coincides with endothelial dysfunction which promotes atherogenesis and increased risk of cerebral ischemia. FMD could be used as a potential biomarker for endothelial dysfunction in migraine. The affection of IMT and FMD is more in patients receiving ergots which may influence the selection of treatment in migraineurs in the future.

Common carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

AimTo evaluate the relationship between common carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with prediabetes and new-onset diabetes mellitus without proven cardiovascular disease and some classic cardio-metabolic risk factors. Patients and methodsThe study included 461 obese patients with an average age of 53.2 ± 10.7 years, divided into three groups - group 1 without carbohydrate disturbances (n = 182), group 2 with prediabetes (n = 193) and group 3 with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (n = 86). ResultsThe patients with new-onset diabetes had significantly higher mean CIMT values compared to those with prediabetes or without carbohydrate disturbances and a higher frequency of abnormal IMT values. CIMT correlated significantly with age, systolic BP, diastolic BP and fasting blood glucose and showed a high predictive value for the presence of diabetic neuropathy and sudomotor dysfunction. Patients with abnormal CIMT values had a higher incidence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, and sudomotor dysfunction. Patients who developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up had a significantly higher initial mean CIMT, which showed the highest predictive value for the risk of new-onset diabetes, with CIMT≥0.7 mm having 53 % sensitivity and 83 % specificity for the risk of progression to diabetes mellitus. ConclusionPatients with new-onset diabetes mellitus had significantly greater intima media thickness of the common carotid artery and a greater frequency of abnormal CIMT values compared to those with normoglycemia and prediabetes. CIMT has a high predictive value for the presence of diabetic neuropathy, sudomotor dysfunction and the risk of new onset diabetes.

The risk of cardiovascular comorbidity in children with Behçet's disease.

Patients with Behçet's disease (BD) may experience long-term morbidity caused by various forms of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the risk for cardiovascular comorbidity in paediatric BD patients with and without vascular involvement, independent of the contribution of traditional risk factors. Paediatric patients classified as having BD according to the 2015 Peadiatric BD (PEDBD) criteria were included in the study. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), transthoracic echocardiography, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurements were performed. Patients with an active disease or those who have other known risk factors for cardiovascular disease were not included in the study. Thirty-one children and adolescents with paediatric BD (16 female, 51.6%; F/M: 1.06) were enrolled in the study. Among the BD patients, 10 patients (34.4%) had abnormal ABPM. Carotid IMT values, mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure by ABPM and the prevalence of abnormal ABPM, non-dipping, and ambulatory hypertension were similar between patients with and without vascular involvement. The echocardiography measurements showed that BD patients with vascular involvement had a significantly higher velocity and velocity time integral of the left ventricle outflow tract, which may indicate increased stiffness of the aorta. Paediatric BD patients with vascular involvement may tend to have more cardiovascular risk factors. However, cardiovascular assessment should be considered in all BD patients, regardless of the involved systems. We suggest that ABPM may accurately define hypertension and cardiovascular risk in BD.

N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis Model in Rats

Purpose: Atherosclerosis (AS) related diseases are the most common causes of mortality worldwide. N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) and AS models require invasive methods for diagnosis.
 We aimed to establish noninvasive ultrasonography (USG) model for evaluating ED and AS in rats. 
 Matherial and Methods: 23 Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups. Right CCA (rCCA), left CCA (lCCA), abdominal aorta (AA), and right iliac artery (rIA) IMT values of all rats were measured at the beginning of the experiment and before sacrification by USG. Right kidney RI values were calculated at similar times also. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyzes were performed.
 In the sham group, rats received intraperitoneally (IP) sodium chloride. In the L-NAME groups, IP L-NAME was administered. 
 Results: In the early effect group, significant increase was found in IMT measurements compared to the sham group. 
 In the late effect group, significant increase was found in IMT measurements compared to the sham group. In addition, rRI increased significantly in the group at the end of the experiment. 
 Conclusion: In small animal experiments which ED and AS were studied, a whole-body diagnostic noninvasive model was created for the first time with ultrasonography.

473-P: Differences in Carotid Arteriosclerosis according to Waist Circumference and Thigh Circumference Appear Differently in Diabetic Patients and Prediabetic Patients

This study investigated the relationships of thigh and waist circumference with the glycemic variability and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes. This observational study included 3,453 Korean patients with T2DM and prediabetes, in whom anthropometric measurements and carotid ultrasonography were conducted. Carotid plaque was defined as focal structures encroaching the arterial lumen by ≥ 0.5 mm or 50% of the surrounding IMT value or a thickness ≥1.5 mm. In men with T2DM, it was found that the larger the thigh circumference, the lower the risk of carotid plaque after adjustment for potential confounding variables. In women with T2DM, a similar tendency was observed before adjustment, but no statistically significant relationship was seen after adjustment. In women with T2DM, the presence of carotid plaque was higher in the thickest waist group compared to the reference group, but there is no statistical significance after adjustment. However, no difference in carotid arteriosclerosis according to waist and thigh circumference was found in both men and women in prediabetic patients. It suggests that the risk of cardiovascular disease according to the difference in body type such as waist circumference and thigh thickness may appear differently depending on the glucose status. However, further longitudinal studies are warranted. Disclosure C.Kim: None. S.A.Jang: None. K.Kim: None. S.Park: None.

Increased arterial stiffness and accelerated atherosclerosis in Takayasu arteritis

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Arterial stiffness and accelerated atherosclerosis have been reported in TAK, however, morphological changes in the arterial wall have not been adequately addressed. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new, non-invasive, direct and quantitative method of ultrasonography (US) that evaluates elasticity of biological tissues. MethodsA total of 50 patients with TAK (44F/6 M; mean age: 39.8 ± 8.2 years), 43 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (38F/5 M; 38.0 ± 7.9 years) and 57 healthy controls (HCs) (50F/7M: 39.5 ± 7.1 years) were studied using carotid B mode US and SWE. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA IMT) and SWE were measured and the atherosclerotic plaques were recorded. Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were determined. Intra and inter observer reproducibility was assessed and found good agreement. ResultsThe mean IMT in the right and left carotid arteries was significantly higher only among patients with TAK when compared to SLE and HCs. Carotid artery plaques were significantly increased only in patients with TAK. On the other hand, the mean SWE value was significantly increased among both TAK and SLE patients when compared to HCs, whereas patients with TAK had the highest value. These were also true after adjustments were made for atherosclerotic risk factors and after all those with atherosclerotic plaques were excluded from the analysis. TAK itself, diastolic blood pressure levels and IMT were independently associated with SWE. ConclusionsMarkedly increased CCA IMT and SWE values appear to be uniquely associated with TAK, suggesting that they could be used as diagnostic tools. Arterial stiffness occurs independently from atherosclerosis and is associated with arterial thickening. Further studies should investigate whether CCA SWE values could predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Strong association with premature atherosclerosis could be also considered as a unique feature of TAK.

Glycated Albumin Value and Its Relation with The Improvement of Diabetic Ulcers: Pilot Study

Diabetic ulcer refers to a complication of chronic hyperglycaemia. When treating hyperglycaemia, it is necessary to well and immediately monitor the average level of glucose, i.e. glycated albumin (GA) value. This study investigated the correlation between GA values and the improvement of diabetic ulcers. A clinical, cross-sectional study. Thirty patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) were involved as the subjects of this study and they were selected by accidental sampling with the following criteria: (1) patients with Type 2 DM with DFU according to grade 2 and 3 PEDIS degrees; (2) aged 30-60 years; (3) diagnosis criteria for DM and DM type 2 in accordance to the American Diabetes Association 2012; (4) IMT value: 18.5-22.9. Data collection technique was by checking GA levels, while monitoring the improvement of diabetic ulcers was by using PEDIS degrees. Meanwhile, data analysis used Spearman’s rho. The results of this study showed that most of research subjects had the values of GA failure with PEDIS 2 degree, i.e. 8 (26.7%) and there was no normal GA value with the degree of PEDIS 1, 2 and 3. There was a significant correlation between GA values and PEDIS degree (p = 0.001, p < 0.05). The findings revealed a correlation of GA values and improvement in diabetes ulcers. GA control is needed for the improvement of diabetes ulcers under nursing care.
 Keywords: Glycated Albumin; diabetic ulcers; DFU; chronic hyperglycaemia

Association between carotid intima-media thickness and cognitive decline differs by race.

Common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and is associated with cognitive decline. Although carotid atherosclerosis is more frequent in White than in Black participants, little is known whether race modifies the association between cIMT and cognitive decline. In this longitudinal analysis of the ELSA-Brasil, we assessed cIMT using ultrasound and cognitive performance using different domain tests. We used linear mixed models, interaction analysis, and race stratified analyses. Baseline high IMT values were associated with memory (p<0.001), verbal fluency (p<0.001), TMT-B (p<0.001)), and global cognitive decline (p<0.001). Race was an effect modifier in the association between IMT and global cognitive decline (0.043), with stronger association in White (p<0.001) than in Black (p=0.009) participants. Baseline IMT was associated with global and domain-specific cognitive decline and race modified this relationship, with stronger associations in White participants. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was associated with cognitive decline. cIMT and cognitive decline association was stronger in White than in Black participants. We used inverse probability weighting to address attrition bias.

Mathematical model of aging in COVID-19.

The aim was examination of the intimamedia thickness of carotid arteries in COVID-19 infection. In 50 patients, the thickness of the intimomedial complex (IMT) in the common carotid arteries was measured. The values were compared with the control group in 2006-9. The condition of the lungs was assessed by ultrasound score (It score) (0-42) as mild (0-14) or mediumsevere (15-28) Covid. IMT thickening risk factors and the value of fibrinogen, IL-6 and CRP were recorded. Two IMT prediction models were formed. The socio-epidemiological model predicts the development of IMT based on epidemiological factors. Apart from these factors, the second model also includes the values of the mentioned biomarkers. It score 20±6, IMT values right: median 0.99 mm, p25=0.89, p75=1.14; left: 1±0.22 mm. Control: IMTright: median 0.7 mm, p25=0.68 mm; p75=0-9 mm; left: median=0.75 mm, p25=0.6 mm, p75=1.0 mm. The group/control difference is highly significant. Epide mio - logical model: logit (IMT)= 4.463+(2.021+value for GEN)+(0.055x AGE value)+(-3.419x RF value)+(-4.447x SM value)+(5.115x HTA value)+(3.56x DM value)+ (22.389x LIP value)+(24.206x CVD value)+(1.449x other value)+(-0.138x It score value)+(0.19xBMI value). Epidemiological-inflammatory model: logit (IMT)=5.204+ (2.545x GEN value)+(0.076x AGE value)+(-6.132x RF value)+(-7.583x SM value)+(8.744x HTA value)+(6.838x DM value)+(25.446x LIP value)+(28.825x CVD value)+ (2.487x other value)+(-0.218xIt score value)+(0.649x BMI value) +(-0.194x fibrinogen value)+(0.894x IL-6 value)+(0.659x CRP value). Values for both models Exp(B)=4.882; P of sample=0.83; logit=-0.19; OR= 23.84; model accuracy for the first model 87% and for the second 88%; Omnibus test of the first model c2=34.324; p=0.000; reliability coefficient -2LogLH=56.854; Omnibus test of the second model c2=39.774; p=0.000; and -2LogLH=51.403. The ageing of blood vessels in COVID-19 can be predicted.

Association between triglyceride glucose index and carotid intima-media thickness in obese and nonobese adults.

BackgroundThe triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is closely associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. However, the association remains inconclusive among obese and nonobese individuals.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in 5751 adults with normal carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) at baseline. We divided the population into four groups based on the TyG index, which was calculated by the following formula: Ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). Information on CIMT was acquired by ultrasonography. Incident elevated CIMT was defined as IMT values greater than 0.9 mm at follow‐up. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between TyG index and elevated CIMT were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 4.3 years, 722 (12.6%) individuals had progressed to elevated CIMT. Compared with the second quartile of the TyG index, the first and fourth quartile both conferred higher risks of elevated CIMT after adjusting for potential confounders. In the total population, the ORs for the first and fourth quartile were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.00‐1.66) and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.11‐1.83), respectively. Restricted cubic splines demonstrated an approximately U‐shaped association between TyG index and elevated CIMT among the total and nonobese adults (P for nonlinearity <.05), but not in those with general or abdominal obesity.ConclusionsA U‐shaped association was observed between TyG index and elevated CIMT only among nonobese Chinese adults.

ASSOCIATION OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS AND ATHEROMATOSIS OF CAROTID ARTERIES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the serum uric acid levels with the atheromatosis of the carotid arteries of hypertensive patients and the possible role of fibrinogen in this status. Design and method: We studied 1296 hypertensive patients (45,2% female), treated or newly diagnosed untreated, of mean age: 60,2 ± 5,3 years, without any known cardiovascular disease and with mean office systolic/diastolic arterial blood pressure (S/DBPo): 145,9 ± 12.6/89.7 ± 5,3 mmHg, mean office heart rate (HRo): 74,3 ± 9,9 bpm, average body mass index (BMI): 28.3 ± 5,3 kg/m2and average waist circumference (WC) 96.1 ± 12.9 cm. The levels of serum uric acid (SUA), fibrinogen, urea and creatinine, were recorded. eGFR was calculated according Cockcroft-Gault Equation. All studied patients underwent triplex –Doppler ultrasound of carotids and intima -media thickness was measured (IMT) and the presence or not of atheromatous plaque was investigated. The study population was separated in two groups, according the IMT value and the existence or not of atheromatous plaque. Group A: IMT &gt; 0.9 mm or/and existence of atheromatous plaque Group B: IMT &lt; 0.9 mm and without any atheromatous plaque (t-test between the two groups p &lt; = 0.001). By using the ANOVA statistic method we registered the SUA levels values in both groups as well as fibrinogen levels. Using Pearson correlation method we correlated SUA with fibrinogen serum levels Results: Table 1: Differences of serum uric acid levels between group A and group B Table 2. Correlation between serum uric acid levels with fibrinogen levels SUA: serum uric acid Conclusions: In hypertensive patients treated or not, the existence of increased thickness or atheromatous plaques in carotids was associated with significantly higher serum uric acid levels and fibrinogen levels, possibly indicating their importance in the atheromatous status of hypertensive patients while a significant positive correlation exists between SUA and fibrinogen levels in this population

Abstract 122: Untargeted Proteomics And Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Background: Increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and moderate-severe carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAA≥50%) are associated with increased risk of stroke. We evaluated proteomic determinants of increased cIMT and CAA≥50% in the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Methods: Eligible participants underwent carotid artery ultrasound and aptamer-based SOMAScan platform measurement of 1298 serum proteins from the concurrent study visit. cIMT was defined as the average of the standardized values of the maximal common carotid artery IMT and maximal internal carotid artery IMT. CAA≥50% was defined as carotid plaque resulting in ≥50% luminal stenosis. The relationship between each log-normalized protein concentration with cIMT and CAA≥50% was modeled separately using multivariable linear regression and logistic regression, respectively, adjusting for demographics, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and CAA risk factors. Bonferroni correction, based on the number of principal components that explained 95% of the protein concentration variance in CHS participants, was employed to account for multiple hypothesis testing, yielding a p -value for significance of &lt;7.6x10 -5 (0.05/661). Results: For eligible participants (n=2783), mean age was 74.4 ± 4.9 years, 39.5% were men, and 15.8% were Black. After adjustment for demographics, eGFR, and CAA risk factors, 13 proteins were independently associated with increased cIMT (Table). The magnitude and direction of the associations were similar in subgroups defined by sex and race. Three proteins were associated with CAA≥50%, after adjusting for eGFR and demographics (Table); however, associations were no longer significant after adjusting for CAA risk factors. Conclusion: Multiple novel serum proteins - implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling, systemic inflammation, and coagulation - were independently associated with increased cIMT in a cohort of older adults.

Use of intima media thickness in the assessment of the development of preclinical atherosclerosis

Abstract Background/Introduction In the carotid arteries, an IMT &amp;gt;0.9 mm measured by Duplex sonography is considered abnormal and can be considered an independent predictor of preclinical atherosclerosis. IMT &amp;gt;1.5 mm can already be called an atherosclerotic plaque. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the age characteristics of the intima media thickness in the carotid arteries Methods The analysis was performed on the basis of retrospective observations of 483 patients who underwent ultrasound dopplerography during 2010–2017. The mean age of the studied patients was 53.28±14.06 (min 9, max 86 years), the standard mean error was ± 0.64. Among those examined, 165 (34.16%) were men and 318 (65.84%) were women. Measurements for IMT were performed on both the right and left: common, external, and internal carotid arteries. IMT is defined in the following ranges: &amp;lt;0.9 mm – normal thickness; 0.9–1.0 mm – intermediate thickness; &amp;gt;1.0 mm – increased thickness; ≥1.5 mm – atherosclerotic plaque. Results The comparison was made in 3 age groups: &amp;lt;40; 40–65; &amp;gt;65 years. 3 IMT values were taken: &amp;lt;0.9; 0.9–1.0; &amp;gt;1.0 mm. Indicators are calculated in both absolute numbers and percentages. The accuracy of the obtained results was checked by chi square statistics (p&amp;lt;0.05). There were 477 patients in the age group we studied. We lost 6 pts in this study. It was 90 pts at the age &amp;lt;40 years, 293 pts at the age 40–65 years, 94 pts at the age &amp;gt;65 years. It was 249 pts with IMT &amp;lt;0.9 mm, 107 pts with IMT 0.9 - 1.0 mm, 121 pts with IMT &amp;gt;1.0 mm. According to our results, it was IMT &amp;lt;0.9 mm in 87.78% (79 pts) cases at the age &amp;lt;40 years, 52.22% (153 pts) at the age 40–65 years, 18.09% (17 pts) at the age &amp;gt;65 years. IMT was found between 0.9 and 1.0 mm in 5.56% (5 pts) cases at the age &amp;lt;40 years, 47.71% (73 pts) at the age 40–65 years, 30.85% (29 pts) at the age &amp;gt;65 years. It was IMT &amp;gt;1.0 mm in 6.67% (6 pts) cases at the age &amp;lt;40 years, 22.87% (67 pts) at the age 40–65 years, 51.06% (48 pts) at the age &amp;gt;65 years. Conclusion(s) The prevalence of the IMT &amp;gt;1.0 mm more at the age &amp;gt;65 years (51.06%), IMT 0.9–1.0 mm more at the age 40–65 years (47.71%), IMT &amp;lt;0.9 mm more at the age &amp;lt;40 years (87.78%). Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

HUBUNGAN KUALITAS TIDUR DENGAN 5 INDIKATOR SINDROMA METABOLIK PADA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN

ABSTRACTHigh death rate caused by non-transmitted diseases in the world is begun with metabolic syndrome in human beings such the increase in IMT (Body Mass Index) to be obesity, the increase in blood pressure to be hypertension, the increase in blood glucose to be diabetes mellitus, and abnormality of triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. Many factors which trigger the indicator abnormality, and of them is bad sleep quality. The research used cross sectional design by analyzing the correlation between sleep quality and 5 metabolic syndrome indicator in female nurses in the operation room of Adam Malik Medan hospital. Sleep quality was measured by using questionnaire of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), body height and weight were measured to get IMT value, blood pressure was measured by using tensimeter, blood glucose and blood lipid were measured by getting the respondent’s vena blood samples. The data were processed and analysis with independent t-test.The result with independent t-test showed that there was significant difference in IMT (sig=0,003), systolic blood pressure (sig=0,028), and fasting blood glucose content (sig=0,00). However, there was no significant difference in trigliyceride content (sig=0,519), HDL cholesterol content (sig=0,300),). The conclusion was that sleep quality was correlated with three metabolic syndrome indicators: IMT, blood pressure, and blood glucose content, but there was no correlation with trigliyceride and HDL cholesterol.Keywords: Sleep Quality, Metabolic Syndrome , T-Test,

Relationship between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with carotid plaque in Chinese individuals with abnormal carotid artery intima-media thickness

AimTo investigate the relationship of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) to carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) and carotid plaque (CAP) in Chinese general population, and to evaluate whether sdLDL-C could be an independent risk factor for individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis.MethodsA total of 729 subjects were randomly collected from consecutive individuals from April 2019 to April 2020 for an annual health checkup. CA-IMT > 1.0 mm was defined as abnormal IMT. Plaque stability was measured by ultrasound examination based on the property of the echo. And sdLDL-C levels were detected by LipoPrint system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with CA-IMT and carotid plaque.ResultsThe abnormal IMT group had significantly higher sdLDL-C levels than control group (p < 0.0001). And sdLDL-C levels were significantly positively correlated with IMT value (r = 0.1396, p = 0.0021) and presence of carotid plaque (r = 0.14, p = 0.002) in the subjects with abnormal IMT. In addition, subjects with higher levels of sdLDL-C (r = 0.11, p = 0.035) tended to have unstable CAP. After adjustment for age, gender and blood glucose, sdLDL-C level was an independent risk factor of the presence of CAP (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02–1.83, p = 0.034) in subjects with abnormal IMT.ConclusionSdLDL-C is an independent risk factor of the occurrence of CAP in the Chinese subjects with abnormal IMT. Our findings provide supporting evidence that sdLDL-C might be an alternative way to predict CVD in early stage.

ANALYSIS OF NUTRITION SOCCER ACADEMY (MMA) PLAYERS IN MATARAM

The background of this research is nutrition is one of the factors that support a good level of achievement, but many sports players do not realize the importance of nutrition in sports activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the nutritional status of the players of Mataram Soccer Academy (MSA) by first knowing the IMT (Body mass index) The research method used was quantitative descriptive. The sample of this study was 60 Mataram Soccer Academy (MSA) players with purposive sampling technique. Variables in this study are the Body Mass Index of the Mataram Soccer Academy (MSA) players. Instrument weight tests using digital scales, height using microtoa, both of these tools are used to get weight data and height of each player or anthropometric data so that the nutritional status of each player can be known. Data Analysis Techniques are performed by The results of the average study for nutritional status based on the IMT value of Mataram Soccer Academy (MSA) players showed that included in the obesity category amounted to 1 person with a percentage of 1.67%, in the fat category numbered 5 people with a percentage of 8.33%, in the category normal, the thin category is 3 people with a percentage of 5%, and the very thin category is 1 person with a percentage of 1.67%. So the conclusion is that most Mataram Soccer Academy (MSA) players are in the normal category with a percentage of 83.33%. The conclusions of this study are 1) the nutritional status of Mataram Soccer Academy (MSA) players based on normal BMI. The recommendations for this research are to provide an understanding of coaches, coaches, parents and players to always pay attention to sports nutrition and make nutritional status as a reference to position players and pay attention the level of nutrition and energy related to the player's condition.

Association between high normal-range thyrotropin concentration and carotid intima-media thickness in euthyroid premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

ObjectiveThere are currently no established cutoff levels for thyrotropin (TSH) within the reference intervals associated with carotid atherosclerosis to prevent the onset of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to determine the TSH cutoff level associated with carotid maximum intima-media thickness (max IMT) in euthyroid premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Study designWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 468 euthyroid women who had not been treated for or diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and/or metabolic disorders among 1221 Japanese women who participated in a comprehensive medical examination at the Hidaka Hospital, Japan. Participants' weight, blood pressure, plasma glucose, serum lipoprotein, free thyroxine and TSH were measured and an interview about menstruation was conducted. Carotid ultrasonography was performed to determine max IMT. ResultsMax IMT significantly increased stepwise as menopausal status progressed (p < 0.001). Serum TSH levels were significantly higher in participants with carotid plaques, defined as max IMT ≥1.1 mm (p = 0.038), and were independently associated with the presence of carotid plaque using multivariate logistic regression analysis (β =1.218, p = 0.036). In postmenopausal women, significantly higher carotid max IMT values were observed in women with serum TSH ≥2.5 μIU/mL compared with women with concentrations <2.5 μIU/mL (p = 0.018) without elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. These differences were not observed in premenopausal women. ConclusionsLaboratory finding of serum TSH concentration ≥2.5 μIU/mL may be useful to assess risk of atherosclerosis, especially in postmenopausal women.

PHARMACEUTICAL PROVISION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR SUPPORTING WORKING CAPACITY OF MILITARY AND SECURITY SERVICES

Aim. The paper aims to explore the effect of Trekrezan on working capacity, psychosomatic status, and hemodynamic parameters of military and security personnel, as well as the possibility to increase its psychological tolerance to stress. Materials and methods. 52 men participated in the study with the average age of 35.4 ± 6.6 years. The participants had been taking Trekrezan in tablets at a dose of 600 mg/day for 3 months. Duplex scanning of carotid and vertebral arteries was carried out according to the method of R. Barnes. Assessment of psychological and somatic status was carried out by the Hamilton test. Physical activity was tested by standard exercises (volunteer military service). Results. Trekrezan intake demonstrated a positive effect on anxiety and emotional stability and provided a significant increase in the maximum and average blood flow rates into common and internal carotid arteries. In 37.5% of 94.7% of men with thickening of the intima/media complex (IMT), IMT values demonstrated normalization after 3 months of taking the pills. Conclusion. Trekrezan significantly improves regional blood flow in the carotid artery system, has a positive effect on the psychosomatic status and improves life quality. Trekresan intake (600 mg / day per 3 months) increases working capacity of military and security personnel and can be recommended as a supplement that improves tolerance to physical activity.

Association between carotid intima media thickness and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in acute ischaemic stroke

BackgroundIntima-media thickness (IMT) and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) have been reported to be related to atherosclerosis and stroke. This study is trying to explore the association between IMT and sdLDL-C in Chinese acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) subjects.MethodsThis study enrolled total 368 consecutive AIS patients and 165 non-AIS controls from November 2016 to February 2019. Mean IMT and carotid plaques were measured by using carotid ultrasonography method. Blood glucose and lipid parameters were measured by using an automatic biochemical instrument. SdLDL-C was detected by using the Lipoprint LDL system. IMT > 1.0 mm was defined as increased IMT. Plaque stability based on the nature of the echo was determined by ultrasound examination. Risk factors for IMT were identified by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A logistic regression model was established to predict AIS risk. Python software (Version 3.6) was used for the statistical analysis of all data.ResultsThe carotid IMT, proportion of plaques, and the sdLDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and glucose levels were obviously higher in AIS patients than those in controls. SdLDL-C level in the IMT thickening group was higher than that in the normal IMT group. SdLDL-C and total cholesterol (TC) were risk factors for IMT, while sdLDL-C was an independent risk factor. The IMT value of the unstable plaque group was markedly higher than that of the stable plaque group. The predictive value of IMT for AIS was better than that of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) but not as good as that of sdLDL-C. A logistic regression model was established to predict AIS risk. Additionally, carotid IMT and sdLDL-C were closely related to AIS severity and outcomes.ConclusionsSdLDL-C and TC were risk factors for increased IMT, while sdLDL-C was an independent risk factor. A prediction model based on IMT and other variables was established to screen the population with high AIS risk.