Impulsive Tendencies Research Articles

Comportamiento de compra en el comercio móvil: la importancia de los rasgos de personalidad

Las ventajas que el comercio móvil proporciona han atraído la atención de empresas y consumidores. A pesar de sus potenciales beneficios, la investigación sobre los factores que influyen en su frecuencia de uso y compra es todavía escasa. Este estudio contribuye a alcanzar un mayor conocimiento y comprensión sobre los factores que influyen en la frecuencia de compra en el comercio móvil al vincular el Modelo de Aceptación de Tecnología (TAM) con la literatura de los rasgos de personalidad. Esta investigación emplea una muestra de 200 individuos que poseen dispositivos móviles con acceso a Internet. La técnica utilizada para contrastar las hipótesis es el análisis path. Los resultados muestran el efecto indirecto de la necesidad de recursos materiales y de la orientación a la tarea sobre la frecuencia de compra en el comercio móvil. Además, los resultados reflejan el importante papel mediador que tiene la tendencia a la compra impulsiva en el nivel de frecuencia de compra.

Dinamika Psikologis Pelaku Kejahatan Pembunuhan Berencana di Lapas Klas 1 Surabaya

Murder, whether planned or not, is not a serious crime. The high number of murder cases that continues to increase is of particular concern to every country, including Indonesia. Many factors influence individuals to commit crimes such as murder. This research was conducted to determine the psychological factors that influence the murder committed by murder convicts. The research was conducted using a qualitative design, using a case study phenomenology approach. The results and findings show that high aggression, impulsive tendencies, not having a good role model, and low emotional regulation skills are the main factors in the subject of committing murder. The intervention was carried out in the form of psychoeducation to the subject. The intervention was successful enough to find out about the factors that influence a crime and its causes and to help subjects understand how to regulate emotions properly.

The Use of a Serious Game to Assess Inhibition Mechanisms in Children

The design and implementation of a serious game (SG) concerning inhibition skills in children are presented. The SG consists of a set of activities, each eliciting the tendency to respond in an immediate and inappropriate (wrong) way. The SG is based on the Dual Pathway Model of ADHD proposed by Sonuga-Barke and on the Unity/Diversity model of executive functions proposed by Miyake. In the SG children must block impulsive tendencies, reflect upon the situation, inhibit irrelevant thoughts and find the non-immediate solution. A study was carried out by testing the SG on typically developing primary school children (30 children, 16 boys; age: M = 9.30 yrs., SD = 0.87) to verify that it measures the same variables addressed by tests usually employed to assess attention ability in children and to diagnose ADHD. Three standardized tasks belonging to the Italian Battery for ADHD were administered, as well as an ad hoc questionnaire devised to check the acceptability, usability and comprehensibility of the SG. Positive correlations between impulsiveness as measured by standard tests and impulsiveness scores in the SG emerged. These findings support the notion that skills associated with the control of impulsivity are involved in the SG. Furthermore, self-report ratings in the questionnaire showed that the SG is easy to be understood, is engaging and elicits positive reactions in children.

Experimental study of internal flow structures in cylindrical rotating detonation engines

The internal flow structures of detonation wave were experimentally analyzed in an optically accessible hollow rotating detonation combustor with multiple chamber lengths. The cylindrical RDC has a glass chamber wall, 20 mm in diameter, which allowed us to capture the combustion self-luminescence. A chamber 70 mm in length was first tested using C2H4O2 and H2–O2 as propellants. Images with a strong self-luminescence region near the bottom were obtained, confirming the small extent of the region where most of the heat release occurs as found in our previous research. Based on the visualization experiments, we tested RDCs with shorter chamber walls of 40 and 20 mm. The detonation wave was also observed in the shorter chambers, and its velocity was not affected by the difference in chamber length. Thrust performance was also maintained compared to the longer chamber, and the short cylindrical RDC had the same specific impulse tendency as the cylindrical (hollow) or annular 70-mm chamber RDC. Finally, we calculated the pressure distributions of various chamber lengths, and found they were also consistent with the measured pressure at the bottom and exit. We concluded that the short-chamber cylindrical RDC with equal length and diameter maintained thrust performance similar to the longer annular RDC, further expanding the potential of compact RDCs.

Religiosity and Impulsive Buying Tendencies: A model and Empirical Application

Impulsive buying is a dream segment for retailers and marketers. Stimulants in retail environment evoke a sudden urge for the acquisition of products spontaneously. This desire for immediate possession and instant gratification may get an effect from the religious orientation and various beliefs of an individual. This study seeks to examine the influence of religiosity on impulsive buying behavior through various beliefs. Based on the theoretical assumption underpinning Values-Attitudes-Behavior (VAB) hierarchy and theory of consistency, this study examines religiosity as an antecedent of materialism, risk aversion, life satisfaction which ultimalty drive impulsive buying tendencies. A self-administrated survey questionnaire was used to collect the data by using mall-intercept approach. The sample size consisted of 272 consumers of apparel products. Structural equation modeling technique was carried out to establish the reliability, validity of measures and to examine the relational paths. In general, results are in support of propositions that the religiosity precedes various types of beliefs that turn into impulsive buying tendencies. Inner individual spiritual meanings and exterior social meaning of religious values condemn materialistic beliefs and enhance the risk aversion and life satisfaction of customers. Furthermore, customers with higher-level materialistic beliefs are more inclined towards impulsive tendencies, while the less risk-takers and satisfied with their life have lower impulsive tendencies. It requires incorporating the aspect of religious beliefs with behavioral outcomes. The findings of the study have significant implications for retailers of developing countries.

Symptom continuum reported by affective disorder patients through a structure-validated questionnaire

BackgroundAffective disorders, such as major depressive (MDD), bipolar I (BD I) and II (BD II) disorders, are overlapped at a continuum, but their exact loci are not clear. The self-reports from patients with affective disorders might help to clarify this issue.MethodsWe invited 738 healthy volunteers, 207 individuals with BD I, 265 BD II, and 192 MDD to answer a 79 item-MATRIX about on-going affective states.ResultsIn study 1, all 1402 participants were divided random-evenly and gender-balanced into two subsamples; one subsample was used for exploratory factor analysis, and another for confirmatory factor analysis. A structure-validated inventory with six domains of Overactivation, Psychomotor Acceleration, Distraction/ Impulsivity, Hopelessness, Retardation, and Suicide Tendency, was developed. In study 2, among the four groups, MDD scored the highest on Retardation, Hopelessness and Suicide Tendency, whereas BD I on Distraction/ Impulsivity and Overactivation.ConclusionOur patients confirmed the affective continuum from Suicide Tendency to Overactivation, and described the different loci of MDD, BD I and BD II on this continuum.

Does self-esteem matter? A framework depicting role of self-esteem between dispositional mindfulness and impulsive buying

There is a continuum from ordinary to excessive impulsive buying tendencies (IBT), and low self-esteem appears to be one of the major underlying motivators of this behavior that needs to be explored and controlled. Based on the results of two independent studies, the present study makes a novel attempt to demonstrate the possible relation between mindfulness, self-esteem, IBT and impulse buying behavior. The present work emphasize on the beneficial effects of mindfulness in enhancing self-esteem, which can curb impulsive tendencies and behavior. The effect of mindfulness on self-esteem and IBT is corroborated with two studies (n = 344/n = 328). The results from study 1 revealed that dispositional mindfulness (measured with Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale–Revised scale) is related to IBT through self-esteem. The study 2 using serial mediation demonstrates that dispositional mindfulness (measured using Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale) relates to impulsive buying behavior through self-esteem and IBT. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of self-esteem in the relationship between mindfulness and impulse buying. This research offers a framework that can enable individuals to control their sudden urge to make impulsive purchases, using the positive effects of mindfulness and enhanced self-esteem.

Antonyms: A Computer Game to Improve Inhibitory Control of Impulsivity in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

The design of a computer-supported serious game concerning inhibition skills in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is reported. The game consists of a series of activities, each eliciting the tendency to respond in an immediate, inadequate way. The game is based on the Dual Pathway Model of ADHD proposed by Sonuga-Barke. In the game, children must block impulsive tendencies, reflect upon the situation, inhibit irrelevant thoughts, and find the non-intuitive solution. In the game, the player personifies a superhero, who is asked to save a realm on the opposite side of the Earth (Antonyms) where things happen according to the opposite of the usual rules. The hero faces a series of challenges, in the form of mini-games, to free the planet from enemies crossing different scenarios. To succeed in the game, the player should change his/her attitude by thinking before performing any action rather than acting on impulse. The player is induced to be reflective and thoughtful as well. Results from the evaluation of a preliminary version of the serious game are reported. They support the notion that Antonyms is an adequate tool to lead children to inhibit their tendency to behave impulsively.

Dimensions of Impulsivity in Gambling Disorder

Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct. Although gambling disorder (GD) has been associated with high impulsivity, impulsivity across multiple domains has not been thoroughly investigated in this population. We first aimed to examine whether associations between three facets of impulsivity (response impulsivity, choice impulsivity and impulsive tendency) varied between GD patients and healthy controls (HC). We next aimed to evaluate relationships between these three types of impulsivity, as proposed by theoretical models of impulsivity, and their associations with GD severity. The sample included 97 treatment-seeking adult men with GD, diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, and 32 male HCs recruited from the general population. Greater impulsivity in all three domains was found in men with GD in comparison to men without GD. Associations between impulsivity facets were found in both groups, with response impulsivity being the only domain associated with GD severity. Our findings confirm that multiple domains of impulsivity are relevant in GD. Future studies should examine the extent to which treatments aimed at targeting specific aspects of impulsivity improve outcomes.

Unplanned purchase decision making under simultaneous financial and time pressure

ABSTRACTThis research examines responses to marketing tactics when consumers consider personal finances, time availability, and the two combined. When considering extenuating circumstances, consumer purchase intention is often influenced by levels of impulsiveness. Therefore, three experiments examined how financial pressure, time pressure, and consumer impulsive tendencies jointly influence consumer decision making regarding an unplanned purchase. Unlike previous research, results show impulsive and nonimpulsive consumers act similarly under time pressure in that purchase intention is enhanced for both; but purchase intention is suppressed for all consumers under financial pressure. When experiencing both simultaneously, financial pressure dictates decision making. The research extends current knowledge regarding consumer decision making and external forces.

A new inbred strain of Fawn-Hooded rats demonstrates mania-like behavioural and monoaminergic abnormalities

The Fawn-Hooded (FH) rat carries a gene mutation that results in a dysfunctional serotoninergic system. However, previous studies have reported differing features between the FH/Wjd and FH/Har strains. We aimed to compare the behavioural and neurobiological features of FH/HamSlc rats with those of Fischer 344 rats. We performed the open field, elevated minus-maze, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, and forced swim tests to investigate behavioural alterations. We also assessed neurobiological characteristics by quantifying monoamines and their related compounds in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum using high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detection system. FH/HamSlc rats showed hyperactivity and a high impulsivity tendency in the open field and the elevated minus maze test, but no cognitive dysfunction. In addition, the hyperactivity was suppressed immediately after the forced swim test. FH/HamSlc rats showed low dopamine levels, but high dopamine turnover in the striatum. Serotonin and noradrenaline levels were low in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus of FH/HamSlc rats, but high serotonin turnover was observed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. FH/HamSlc rats show (1) mania-like behavioural characteristics that are different from those of other strains of FH rats; (2) stimulus dependent suppression of hyperactivity similar to the clinical findings that exercise alleviates the symptoms of bipolar disorder; and (3) monoaminergic dysregulation such as monoamine imbalance and hyperturnover that may be associated with mania-related behavioural characteristics. Thus, the FH/HamSlc rat is a new animal model for mania including bipolar disorder.

Father Involvement in Education Predicates the Mental Health Status of Chinese Primary School Students

Previous studies have shown that quality and the quantity of father involvement in education play an important rolein children’s development. The influence of father involvement in education on Chinese children's mental healthstatus still needs further study. To understand the present situation of father involvement in education and its impacton children's mental health, this study will concentrate on the impact of father involvement on the mental healthstatus of primary school students, This study surveyed 1669 primary school students in Yancheng, China. It waspointed out that 45.1% of fathers were not active in children's education, and 25.8% of fathers have not beensufficient time to accompany their children. Children's sex and grade were not associated with father involvement ineducation, which was linked to their father's occupation and education level. Father involvement dramaticallyaffected primary school students' sensitive tendency and impulsive tendency. Father involvement can make childrenmore optimistic and less focus on trifles and suspicious. More father involvement in education leads to better mentalhealth status. These results suggest the importance of increasing father involvement in education in promoting mentalhealth status in primary school students.

Self-presentation via electronic word of mouth – a reflective or impulsive activity?

Purpose Previous research suggests that self-presentation causes people to have a reflective tendency to produce electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Drawing on the theory of the reflective-impulsive model (RIM), this paper aims to examine whether self-presentation also could motivate an impulsive tendency to produce eWOM. Self-monitoring is suggested as a possible moderator in the relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM production. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected based on an online survey of members from a consumer panel. The effective sample size was 574 respondents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. Findings The findings show that self-presentation may drive both impulsive and reflective eWOM tendencies; however, that the relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM tendency is contingent on high levels of self-monitoring. Originality/value By including self-monitoring as a moderator, this study is the first to show a relationship between self-presentation and impulsive eWOM production. Moreover, the findings show that both impulsive and reflective eWOM tendencies are associated with an enhanced tendency to produce eWOM, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of the RIM theory in understanding eWOM behavior. Overall, the findings shed light on how companies may stimulate eWOM production, and consequently provide insight into creating more effective eWOM campaigns.

A-08 Aggressive Presentation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A SPECT Study

Abstract Objective Explore the effects of aggression in adults diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Method Participants were extracted from an archival de-identified SPECT database (n = 889,Mage = 36.73, 60.4% male, 71.6% Caucasian). Two groups were formed based on self-reported aggressive symptoms: low (below 25th percentile; n = 396) and high aggression (above 75th percentile; n = 435). Results Age was used as a covariate. One-way ANCOVA’s were conducted controlling for age (alpha = .01). Significant differences were found between groups in the left (F[1,829] = 5.755, ) and right (F[1,829] = 6.114) limbic regions, left basal ganglia (F[1,829] = 4.006, p = .046), left occipital (F[1,829] = 3.951,p = .047), and right parietal regions (F[1,829] = 4.341,p = .038). Discussion: Results revealed that individuals with ADHD and high aggression failed to have significantly different levels of rCBF in areas of the brain responsible for emotion regulation compared to those with low aggression. This study is the first to explore differences in rCBF in a sample of individuals with ADHD. It was hypothesized that higher activation in the limbic and basal ganglia areas was the process of experiencing highly emotional/distressing feelings and the process of acting upon these emotional experiences. However, SPECT failed to present as a reliable resource for identifying individuals with ADHD that have aggressive and impulsive tendencies in this study. Thus, it is suggested that clinicians use caution when using SPECT as a resource in identifying populations likely to engage in aggressive and highly dangerous acts (i.e., suicide/homicide). Further research is needed in using SPECT to identify ADHD populations which may be likely to engaged in aggressive and highly dangerous acts.

Facets of impulsivity and related aspects differentiate among recreational and unregulated use of Internet pornography.

Background and aimsUnregulated Internet pornography (IP) use is discussed as a clinically significant disorder. Because of its primarily rewarding nature, IP is a predestinated target for addictive behaviors. However, not every user develops an unregulated usage pattern. In fact, most users tend to use IP recreationally. Impulsivity-related constructs have been identified as promoters of addictive behaviors. It is unclear whether these impulsivity-related constructs are specific for unregulated IP use or also play a role in recreational but frequent behaviors. In this study, we investigated impulsive tendencies (trait impulsivity, delay discounting, and cognitive style), craving toward IP, attitude regarding IP, and coping styles in individuals with recreational–occasional, recreational–frequent, and unregulated IP use.MethodsA total of 1,498 heterosexual males participated in an online survey. Groups of individuals with recreational–occasional use (n = 333), recreational–frequent use (n = 394), and unregulated use (n = 225) of IP were identified by screening instruments.ResultsCraving and attitude regarding IP as well as delay discounting and cognitive and coping styles differed between groups. Individuals with unregulated use showed the highest scores for craving, attentional impulsivity, delay discounting, and dysfunctional coping, and lowest scores for functional coping and need for cognition. Recreational–frequent users had the most positive attitude toward IP. Motor and non-planning impulsivity did not differ between groups.Discussion and conclusionsThe results indicate that some facets of impulsivity and related factors such as craving and a more negative attitude are specific for unregulated IP users. The results are also consistent with models on specific Internet use disorders and addictive behaviors.

Hedonik ve Faydacı Tüketim Davranışları Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determine the hedonic and utilitarian consumption behavior of consumers. The scope validity of the scale was realized by scanning the literature, analysing qualitative data and referring expert opinions. The construct validity of the scale was determined by exploratory (AFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis applied to two separate data sets. As a result of AFA for hedonic consumption behavior; a five-factor structure as Hedonic Impact, Hedonic Adaptation, Impulsive Tendency, Passivity Status and Identity Reflection. A two-factor structure is described as Target Oriented and Control Oriented for utilitarian consumption behavior. The reliability of the structures confirmed by CFA was determined by Cronbach alpha’s internal consistency coefficients and item total correlations. The relationships between the factors were demonstrated through Pearson's coefficient. As a result of the findings obtained from this study, a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in determining hedonic and utilitarian behaviors of consumers has been introduced.

Influence of Personality Traits and Social Conformity on Impulsive Buying Tendency

Employing eight personality traits as suggested by Mowen, this study attempts to decipher the relationships these traits have with social conformity and impulsive buying tendency and between social conformity and impulsive buying tendency within one integrated framework. With data collected from 386 respondents, the article examines the relationship of personality traits using a 3M Model with social conformity and impulsive tendency of shoppers, and also determines the association between normative social influence and instantaneous urge to buy. The findings reveal that personality traits - conscientiousness, materialism and body needs have positive association with social conformity, whereas openness to experience is negatively associated with social conformity. With respect to impulsive buying tendency, neuroticism, materialism and arousal have positive relationships. The results also reflect positive affect of social conformity on impulsive buying tendency. These finding, along with research implications have enhanced the existing literature.

Characteristics of impulsiveness and aggressiveness in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration and its relationship with brain structure

Objective To investigate the impulsivity and aggressiveness characteristics of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration(HLD) and its relationship with brain structure. Methods The Chinese version of the Barratt impulsiveness scale, 11 version(BIS-11-C) and Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire(BPAQ) were assessed in 78 patients with hepatolenticular degeneration(HLD group) and 86 normal adults(health control group). HLD patients were examined by 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The differences in impulsivity and aggressiveness of the two groups were compared, and the relationship was analyzed between impulsivity, aggressiveness and different brain structures in patients with HLD. Results The total impulsive score, unplanned factor score, the total aggressive score and anger factor score of patients with cerebral HLD(61.74±9.82, 26.08±5.06, 82.71±15.92, 20.06±5.74, respectively) were higher than those in patients with hepatic HLD (56.73±7.11, 23.02±4.20, 72.84±11.15, 16.64±5.01, respectively), and health control group(52.19±7.53, 21.50±3.93, 64.64±9.83, 14.27±4.38, respectively), and the differences were significant (F=3.193, 4.646, 11.830, 8.270, all P<0.05). Total impulsive score was positively correlated with aggressive score and physical aggression in HLD group(r=0.299, 0.290, both P<0.05). Unplanned score was positively correlated with aggressive total score (r=0.324) and physical aggression (r=0.320) in HLD group (P<0.05). Frontal lobe injury was the influencing factor of total impulsive score(B=10.263, 95%CI=0.467-19.946, P=0.008), attention score(B=2.837, 95%CI=0.382-5.600, P=0.010) and unplanned factor score(B=3.977, 95%CI=0.848-8.502, P=0.046). Thalamus injury was the influencing factor of aggressive total score and its factor score.Caudate nucleus injury was the influencing factor of aggressive total score (B=10.030, 95% CI=3.351-18.039, P=0.017) and physical aggression score (B=4.432, 95% CI=1.193-7.729, P=0.016). Conclusion Patients with HLD have higher impulsive and aggressive tendencies, which are mainly manifested in unplanned impulsive and anger tendencies.Brain injury may be an important factor affecting impulsiveness and aggression in patients with HLD.Impulsiveness is related with frontal lobe injury and aggression to thalamus and caudate nucleus injury.Impulsiveness and aggressiveness in patients with HLD are not caused by damage to isolated brain areas, but are related to damage to multiple brain areas. Key words: Hepatolenticular degeneration; Wilson's disease; Impulsivity; Aggressiveness; Brain structure damage

Meta-analysis of the mental health status of left-behind children in China.

The aims of this study were to systematically evaluate and comparatively analyse the mental health status of left-behind children (LBC) in China and to provide a scientific basis for mental intervention and healthy education for LBC. Six electronic databases were searched for studies (published from 1 January 2010 to 5 March 2018) of the mental health of LBC using the Mental Health Test scale. We only selected original articles that either reported the incidence of serious mental health status or the means and standard deviations of each factor score of the scale. The pooled rates and weighted mean difference were calculated. The results indicated that the incidence of serious mental health status of LBC is nearly 2.7 times higher than that of non-LBC. The scores for most of the factors analysed by the Mental Health Test of LBC were higher than those of non-LBC. In addition, the mental health status of left-behind girls is worse than that of left-behind boys. Except for impulsive tendency, there was no significant difference in the mental health status of LBC in primary and junior high schools. In terms of the different types of guardianship, the mental health status of LBC under a grandparent's guardianship and parental peer' guardianship is more serious than that of LBC under a single-parent guardianship. The mental health status of LBC is poor, particularly for left-behind girls. The primary mental problems faced by LBC are learning anxiety, social anxiety and physical symptoms. It is necessary to develop more targeted measures to prevent and manage LBC.

A Survey of Adolescent Mental Health from the Perspective of Sinology

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mental health status of adolescents. In this paper, the MHT test paper was used to evaluate the mental health status of 226 students in different places. MHT refers to the mental health test for primary and middle school students. Results: 1) 34 students had serious psychological tendency, which was mainly manifested in learning anxiety, anxiety about people, self-accusation tendency and impulse tendency; 2) There are gender differences in mental health problems among school students, with more girls than boys. There are also regional differences, with more students in Guangdong than in other regions. There are also differences in learning stages, and there are more senior high school students than junior middle school students. Conclusion: 1) Students in school have different degrees of mental health problems. 2) These mental health problems are different due to three different factors.