Impulsive Effects Research Articles

Taking it to the Next Level: Multilevel Modeling and the Effect of School-Level Differences in Moral Neutralization on Individual-Level Delinquency Growth in Early Adolescence

Based on previous research and a theoretical model which states moral neutralization is learned through interaction with others, it was hypothesized that moral neutralization would promote an accelerated rate of delinquent growth during the middle school years, while a related concept, cognitive impulsivity, would not. Using multilevel modeling with 3,166 youth (1,538 boys, 1,628 girls) from the Gang Reduction Education and Training (GREAT) study, the effects of school level moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity on delinquent growth were evaluated over a period of 18 to 21 months. Multilevel modeling produced results consistent with the conclusion that only moral neutralization moderated the temporal rise in delinquency once age, sex, race, treatment condition, and individual-level measures of moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity were controlled.

Trajectory controllability of Clarke subdifferential type Hilfer fractional stochastic differential inclusion with non-instantaneous impulsive effects and deviated argument

This manuscript is devoted to analyse the solvability and trajectory controllability of Hilfer fractional non-instantaneous impulsive stochastic differential inclusion with Clarke subdifferential and deviated argument. The proposed Hilfer fractional impulsive inclusion system’s solvability in Hilbert space is established by employing fractional calculus, multivalued analysis, stochastic analysis, semigroup theory and a multivalued fixed point theorem. Furthermore, under some suitable assumptions, the considered system’s trajectory controllability is established using a generalized Gronwall’s inequality. At last, an example is provided to verify the developed theoretical results.

The Sleepiness-Depression Link in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Preliminary Results on the Mediation of Impulsivity.

Emotional impulsivity has been found to be relevant in explaining the association between sleep problems and depressive symptoms, suggesting the potential role of impulsivity as a key underlying mechanism of this link. The objective of this study was to take a preliminary step in understanding the mediating role of impulsivity in the relation between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to compare psychological and demographic characteristics between different levels of daytime sleepiness. A total of 138 patients with OSAS underwent polygraphic cardiorespiratory monitoring and completed a series of questionnaires investigating perceived sleepiness, depression, impulsivity, and other psychological characteristics. A mediational model was tested in order to assess whether impulsivity mediated the relation between sleepiness and depressive symptoms while controlling for the effects of age, sex, BMI, and oxygen saturation parameters. the mediation model showed that there was a significant indirect effect of impulsivity in the sleepiness-depression link (αβ = 0.084 [0.0243-0.1617]). The here-presented results showed that the sleepiness-depression link is not direct as previous studies asserted, but instead it may be better explained by impulsivity. Research and practical implications are discussed.

B - 67 The Temporal Influence of Emotion Regulation on the Association between Impulsivity and Internalizing Psychopathology: a Latent Path Model.

Impulsivity has been found to predict the use of emotion regulation strategies as well as internalizing psychopathology. The present study aims to determine whether the timing of regulatory strategies used by those higher in impulsivity differentially impacts symptoms of internalizing psychopathology. A community sample (N&#3f783) recruited from Amazon MTurk completed an online survey. Latent factors were created for impulsivity, antecedent-focused and response-focused regulation, and internalizing psychopathology. A parallel latent path model was tested using robust maximum likelihood estimation in MPlus in which impulsivity was associated with internalizing psychopathology through antecedent and response-focused regulation. All adjusted measurement model fit indices were within standard cut-off limits (RMSEA = 0.000-0.069, CFI = 0.981-1.000, SRMR = 0.005-0.016). Impulsivity, β= 0.90, p < 0.001, and response-focused, β= 0.40, p < 0.001, but not antecedent-focused regulation, β= 0.03, p = 0.484, predicted internalizing psychopathology. Impulsivity was related to both antecedent-focused, β= 0.70, p < 0.001, and response-focused regulation, β= 0.84, p < 0.001. There was a specific indirect effect of impulsivity on internalizing psychopathology through response-focused, β= 0.34, p < 0.001, but not antecedent-focused regulation, β= 0.02, p = 0.483. The direct effect of impulsivity, β= 0.54, p < 0.001, remained after accounting for the total indirect effects, β= 0.36, p < 0.001. These findings indicate that the association between impulsivity and internalizing psychopathology can be partially explained by emotion regulation. Impulsivity related positively to both types of emotion regulation, suggesting that those high in impulsivity have the capacity for both types of strategies. Only response-focused strategies were associated with internalizing symptoms; thus, it may then be beneficial to prompt those with high impulsivity to use more antecedent-focused rather than response-focused regulatory strategies.

B - 69 Risky Sexual Behavior in Young Adult Men: Decision Making, Impulsivity, and the Theory of Planned Behavior.

To examine a biopsychosocial model (decision-making, trait impulsivity, social cognition) of risky sexual behavior (RSB) in men. Using cross-sectional and non-clinical data, 145 (66% White) single men (Mage = 22.0 y, SD = 1.7) were recruited from a research platform and subject pool. Outcomes were RSB (continuous), condom use (binary), and number of partners (count) in 6months. We assessed the effects of decision-making (Balloon Analogue Risk Task), trait impulsivity (UPPS-P), and social cognition (Theory of Planned Behavior-Condom Use Questionnaire) on RSB. We present reduced models with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, sexual orientation, and pre-exposure prophylaxis use. Trait impulsivity was associated with RSB in all three regression models. Positive Urgency (B = 9.16 [5.18, 13.14]) and Perseverance were associated (B = -8.61 [-12.93, -4.30]) with overall RSB. Premeditation (OR = 4.50 [1.63, 12.39] and Perseverance (OR = 0.25 [0.10, 0.61]) were associated with condomless intercourse. Finally, Positive Urgency (IRR = 2.11 [1.50, 2.96]) and Perseverance (IRR = 0.29 [0.19, 0.46]) were associated with partner count. Decision-making and social cognition were non-significant. This study underscores the importance of trait impulsivity in risky sex-beyond demographics, decision-making, and social cognition. Men with poorer consideration of consequences and those who take risks during positive mood engaged in greater RSB. In contrast, individuals with a propensity toward boredom might not delay gratification long enough when pursuing a partner to engage in RSB. Therefore, trait impulsivity is a critical area for future research to develop screening and intervention to promote sexual health.

Event-Triggered Impulsive Quasisynchronization of Coupled Dynamical Networks With Proportional Delay.

The quasisynchronization of nonidentically coupled dynamical networks (NCDNs) with proportional delay is achieved by the event-triggered mechanism (ETM). Heterogeneity and proportional delay greatly increase the difficulty on synchronization of NCDNs. As an unbounded delay in the coupling term, proportional delay is dealt with by the comparison principle, constructing parameter equations, and contradiction method. Moreover, different impulsive effects based on ETM are taken into account to reduce the burden of communication, and the quasisynchronization criteria for NCDNs are derived by the impulsive comparison principle and extended variable parameter formula. The synchronization errors and the exponential convergence rates under different impulsive effects are obtained. It is proven that the proposed ETM can avoid Zeno behavior. Finally, examples show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Exponential stability of impulsive conformable fractional-order nonlinear differential system with time-varying delay and its applications

This paper investigates the exponential stability of conformable fractional-order nonlinear differential systems with time-varying delay and impulses. The authors utilize the principle of comparison and the Lyapunov function method to establish sufficient conditions that guarantee the exponential stability of a specific class of conformable fractional-order nonlinear differential systems. These findings extend the existing results on systems with integer-order to a certain extent. Furthermore, the paper considers the effect of impulses in the delayed system, which was not addressed in previous literature The authors also apply the criterion for exponential stability to conformable fractional-order neural networks. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Approximate Controllability for a Class of Semi-Linear Fractional Integro-Differential Impulsive Evolution Equations of Order 1 &lt; α &lt; 2 with Delay

This article is mainly concerned with the approximate controllability for some semi-linear fractional integro-differential impulsive evolution equations of order 1&lt;α&lt;2 with delay in Banach spaces. Firstly, we study the existence of the PC-mild solution for our objective system via some characteristic solution operators related to the Mainardi’s Wright function. Secondly, by using the spatial decomposition techniques and the range condition of control operator B, some new results of approximate controllability for the fractional delay system with impulsive effects are obtained. The results cover and extend some relevant outcomes in many related papers. The main tools utilized in this paper are the theory of cosine families, fixed-point strategy, and the Grönwall-Bellman inequality. At last, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our research results.

Practical exponential stability of impulsive stochastic functional differential systems with distributed-delay dependent impulses

This paper develops new practical stability criteria for impulsive stochastic functional differential systems with distributed-delay dependent impulses by using the Lyapunov–Razumikhin approach and some inequality techniques. In the given systems, the state variables on the impulses are concerned with a history time period, which is very appropriate for modelling some practical problems. Moreover, different from the existing practical stabilization results for the systems with unstable continuous stochastic dynamics and stabilizing impulsive effects, we take the systems with stable continuous stochastic dynamics and destabilizing impulsive effects into account. It shows that under the impulsive perturbations, the practical exponential stability of the stochastic functional differential systems can remain unchanged when the destabilizing distributed-delay dependent impulses satisfy some conditions on the frequency and amplitude of the impulses. In other words, it reveals that how to control the impulsive perturbations such that the corresponding stochastic functional differential systems still maintain practically exponentially stable. Finally, an example with its numerical simulation is offered to demonstrate the efficiency of the theoretical findings.

Novel adaptive synchronization in finite-time and fixed-time for impulsive complex networks with semi-Markovian switching

This paper intensively studied the finite-time (FNT) and fixed-time (FXT) synchronization issues for complex networks (CNs) with semi-Markovian switching and impulsive effect. The impulses are assumed to be independent of the semi-Markovian switching. Firstly, a unified FNT and FXT stability criterion of impulsive dynamical system with time-varying delays is extended by comparison principle. Secondly, two novel hybrid control schemes, which are composed of adaptive gain and switching state-feedback are proposed. Thirdly, by employing Kronecker product, Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and inequality technique, FNT and FXT synchronization criteria for impulsive CNs with semi-Markovian switching are presented in a set of low-dimensional linear matrix inequalities, and the settling times are computed respectively. Finally, simulations are given to verify the proposed adaptive FNT and FXT synchronization criteria.

Stochastic finite-time stability and stabilization for stochastic nonlinear systems with impulse effects

In this paper, some unified stochastic finite-time stability (SFTS) criteria are derived for the impulsive stochastic nonlinear systems by using the stochastic analysis theory, stopping time technology, Lyapunov approach and limit average dwell time (LADT) technology when the impulse effect is destabilizing impulse or stabilizing impulse. Meanwhile, in order to achieve stochastic finite-time stabilization for stochastic nonlinear systems, the impulse control approach is also obtained, which can be divided into two cases: (1) A stochastic finite-time instable (SFTI) stochastic system can become SFTS under the impulse control strategy; (2) A SFTS stochastic system can keep the SFTS under the impulsive disturbance. Furthermore, by using the impulse dependent average dwell time (IDADT) technology, the results are also established for the multiple impulse effects, i.e. destabilizing impulse and stabilizing impulse exist in the system simultaneously. Finally, two useful examples are provided.

Global exponential stability for delayed Clifford-valued coupled neural networks with impulsive effects

In the paper, the global exponential stability for impulsive delayed Clifford-valued coupled neural networks is studied. Firstly, a delayed Clifford-valued coupled neural network model is established. So as to avoid the non-commutativity issue of Clifford numbers multiplication, the original n-dimensional Clifford-valued models are decomposed into 2mn-dimensional real-valued models. Then, by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K) functional approach and the technique about linear matrix inequality, some new sufficient conditions are presented for the global exponential stability of the considered neural network models. Finally, the effectiveness of the results are verified by two numerical simulations.

Development and Validation of the Metacognitions about Sex Scale: Exploring its Role as a Mediator between Negative Affect, Emotion Dysregulation Strategies, and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder

Metacognitions about sex are theorized to shape cognitive appraisal, coping mechanisms, and regulation or dysregulation before, during, and/or after exposure to sexual stimuli. In our study, we examined the construct structure and validity of the Metacognitions about Sex Scale (MSS) among a sample of adolescents. We estimated the convergent validity of the MSS by factors: negative affect, dysregulated thoughts, and impulsivity, and compulsive sexual behavior (CSB). We also ran a structural equation model in which we examined the possibility that metacognitions about sex would mediate the association between negative affect, dysregulated thoughts, and impulsivity on the one hand, and CSB on the other. The study population included 662 adolescents (252 boys and 410 girls, M = 16.70, SD = 1.32) between 13–18 years of age. The analyses indicated that the factorial structure of the MSS comprised the two expected factors. We also found that positive and negative metacognitions about sex significantly mediated the effect of negative affect, dysregulated thoughts, and impulsivity on CSB. The findings provide evidence that MSS among Israeli adolescents are psychometrically appropriate for use by researchers and practitioners in the prevention and treatment of CSB.

Efficient numerical simulation of fractional-order Van der Pol impulsive system

This paper presents an innovative and efficient method for solving the fractional-order Van der Pol impulsive system. In particular, the proposed scheme utilizes finite difference techniques for approximating fractional integrals, and its efficacy is compared to existing integration methods presented in the literature. Moreover, the proposed approach is applied to fractional impulsive systems, specifically the Fractional Van der Pol system with impulse behavior. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the impulsive treatment effects for the system under consideration. In general, this study offers an insightful contribution to the field of fractional calculus, while providing a practical and efficient solution for solving impulsive systems.

Stochastic Synchronization of Semi-Markovian Switching Cyber-Physical Impulsive Complex Networks via Dynamic Event-Triggered SMC

In this paper, a novel dynamic event-triggered sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is developed to investigate the stochastic synchronization of semi-Markovian switching cyber-physical complex network (SSCCN) with impulsive effects. First of all, the mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) and the transition probability (TP) are introduced to express the semi-Markovian switching signal, which makes the proposed model more applicable than other systems where only the average dwell time (ADT) switching is provided. Moreover, to prevent system uncertainty and unnecessary data transmission, a new dynamic event-triggered mechanism is incorporated into the design of SMC. In most of the existing event-triggered SMC strategies, the continuity of sliding mode surfaces for SSCCN is lost due to intermittent impulsive effects and stochastic switching in the system. Considering this problem, a piecewise mode-independent integral sliding function is put forward that takes into account the dynamic properties of the impulses through the proposed dynamic event-triggered mechanism. It can not only obtain the continuous trajectories of the impulsive networked system, but also significantly reduce the number of event triggers. Some rigorous analytical techniques have been developed to obtain the sufficient conditions required to ensure both the mean square synchronization (MSS) and almost sure synchronization (ASS) of SSCCN. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.

Moderating effects of impulsivity and morning cortisol on the genotype-phenotype relationship of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young adults.

Dysregulation of the morning cortisol response in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to underlie several of the alterations present in their lives. Thus, the interaction of this mechanism with genetic and behavioural characteristics could explain a large proportion of the aetiology of ADHD in this population. For these reasons, the present study explores the associations of 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified as significant (after correction for multiple comparisons) in the aetiology of ADHD with an assessment of morning cortisol and impulsivity traits in a group of 120 adults aged 18-24years. Participants were recruited through private centres of neuropsychology and psychiatry, as well as through events in local universities. Morning cortisol within 30min of awakening and motor impulsivity traits were shown to moderate the effect of SNP rs10129500 on the severity of the symptoms of ADHD measured by the Adult Self-Report Scale. This variant associated with cortisol-binding globulin would explain the low concentrations of this hormone found in young adults with high symptoms of ADHD, which is accentuated when there are high levels of impulsivity. The proposed model allows for transferring the theoretical relationships between the dimensions that explain the aetiology of ADHD to an applied exploratory model with good performance.

Impulsive Load Destructive Effects Reduction in Launch Vehicles Using Structural Joint

Impulsive Load Destructive Effects Reduction in Launch Vehicles Using Structural Joint

The Relationship between Trait Impulsivity and Everyday Executive Functions among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Mediating Effect of Negative Emotions.

In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has dramatically increased, imposing a heavy financial burden on society and individuals. The most cost-effective way to control diabetes is diabetes self-management, which depends on patients' executive functions (EFs). However, the level of EFs among patients with T2DM varies greatly. In addition to diabetes-related factors contributing to a decline in EFs, trait impulsivity as a relatively stable personality trait may explicate individual differences in EFs. The objective of this study was to verify the mediating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between trait impulsivity and EFs among patients with T2DM in China. A total of 305 patients with T2DM were enrolled consecutively from the endocrinology departments of three tertiary hospitals in China using convenience sampling. The participants completed the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Brief (BIS-Brief), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales with 21 items (DASS-21), and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult (BRIEF-A) version. A structural equation modeling was used to verify the mediating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between trait impulsivity and EFs. A total of 32.46% of the participants experienced at least one aspect of daily EF decline. The mediating effect of trait impulsivity on the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) of EFs through negative emotions was significant, accounting for 29.57% of the total effect. The mediating effect of trait impulsivity on the Metacognitive Index (MI) of EFs through negative emotions was significant, accounting for 31.67% of the total effect. Trait impulsivity can positively predict EF decline, which can be alleviated by improving the negative emotions of patients with T2DM. Future research exploring interventions to improve the EFs of patients with T2DM should therefore consider their trait impulsivity and negative emotions.

An evaluation model of bearing capacity for CFRP connection structure with lightning thermal damage

Connection structure of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is fragile to lightning and its damage form is complex. Its bearing capacity is affected, which should be evaluated to ensure safety after lightning strike. Thus, a model of bearing capacity prediction (BCP) is proposed for CFRP connection structure. Its lightning damage is evaluated from thermal perspective combining joule heat and dynamics failure, which is caused by lightning ablation and the Blow-Off Impulse (BOI) effect, respectively. Electrical thermal coupling and high explosive models are utilized for calculation. Subsequently, lightning thermal damage is inherited by full restart method. The computing efficiency and convergence is improved caused by structural local distortion. Tensile bearing capacity of structure is assessed by employing the strain-based 3D Hashin criterion. A tensile experiment is carried out to verify BCP model. The results show that lightning thermal damage is the worst around current injection region. Tensile-shear and extrusion-shear failures concentrate at CFRP fastener holes under tensile load. Tensile failure load of structure is further reduced by 8.03% due to the BOI effect. The bearing capacity of CFRP connection structure can be accurately predicted by BCP model after lightning strike and deviation is 9.8% from experiment.

Scrutinization of finite time stability of fractional impulsive neutral model with disturbance

Finite time stability practically examines the trajectories of a system which converge to equilibrium state in a short period of time. This notion requires predefined bounds on system parameters and bounded time interval. Considering the idea that many practical system often operates over time interval being finite rather than infinite, we explore the finite time stability concept of damped fractional system with neutral conditions and impulsive effects. The desired bounds for the stability of the system is derived by implementing Gronwall’s inequality conditions. Further, the finite time stability conditions of the proposed fractional linear model is extended to nonlinearity term with disturbance. Finally, numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the derived results.