Dimensions Of Impulsivity Research Articles

Associations among externalizing psychopathology, personality, and behavioral traits: Models of an externalizing spectrum in youth.

Consistent evidence has documented the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of externalizing psychopathology with personality and behavioral traits, suggesting the presence of a broad, underlying liability to externalizing. In one of the first studies of its kind, we use a large, representative sample of youth (N = 2,245 twins and their siblings) to evaluate the evidence of an externalizing spectrum model, which includes psychopathology, personality, and behavioral traits and spans normal and pathological variation. We examine evidence for the inclusion of 15 candidate traits, from the domains of general and pathological personality, temperament, and aggression, in a model that includes dimensions of common childhood externalizing psychopathology. Using a combination of structural equation modeling and item response theory analyses, we found strong to moderate evidence for including the narcissism and impulsivity dimensions of psychopathic traits; reactive, proactive, and relational aggression; and agreeableness and conscientiousness from the five-factor model of personality. These traits were reliable indicators of the externalizing spectrum, as evidenced by their shared variance with externalizing symptoms, strong factor loadings, and high information. In addition, these traits indexed the externalizing spectrum at higher and lower levels of the latent trait relative to the symptoms alone, highlighting the value of including them. Many of our findings replicate and extend work conducted in adult samples, suggesting developmental continuity of externalizing. Broadly speaking, these findings have important implications for the conceptualization, measurement, and treatment of externalizing in youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Incremental Validity of ADHD Dimensions in the Predictions of Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, and Peer Problems in Adolescents Based on Parent, Teacher, and Self-Ratings.

Background: The present study investigated the incremental validity of the ADHD dimensions of inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HY), and impulsivity (IM) in the predictions of emotion symptoms (ESs), conduct problems (CPs), and peer problems (PPs) in adolescents based on parent, teacher, and self- ratings. Method: A total of 214 ratings were collected from adolescents, their parents, and teachers in Australia. A structural equation modeling approach was employed to evaluated incremental validity. Results: The findings revealed that, controlling for gender, IM contributed moderate, low, and low levels of variance in predicting ESs based on parent, teacher, and self-ratings, respectively. Additionally, IM contributed moderate, substantial, and moderate levels of variance to CP predictions based on parent, teacher, and self-ratings, respectively. Furthermore, after controlling for gender, IM, and HY, parent-rated IA contributed a low level of variance to the prediction of ESs, while teacher and self-rated IA did not contribute significantly to the prediction of ESs, CPs, or PPs. Conclusions: The findings underscore the differential predictive validity of ADHD dimensions across informants and outcomes, highlighting impulsivity's stronger association with conduct problems and emotional symptoms. These results have theoretical and practical implications for understanding ADHD-related risks in adolescence and tailoring interventions accordingly.

Differences in impulsivity between adolescents with ADHD and those with comorbidity of ADHD and IGD

BackgroundNumerous studies have demonstrated that patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high impulsivity. However, few studies have been published on the differences in impulsivity between patients presenting with comorbidity of ADHD and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and ADHD alone. AimThe present study designed an experiment to address this significant question, to explore the differences in impulsivity between individuals with ADHD and those with comorbid ADHD and IGD, specifically focusing on various dimensions of impulsivity. MethodsA total of 81 adolescents with ADHD alone and 59 patients with comorbidity of ADHD and IGD were included in this study, and all of them were assessed using the Stop-signal Task (SST), Delay Discount Task (DDT), and Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). ResultsPatients with comorbid ADHD and IGD had higher impulsivity than those with only ADHD, and it was expressed in different dimensions. Additionally, response inhibition, delayed discount rate, risky decision-making behavior, inattention, and hyperactivity were identified as risk factors for comorbid ADHD and IGD. ConclusionThese findings can help distinguish whether ADHD is comorbid with IGD in clinical settings. They will also be helpful in the implementation of more precise treatments.

Variable Presence of an Evolutionarily New Brain Structure is Related to Trait Impulsivity

BackgroundImpulsivity is a multidimensional construct reflecting poor constraint over one’s behaviors. Clinical psychology research identifies separable impulsivity dimensions that are each unique transdiagnostic indicators for psychopathology. Yet, despite this apparent clinical importance, the shared and unique neuroanatomical correlates of these factors remain largely unknown. Concomitantly, neuroimaging research identifies variably present human brain structures implicated in cognition and disorder: the folds (sulci) of the cerebral cortex located in the latest developing and most evolutionarily expanded hominoid-specific association cortices. MethodsWe tethered these two fields to test whether variability in one such structure in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)—the paracingulate sulcus (PCGS)—was related to individual differences in trait impulsivity. 120 adult participants with internalizing or externalizing psychopathology completed a magnetic resonance imaging scan and the Three-Factor Impulsivity Index. Using precision imaging techniques, we manually identified the PCGS, when present, and acquired quantitative folding metrics (PCGS length and ACC local gyrification index). ResultsNeuroanatomical-behavioral analyses revealed that participants with leftward or symmetrical PCGS patterns had greater severity of Lack of Follow Through (LFT)—which captures inattention and lack of perseverance—than those with rightward asymmetry. Neuroanatomical-functional analyses identified that the PCGS co-localized with a focal locus found in a neuroimaging meta-analysis on a feature underlying LFT. Both quantitative folding metrics did not relate to any impulsivity dimension. ConclusionsThis study advances understanding of the neuroanatomical correlates of impulsivity and establishes the notion that the topographical organization of distinct, hominoid-specific cortical expanses underlie separable impulsivity dimensions with robust, transdiagnostic implications for psychopathology.

Negative Urgency and Lack of Perseverance Predict Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among Young Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective Impulsivity has been recognized as an important factor in suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). However, previous research linking impulsivity to STBs has largely relied on cross-sectional designs, considered only a subset of impulsivity measures, and typically focused on middle-to-older adolescents. Here, we explored multiple measures of impulsivity and assessed their predictive relation to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Method In a sample of 10,286 adolescents (ages 9–12; 47.4% female, 76.4% White, 19.4% Black, 6.4% Asian, 3.5% American Indian/Alaskan Native, 0.6% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 6.4% Other, 19.4% Hispanic, 12.1% Mixed/Multiple Race) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study (ABCD Study®), we assessed impulsivity when youth were 9–10 years old, and suicidal ideation and attempts when youth were 11–12 years old. We measured impulsivity in three ways: a trait-like measure (UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale), a behavioral measure (delay discounting task), and a neural measure (Cortical Delay Discounting [C-DD]). Suicidal ideation and attempts were assessed using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia (KSADS) suicide module. Results Negative urgency and lack of perseverance (at ages 9–10) significantly predicted a higher likelihood of suicidal ideation (Negative Urgency: Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.254, p < .001; Lack of Perseverance: OR = 1.152, p = .035) and suicide attempts (Negative Urgency: OR = 1.328, p = .009; Lack of Perseverance: OR = 1.270, p = .009) when youth were 11–12 years old. Conclusions Negative urgency and lack of perseverance are robust predictors of future suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in young adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of assessing for and targeting these dimensions of impulsivity in clinical settings.

Variable Presence of an Evolutionarily New Brain Structure is Related to Trait Impulsivity.

Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct reflecting poor constraint over one's behaviors. Clinical psychology research identifies separable impulsivity dimensions that are each unique transdiagnostic indicators for psychopathology. Yet, despite this apparent clinical importance, the shared and unique neuroanatomical correlates of these factors remain largely unknown. Concomitantly, neuroimaging research identifies variably present human brain structures implicated in cognition and disorder: the folds (sulci) of the cerebral cortex located in the latest developing and most evolutionarily expanded hominoid-specific association cortices. We tethered these two fields to test whether variability in one such structure in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)-the paracingulate sulcus (PCGS)-was related to individual differences in trait impulsivity. 120 adult participants with internalizing or externalizing psychopathology completed a magnetic resonance imaging scan and the Three-Factor Impulsivity Index. Using precision imaging techniques, we manually identified the PCGS, when present, and acquired quantitative folding metrics (PCGS length and ACC local gyrification index). Neuroanatomical-behavioral analyses revealed that participants with leftward or symmetrical PCGS patterns had greater severity of Lack of Follow Through (LFT)-which captures inattention and lack of perseverance-than those with rightward asymmetry. Neuroanatomical-functional analyses identified that the PCGS co-localized with a focal locus found in a neuroimaging meta-analysis on a feature underlying LFT. Both quantitative folding metrics did not relate to any impulsivity dimension. This study advances understanding of the neuroanatomical correlates of impulsivity and establishes the notion that the topographical organization of distinct, hominoid-specific cortical expanses underlie separable impulsivity dimensions with robust, transdiagnostic implications for psychopathology.

Pornography use, problematic pornography use, impulsivity, and sensation seeking: a meta-analysis.

While some individuals engage in recreational pornography use (PU), others may develop an uncontrolled pattern of use termed problematic pornography use (PPU). PPU is characterized by persistent, excessive, or compulsive engagement with pornographic content, despite distress and adverse consequences. Impulsivity has been identified as a factor associated with PU and PPU. The present meta-analysis aims to sum up the existing research on the relationship between impulsivity and PU/PPU and investigate whether age and gender could moderate this relationship. A keyword-based systematic literature search was performed to identify articles that assessed PU/PPU and impulsivity. Extracted correlations were converted into Fisher's Z. Meta-regression analyses were also performed. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's regression intercept. Outcomes included general impulsivity and its dimensions (ie, negative and positive urgency, lack of premeditation and perseverance), sensation seeking, PU, and PPU. Meta-analytic results of the random effects model showed a significant positive correlation between impulsivity as total score and PU (n = 1504, k = 4, Fisher's Z = 0.21, P < .001) and PPU (n = 20174, k = 13, Fisher's Z = 0.17, P < .001). Significant and positive associations were also found between sensation seeking and PU (n = 11707, k = 11, Fisher's Z = 0.14, P < .001) and PPU (n = 20152, k = 9, Fisher's Z = 0.06, P < .001). Concerning the relationship between PPU and different dimensions of impulsivity, almost all the associations were significant and positive. The dimension of positive urgency and attentional and nonplanning impulsivity showed the strongest association. Age (β = -0.50, Q = 101.26, df = 11, P < .001) and gender (female = 1; β = -0.46, Q = 102.54, df = 12, P < .001) moderated the association between general impulsivity and PPU. No risk of publication bias emerged. Prevention programs of PPU should focus on impulsivity and certain key dimensions (eg, positive urgency, attentional and nonplanning impulsivity) and be tailored to individual impulsivity profiles, considering age and gender differences. The primary strength of this meta-analysis is that it considers various conceptualizations of impulsivity. However, the results are to be interpreted with caution since >30% of relevant studies had to be excluded because information could not be gathered from the study authors. These results suggest that general impulsivity is linked to PU and PPU and that specific dimensions of impulsivity (ie, attentional impulsivity, nonplanning impulsivity, and positive urgency) can serve as risk factors for PPU.

The "Chemsex" Phenomenon and Its Relationship with Psychological Variables in Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Chemsex is described as the use of psychoactive substances during sexual activity to sustain, enhance, disinhibit, or facilitate the sexual experience. It preferentially concerns men who have sex with men. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in chemsex and the psychological variables impulsivity, sexual assertiveness, and hypersexuality. The sample was composed of 137 Spanish men. A total of 104 participants reported that they had engaged in chemsex, with ages ranging from 19 to 42years (M = 31.41, SD = 4.83). A total of 33 participants reported that they had never participated in chemsex sessions. The participants were contacted and recruited at social centers, LGBT associations, and key informants. Results showed that men who participated in chemsex reported higher impulsivity, higher hypersexuality, and lower sexual assertiveness than those who have never participated in it. The frequency of participation in chemsex, as well as the number of substances consumed, was positively and significantly correlated with dimensions of impulsivity and hypersexuality. This frequency and this consumption were negatively and significantly correlated with sexual assertiveness. Findings showed significant differences in the psychological variables based on the number of consumed substances (polydrug use/consumption of one substance) and the time of consumption (before, during or before and during sex). In conclusion, the study demonstrates the existence of a clear relationship between the experience of chemsex and psychological factors such as being an impulsive person, presenting hypersexual behavior, and/or having low sexual assertiveness.

Association between sleep problems and impulsivity mediated through regional homogeneity abnormalities in male methamphetamine abstainers.

Sleep problems and impulsivity frequently occur in methamphetamine (MA) abstainers and are linked to aberrant brain function. However, the interplay between these factors remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep, impulsivity, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) through mediation analysis in MA abstainers. 46 MA abstainers and 44 healthy controls were included. Impulsivity and sleep problems were evaluated using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale, respectively. ReHo, indicative of local brain spontaneous neural activity, was assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results unveiled correlations between different dimensions of impulsivity and ReHo values in specific brain regions. Motor impulsivity correlated with ReHo values in the left postcentral gyrus and left precentral gyrus, while non-planning impulsivity was only associated with ReHo values in the left precentral gyrus. Additionally, the need for sleep medications correlated with ReHo values in the left precentral gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus. Also, the need for sleep medications was positively correlated with cognitive impulsivity and motor impulsivity. Mediation analysis indicated that reduced ReHo values in the left precentral gyrus mediated the association between impulsivity and the need for sleep medications. These findings imply that addressing sleep problems, especially the need for sleep medications, might augment spontaneous neural activity in specific brain regions linked to impulsivity among MA abstainers. This underscores the importance of integrating sleep interventions into comprehensive treatment strategies for MA abstainers.

Examining network structure of impulsivity and depression in adolescents and young adults: A two-sample study

BackgroundDepression ranks as one of the top five contributors to ill health in youth, the most formative period in life. Extensive research has highlighted the significant role of impulsivity in understanding depression. However, there has been limited exploration into how each dimension of impulsivity uniquely affect depressive symptoms, especially across crucial developmental stages like adolescence and young adulthood. MethodsThis study investigates the unique relationships between impulsivity (assessed by the short UPPS-P scale) and depression (assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9) via network analysis. We analysed data from a total of 2296 participants, comprising 858 adolescents aged 14–17 years and 1438 young adults aged 18–25 years, to estimate both a combined network and age-group specific networks. Key features of the networks, including their structure, global connectivity, and bridge nodes, were compared. ResultsThe results indicated that age differentially impacts individual depression symptoms, both directly and indirectly, via impulsivity dimensions. The comparison test revealed consistent network structures between the two age groups, with several robust pathways, such as lack of perseverance to concentration difficulties, sensation seeking to suicidal ideation, and negative urgency to feelings of worthlessness. Negative urgency and lack of perseverance were identified as bridge nodes across the two networks. LimitationsThe study employed a cross-sectional design, which limits the ability to estimate causal or temporal relationships. ConclusionsThe current findings highlight the significance of tailoring intervention strategies to individual symptom profiles and assessing negative urgency and lack of perseverance as potential early targets for depression among youth.

Smokers with higher positive or negative urgency have lower rates of smoking cessation success 12 months after a quit attempt

Impulsivity dimensions have been shown to be associated with smoking status and tobacco use disorder severity. However, it is important to determine the specific impulsivity traits associated with smoking relapse. This study aimed at investigating the associations between impulsivity traits and smoking cessation success among adult smokers at 12 months after a quit attempt. Participants were 68 adult smokers enrolled in a 3-month course of simvastatine or placebo associated with behavioral cessation support, with a 9-month follow-up (ADDICSTATINE study). They were classified in 3 groups according to smoking status: abstinent, reduction ≥ 50%baseline or reduction < 50%baseline at 3 and 12 months. Impulsivity traits were assessed using the UPPS-P-scale. At 12 months, abstainers and participants who reduced smoking by 50% or more had significantly lower scores in negative and positive urgency compared to participants who reduced smoking by less than 50% (p = 0.011 and 0.0059). These urgency traits scores at 12 months were significantly and negatively correlated with smoking reduction at 12 months (p = 0.017 and 0.0012). These impulsivity traits were also associated with the smoking cessation success at 3 months. Patients who were abstinent at 3 months had also lower negative and positive urgency (p = 0.017 and 0.0039). Smoking cessation success at 3 and 12 months were not associated with the other impulsivity traits, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation or perseverance. Our findings suggest that positive and negative urgency are associated with smoking cessation success. Proposing better tailored-based-treatment targeting these impulsivity traits in combination with conventional treatment may help improving smoking treatment success.

The association of impulsivity with depression and anxiety symptoms: A transdiagnostic network analysis and replication

BackgroundImpulsivity increases the risk for depression and anxiety. However, the granular pathways among them remain unknown. A network approach that moves from disorder-level analysis to symptom-level analysis can provide further understanding of psychopathological mechanisms. In this study, we examined the network structure of impulsivity and separate and comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety. MethodsRegularized partial-correlation networks were estimated using cross-sectional data from 1047 Chinese participants aged 18–26 years (main dataset, mean age = 21.45 ± 2.01 years) and 325 Chinese participants aged 18–36 years (an independent replication dataset, mean age = 21.49 ± 3.73 years), including impulsivity-depression, impulsivity-anxiety, and impulsivity-depression-anxiety networks. The datasets were collected from 1 June 2023 to 4 August 2023 and from 27 April 2022 to 16 May 2022, respectively. Impulsivity, depression, and anxiety were assessed using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Bridge centrality was analyzed, and a network comparison test (NCT) was conducted to investigate the differences between the main dataset and replication dataset. ResultsThe motor impulsivity dimension was revealed to be closely connected with individual symptoms of depression and anxiety regardless of whether they were in separate disorder forms or comorbid forms. In all the networks, motor impulsivity was the most important bridge node. The NCT showed comparable network connectivity and network structure between the main and replication datasets. LimitationsThe use of cross-sectional data limited the inferences about the direction of causality between variables. ConclusionsThese findings elucidate the psychopathological mechanisms underlying how impulsivity functions within depression, anxiety, and comorbidity and support that motor impulsivity is an important risk factor across different mental disorders and is responsible for comorbidity. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Impulsivity: A Transdiagnostic Approach to Understanding Adolescent Substance Use

Impulsivity: A Transdiagnostic Approach to Understanding Adolescent Substance Use

Impulsivity, emotional disorders and cognitive distortions in the general population: highlighting general interaction profiles.

Cognitive distortions, defined as erroneous information-processing, are involved in the emergence and maintenance of various mental and emotional disorders, including anxiety and depression. On the other hand, several studies highlight the existence of links between these states and the dimensions of impulsivity. We therefore studied the links between cognitive distortions, anxiety and depressive symptomatology, and impulsivity. Two hundred and forty adults (aged 18-60years, 101 men, 139 women) completed the French version of the Impulsive Behavior Scale, the Cognitive Distortions Scale for Adults and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results obtained highlight the existence of a cognitive distortion specific profile regarding the urgency dimension. Negative maximization, disqualification of the positive, negative-focused dichotomous reasoning, positive arbitrary focus, and neutral omission in favour of the negative are thus the distortions most associated with the level of urgency of subjects. The results also show, a moderating effect of the level of urgency on the interaction between anxiety and negative focused dichotomous reasoning. As well as on the interaction between depression and positive minimization, and between depression and positive maximization. The discussion of the results focuses on the interpretation of the data regarding the anxiety-depressive states in general population.

Neural and psychological correlates of post-traumatic stress symptoms in a community adult sample.

A multitude of factors are associated with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, establishing which predictors are most strongly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms is complicated because few studies are able to consider multiple factors simultaneously across the biopsychosocial domains that are implicated by existing theoretical models. Further, post-traumatic stress disorder is heterogeneous, and studies using case-control designs may obscure which factors relate uniquely to symptom dimensions. Here we used Bayesian variable selection to identify the most important predictors for overall post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and individual symptom dimensions in a community sample of 569 adults (18 to 85yr of age). Candidate predictors were selected from previously established risk factors relevant for post-traumatic stress disorder and included psychological measures, behavioral measures, and resting state functional connectivity among brain regions. In a follow-up analysis, we compared results controlling for current depression symptoms in order to examine specificity. Poor sleep quality and dimensions of temperament and impulsivity were consistently associated with greater post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity. In addition to self-report measures, brain functional connectivity among regions commonly ascribed to the default mode network, central executive network, and salience network explained the unique variability of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. This study demonstrates the unique contributions of psychological measures and neural substrates to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.

499. Identification of a Composite Latent Dimension of Reward and Impulsivity Across Clinical, Behavioral and Neurobiological Domains Among Youth

499. Identification of a Composite Latent Dimension of Reward and Impulsivity Across Clinical, Behavioral and Neurobiological Domains Among Youth

Hcv Reinfection in Active Drug Users from Facts to Explanations and Possible Solutions

Background and Aims: Perpignan (in south of France) was 600 000 people very low-income area. Main sociological characteristics associated, many homeless and drugs users local insecurity therefore low-price cocaine, national attractiveness for consumers and traffickers, overconsumption with these lower price, local manufacture of cannabis and road transport effects redistribution of drugs purchased in Spain. This was the only place where coke rail was sold under 5 dollars, 50% lower than the price in the rest of France. Mobile hepatitis team (MHT) was created in 2013 and cured about 1000 HCV patients in an outreach and test to cure approach. MHT used HCV POCT, HCV real time viral load, liver fibrosis measure by FIBROSCAN and nurse DAA prescription. For 2 years, MHT observed increase of reinfections. Method: Observational and Sociological Study of HCV Reinfections. Results: In 2023, MHT (nurses (44%) and hepatologist (56%) prescriptions) treated 89 HCV patients: men 68%, mean age 46 years, reinfection rate 21%. This rate was higher (31%) in patients treated by nurses. They were younger, more often homeless, and active drugs users. A clinical psychological study by patients’ interview showed than reinfected patients were younger, lower educational level, more often homeless, with history of psychiatric illnesses and prison. There was no correlation with precariousness score. More the patient thinks that he was responsible for his illness, the more impulsive he was (dimension urgency emotional impulsiveness). More the patient was aware of the consequences of his illness, the more impulsive he was (dimension urgency emotional impulsivity). The more impulsive the patient was (total score, emergency emotional impulsivity dimension), higher the neuroticism score (negativist personality trait). We individualized 2 specific groups of reinfected patients : gypsies in prison and homeless in the city. More the patient participates in harm reduction workshops, the more he feels responsible for his illness and the consequences of his illness, with magical thoughts about his contamination. The paradoxical outcome was people reinfected had more risk and harm reduction sessions after first infection. There was no fear about DAA treatment as HCV interferon and ribavirin treatment. DAA are always well tolerated and efficient, even in reinfection. Conclusion: Direct-acting antivirals are an effective tool for the treatment of hepatitis C virus, enabling the elimination of the virus. However, some patients who have been successfully treated with direct-acting antivirals are at risk of reinfection. Our findings showed that the risk of reinfection was highest among people with ractive injection drug use..In low-income population exposed to cocaine and other low price drugs, HCV reinfection was a trivialized life event. For reduce it, MHT had set up 3 specific projects: 1. home screening in gypsy women and neighborhood 2. Peers fingersticks HCV screening in homeless people and orientation of HCV positive patients to MHT 3. Prison zero hepatitis program with all HCV inmates same time treatment. Combination of these projects reduced to 22% rate of HCV reinfection in active drugs users during first quarter of their deployment.

Is impulsivity related to attentional bias in cigarette smokers? An exploration across levels of nicotine dependency and deprivation.

Research has largely focused on how attentional bias to smoking-related cues and impulsivity independently influence the development and maintenance of cigarette smoking, with limited exploration of the relationship between these mechanisms. The current experiments systematically assessed relationships between multiple dimensions of impulsivity and attentional bias, at different stages of attention, in smokers varying in nicotine dependency and deprivation. Nonsmokers (NS; n = 26), light-satiated smokers (LS; n = 25), heavy-satiated smokers (HS; n = 23) and heavy 12-hour nicotine-deprived smokers (HD; n = 30) completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, delayed discounting task, stop-signal task, information sampling task and a visual dot-probe assessing initial orientation (200 ms) and sustained attention (2000 ms) toward smoking-related cues. Sustained attention to smoking-related cues was present in both HS and LS, while initial orientation bias was only evident in HS. HS and LS also had greater levels of trait motor and nonplanning impulsivity and heightened impulsive choice on the delay discounting task compared with NS, while heightened trait attentional impulsivity was only found in HS. In contrast, in HD, nicotine withdrawal was associated with no attentional bias but heightened reflection impulsivity, poorer inhibitory control and significantly lower levels of impulsive choice relative to satiated smokers. Trait and behavioral impulsivity were not related to the extent of attentional bias to smoking-related cues at any stage of attention, level of nicotine dependency or state of deprivation. Findings have both clinical and theoretical implications, highlighting the unique and independent roles impulsivity and attentional bias may play at different stages of the nicotine addiction cycle.

Attention deficit disorder with/without hyperactivity and obesity in adolescence

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairment and distress throughout the lifespan. ADHD is also frequently associated with obesity. Epidemiological studies that have strongly suggested a causal relationship between ADHD and obesity, underscoring the importance of clarifying the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. An important focus has been the link between ADHD-related impulsivity and obesity, potentially mediated by impulsive eating behavior. Studies suggest that targeting the impulsive dimension of ADHD significantly reduces the risk of obesity. ADHD detection and treatment in children, adolescents and adults is important in terms of prevention and managing of obesity across the lifespan.

Assessment of various dimensions of impulsivity and their expression in unipolar and bipolar affective disorder

IntroductionImpulsivity is the tendency to take quick and rash actions without the ability to assess their consequences, resulting in an increased frequency of risky behaviors. In recent years, it has been indicated that impulsivity is a multidimensional construct with different ways of expression in various mental illnesses. Moreover, personality traits might predispose do different psychiatric diagnoses and impact its course.ObjectivesBecause differences in the manifestation of impulsivity can be observed at several levels (e.g., behavioral/motor, cognitive, attention, or emotionally related), we applied several tools to check whether they would allow for the differentiation of unipolar (UD) and bipolar (BD) affective disorders.MethodsThe study used data from 282 patients with affective disorders and 95 healthy controls of both sexes. Among the patients, we distinguished a subgroup diagnosed with UD and BD. We included a homogeneous group of patients in euthymia state at the end of hospitalization due to the last depressive episode. The following tools were used: subdimension novelty seeking (NS) of The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11) to assess various dimensions of impulsivity. The Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) was used to assess the strategy of coping with stress. Statistical analyses were performed in Statistica 13.3 StatSoft, Krakow, Poland.Results We observed significant differences in BIS-11 dimensions such as motor (MI) (p=0.0006), nonplanning (NP) (p=0.0249), and the sum of impulsivity (p= 0.0095) between UD and BD patients. We found no significant differences in the intensity of impulsivity measured by the NS subdimension, regardless of the type of affective disorder. In the Spearman rank correlation analysis, the following correlations of novelty seeking were revealed (p&gt;0.05):NS with BIS-11 MI (rs=0.3877, p=0001), BIS-11 NP (rs=-0.2926, p=0042) and COPE-planning (rs=-0.2552, p=0191) dimensions. Moreover, a unique and strong correlation of NS with COPE - focus on and venting of emotions was revealed in BD patients (rs=0.5402, p=0.0461).ConclusionsThe obtained correlation results confirm the multidimensional nature of impulsivity. The relationship between NS and the motor and nonplanning dimensions comes to the fore. Among the tests used, BIS-11 best differentiated unipolar and bipolar patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared