Impulsive Action Research Articles

Energy efficient technologies for the mining industry

The cavitation generator of fluid pressure oscillations is a promising device for productivity and efficiency improvement in the mining industry (hereinafter referred to as the generator). Due to the periodic growth, separation and collapse of cavitation cavities into generator volume, shock pressure oscillations are realized with a frequency range from 1 to 20 kHz. Oscillatory pressure peak values are up by 4 times higher than the steady-state pressure at the generator inlet. The destroyed rock takes on a fatigue character under repeated alternating effects of force impulses. Due to the development of a network of microcracks in the rock, the discontinuity of the rock mass occurs at stresses lower than the rock ultimate strength. This leads to an increase in the rate of penetration, high-quality disintegration of well productive zones and an increase in their production rate, as well as to effective loosening and degassing of outburst-prone coal seams. Purpose. To conduct a systematic analysis of the use of a cavitation generator in the mining industry and evaluate its effectiveness. To develop a simplified method for calculating the maximum values of the range of fluid pressure oscillations by the generator. Methodology. The techniques are based on the study of recent research and publications on the use of the generator as a means of impulse action, and on the processing of on its dynamic parameters experimental data. Findings. The results are given in the form of the main parameters that determine the efficiency of technological processes with hydro pulse exposure. The calculation dependences of values are presented of the cavitation parameter for which of the maximum levels of the fluid oscillation are implemented on the injection pressure and those of the maximum values of the range of fluctuations on the cavitation parameter. Originality. It has been established that the use of the generator as a means of impulse action intensifies the mining industrys technological processes and leads to a significant reduction in specific energy consumption. A new simplified method for calculating the maximum level of the oscillation range has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the rational operation modes of the generator. Practical value. At the stage of designing new equipment or upgrading existing equipment, this simplified method allows determining the effective mode of operation of the generator by engineering methods to reduce the specific energy consumption of the technological process.

NEOINDUSTRIAL PARADIGM OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL

The systemic crisis of the capitalist mode of production and the rigid market economy, the features of the neo-industrial era are creating much accelerated and qualitatively different modes and conditions of actions and practical activities compared to the previous ones, a new paradigm of global development. Only at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries does it begin to be recognized that the present and future of humanity depends not only on the possession of integral resources, but primarily on their rational use and the effectiveness of optimal management systems. Quite real opportunities have emerged to influence people's living conditions not only with military-political and economic levers, but also with high technologies created using intellectual resources. Moreover: today's technological achievements have created a real possibility of influencing the formation of algorithms of human behavior and bringing it into the framework subordinate to the realization of certain interests. At the current stage of development, which is called the "post-industrial" stage, the work on influencing the formation of people's desires and aspirations from the "outside" is going on more and more powerfully and with dangerous aggressiveness. In these circumstances, special attention and efforts are required for each country to formulate and implement the most concrete development action program useful only for it. The key issue of such programs is to determine the development priorities of the country and to develop optimal schemes and modes of management and use of integral resources ensuring their realization. Georgia can be transformed into an unprecedented innovative training ground, a space for the development and realization of complex programs of direct large investments, fundamentally new economic regimes and projects secured by international and sovereign guarantees, i.e., an adequate demonstration and realization state of the neo-industrial paradigm of integral resources of Georgia. Special processes developed in the second half of the 20th century and the first twenty years of the 21st century: the fourth industrial revolution gave a qualitatively new impetus to global technological progress, completely real opportunities emerged to influence people's living conditions not only with military-political and economic levers, but also with high technologies created using intellectual resources. Moreover: today's technological achievements have created a real possibility of influencing the formation of algorithms of human behavior and bringing it into the framework subordinate to the realization of certain interests. In the current stage of development, which is called the "post-industrial" stage (although, in our opinion, it carries a more "neo-industrial" content), the work on influencing the formation of people's desires and aspirations from the "outside" is increasingly powerful and dangerously aggressive. Such a paradigm, in the case of its realization in the future, will most likely radically change the vector of human development, which has already acquired a clearly expressed anisotropic character, which may be the cause of new conflicts, segregation, and the collapse of democratic institutions. In these circumstances, special attention and efforts are required for each country to formulate and implement the most concrete development action program useful only for it. The key issue of such programs is to determine the development priorities of the country and to develop optimal schemes and modes of management and use of integral resources ensuring their realization. Georgia should finally and completely move away from the space of impulsive actions related to fixing its own economic, social and political priorities and move to the space of clear orientations and effective, unambiguous actions achieving tangible positive and positive results with the potential for universal recognition, taking into account the daily reality, Georgia can in the following areas and on the basis of the following resources: First: a geostrategic resource, the main component of which is to acquire, perform and develop the function of a politically less problematic and economically highly profitable communicator (and not a "corridor" and "bridge"). Second: recognition as a country with the resources and will for political and economic stability and legal guarantees in accordance with international standards, which is the main factor for obtaining large foreign direct investments, without which sustainable development of the country and raising the quality of life of its population are practically impossible. Third: operational development and implementation of initiatives and highly effective projects that face the challenges of the "neo-industrial" era, which we are at the beginning stage of Participation in problem solving.

A behavioral timing intervention upregulates striatal serotonergic markers and reduces impulsive action in adult male mice

Many studies support the hypothesis that time-based interventions reduce impulsive behavior in rodents. However, few studies have directly assessed 1) how such interventions affect impulsive action rather than impulsive choice, 2) if intervention effects differ by sex, and 3) how time-based interventions affect neurochemistry in regions mediating decision-making and reward. Thus, we assessed how a fixed-interval (FI) intervention initiated during late adolescence and extending into adulthood affected dopaminergic and serotonergic analytes in the frontal cortex and striatum and subsequent impulsive action in adult male and female mice. Beginning on postnatal day (PND) 45, mice were either trained on a progressive series of FI schedules (FI 20, 40, & 60 s) or remained in the home cage. Following the intervention, increases in striatal serotonergic analytes were found in FI-exposed males and females (n = 8/sex/group) with few changes found in the frontal cortex. Impulsive action was assessed in the remaining mice (n = 10/sex/group) using a fixed-ratio waiting-for-reward (FR-wait) task in which completion of an FR-25 component initiated a “free” pellet component in which pellets were delivered at increasing intervals according to a fixed delay increment that varied across sessions. Responses reset the additive delay and initiated a new FR-25 component. FI-exposed males, but not females, showed fewer delay resets and no-wait resets relative to control mice. Importantly, FI-exposure did not affect discrimination reversal performance in either sex. These data suggest that time-based interventions may reduce impulsive action in addition to impulsive choice perhaps with increased male sensitivity. Additionally, time-based interventions appear to operate through striatal serotonergic augmentation.

Blockade of the orexin 1-receptors and ‘cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript’ in the nucleus accumbens shell alters impulse control in rats

Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and alterations in impulsiveness are often associated with psychiatric diseases, including drug addiction and binge eating disorder. Impulse control involves several brain regions. The present study assessed the role of the orexigenic, appetite stimulating neuropeptide orexin (OX) and the anorexigenic, appetite reducing neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) within the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) in impulse control in rats. The animals were ranked for their trait impulsivity based on a screening in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). The rats’ performances were analysed after bilateral infusions of the OX 1-receptor antagonist SB-334867 (SB) and CART-antibodies (CART-ABs) into the NAcSh. After SB infusions, there was no change in premature responses observed on average. Further analysis revealed a negative linear correlation between the effect of intra-NAcSh SB infusions on premature responses and trait impulsivity. The effect of SB ranged from an increase, no change to a decrease in premature responses in the individual animals with increasing trait impulsivity. Infusions of CART-ABs led to consistently enhanced impulse control with fewer irrelevant actions, independent of trait impulsivity. These data suggest that both OX, especially OX A, and CART in the NAcSh, can be considered endogenous regulators of impulsive action, dependent on underlying impulsivity in the case of OX and independent from trait impulsivity in the case of CART.

Behavioral impulsivity moderates the relationship between acute stress and reward sensitivity

Extant evidence for the relationship between stress and reward sensitivity is inconsistent in direction. The current study aims to offer one explanation for this discrepancy by examining the moderating role of impulsivity. We recruited two groups of participants, who were given a physical stressor (Maastricht Acute Stress Test) and a socio-evaluative stressor (Montreal Imaging Stress Task), respectively (NMAST = 152, NMIST = 192). Combining results from both groups, we found that acute stress blunted reward processing for participants who scored high on behavioral impulsivity in comparison to those who scored low. This moderation effect, however, was not significant for trait impulsivity. Our findings suggest that behavioral measures of impulsivity may be uniquely sensitive to subtle situational factors leading to stress-induced changes in impulsive action.

PROPELLER SHAFTING DYNAMICS UNDER IMPULSE ACTION

Propeller shafts and countershafts are bent quite often on sea and river vessels. The cause of the curvature is a strong load on this node of the ship’s power plant. In addition to bending, the shafting experiences longitudinal and transverse loads with a dynamic and static component. A large number of scientific papers have been devoted to the study of the dynamics of the propeller and shafting. However, the problem has not been completely solved, and the increase in damages during the shafting operation and its intensive wear only confirm the relevance of further research in this direction. The aim of the work is to determine the dynamic forces in the shafting, which occur during impulse action due to the propeller impact on the ice. A model of a two-stage elastic rod with inert disks at the ends is presented in the paper. It allows considering different situations of dynamic impact on the shafting and propeller. The following design features such as different stiffness of the shaft sections, different speed of elastic waves of deformation (different densities and modules of elasticity on the shaft sections), reduced inertial load from the moving parts of the drive, can be taken into account in the model. It is concluded that the frequency of the main form of oscillations mainly depends on the inertial loads concentrated at the ends and the shaft rigidity. The proposed simplified model of the inertialess shaft makes it possible to determine the angles of rotation of the shaft sections with sufficient accuracy. For different sections of the stepped shaft, the dynamic torque coefficient can differ significantly.

Predicting Impulsive Consumer Behaviour Toward Handicrafts in India

Consumer behaviour is easy to define in terms of planned and implemented marketing activities. While it has been researched for big companies and products. The unexplored side of consumer behaviour lies in impulsive purchase actions. Impulse buying tendency (IBT) can be defined as the sudden, powerful, and persistent urge to buy something immediately. Based on market observations, and available literature, handicrafts as a product face more impulsive actions rather than planned, therefore the factors chosen for this study refer to analyze the relevance of IBT in terms of handicrafts purchase actions. Independent variables are attractiveness (AT), cultural and traditional values (CTV), learning (LN), and environment (EN). The research was examined by SEM analysis using AMOS 24. It was founded that there exists a mediating effect of IBT on consumer purchasing behaviour. The results of this study will enhance the understanding of small business holders and craft artisans regarding the influential behaviour of consumers and their impulse actions to increase the demand for their handmade products.

Concurrent measures of impulsive action and choice are partially related and differentially modulated by dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors in a rat model of impulsivity

Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct, but the relationships between its constructs and their respective underlying dopaminergic underpinnings in the general population remain unclear. A cohort of Roman high- (RHA) and low- (RLA) avoidance rats were tested for impulsive action and risky decision-making in the rat gambling task, and then for delay discounting in the delay-discounting task to concurrently measure the relationships among the three constructs of impulsivity using a within-subject design. Then, we evaluated the effects of dopaminergic drugs on the three constructs of impulsivity, considering innate differences in impulsive behaviors at baseline. Risky decision-making and delay-discounting were positively correlated, indicating that both constructs of impulsive choice are related. Impulsive action positively correlated with risky decision-making but not with delay discounting, suggesting partial overlap between impulsive action and impulsive choice. RHAs showed a more impulsive phenotype in the three constructs of impulsivity compared to RLAs, demonstrating the comorbid nature of impulsivity in a population of rats. Amphetamine increased impulsive action and had no effect on risky decision-making regardless of baseline levels of impulsivity, but it decreased delay discounting only in high impulsive RHAs. In contrast, while D1R and D3R agonism as well as D2/3R partial agonism decreased impulsive action regardless of baseline levels of impulsivity, D2/3R agonism decreased impulsive action exclusively in high impulsive RHAs. Irrespective of baseline levels of impulsivity, risky decision-making was increased by D1R and D2/3R agonism but not by D3R agonism or D2/3R partial agonism. Finally, while D1R and D3R agonism, D2/3R partial agonism and D2R blockade increased delay discounting irrespective of baseline levels of impulsivity, D2/3R agonism decreased it in low impulsive RLAs only. These findings indicate that the acute effects of dopamine drugs were partially overlapping across dimensions of impulsivity, and that only D2/3R agonism showed baseline-dependent effects on impulsive action and impulsive choice.

On the problem of nonlinear dynamics of shell systems influenced by the internal pressure local impulse

Purpose. Critical infrastructure facilities, including pipelines and tanks, are an integral part of ensuring the functioning of industrial and civil life support facilities. External factors that may affect their functioning can be both the cause of force majeure and targeted actions by third parties. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to establish a mathematical description of the dynamic behavior of cylindrical shells under the action of a local impulse caused by internal pressure. Methodology. To achieve the goal of the work, the provisions of the nonlinear dynamics of the system of forces are applied, taking into account approximate analytical and asymptotic methods. Results. The results obtained make it possible to describe nonlinear processes caused by local pulses of internal pressure in shell systems, which can be interpolated for use in numerous methods for determining the parameters of the strength and bearing capacity of the corresponding structure, taking into account the physical and mechanical parameters of the materials used and the nature of the force action. Interpolation of the results to similar technical systems will allow scaling the mathematical approach in solving engineering problems. Scientific novelty. The existing dynamic models are mostly represented by simplified calculation models without taking into account the totality of real loads and characteristic design and technological factors. In this paper, it is proposed to take into account the nonlinearity of dynamic processes due to the shape of the impulse action, the power exponent of the nonlinearity of displacements, and the Dirac delta function. This approach is new of scientific and practical significance. Practical significance. The resulting singular inhomogeneous model of interaction in the form of a differential equation with variable coefficients makes it possible to provide numerical simulation of interaction processes with asymptotically approximate results and to establish the parameters of dynamic behavior to impulse action. As a result, it is possible to obtain new technical solutions for shell structures resistant to dynamic impact, which will have improved technical and operational characteristics.

"Sensitivity to the disinhibiting effect of alcohol: The role of trait impulsivity and sex differences": Clarification.

Higher trait impulsivity is associated with more impulsive responding on certain behavioral measures of disinhibition. Additionally, behavioral disinhibition is acutely elevated following alcohol consumption. The present study examined the possibility that trait impulsivity may predict individual differences in sensitivity to the disinhibiting effect of alcohol. Specifically, the present study tested the hypothesis that those with elevated trait impulsivity also experience heightened sensitivity to the disinhibiting effect of alcohol, which might further compound their tendency toward impulsive action. To test this hypothesis, data from six studies were aggregated to comprise a sample of 190 young adults. Participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), and behavioral disinhibition was assessed using a cued go/no-go task following consumption of 0.65 g/kg alcohol and a placebo. Alcohol increased disinhibition overall, but higher impulsivity did not predict increased sensitivity to alcohol-induced disinhibition. In men, higher levels of trait impulsivity predicted heightened disinhibition in the unintoxicated state following placebo, but this relationship was not present in women. These findings suggest significant sex differences in the relationship between trait impulsivity and disinhibition. This sex difference may explain inconsistent research findings in studies assessing links between trait and behavioral measures of impulsivity. The data also point to trait impulsivity and sensitivity to alcohol-induced disinhibition as independent constructs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Development and Research of Method in the Calculation of Transients in Electrical Circuits Based on Polynomials

Long electromagnetic transients occur in electrical systems because of switching and impulse actions As a result, the simulation time of such processes can be long, which is undesirable. Simulation time is significantly increased if the circuit in the study is complex, and also if this circuit is described by a rigid system of state equations. Modern requests of design engineers require an increase in the speed of calculations for realizing a real-time simulation. This work is devoted to the development of a unified spectral method for calculating electromagnetic transients in electrical circuits based on the representation of solution functions by series in algebraic and orthogonal polynomials. The purpose of the work is to offer electrical engineers a method that can significantly reduce the time for modeling transients in electrical circuits. Research methods. Approximation of functions by orthogonal polynomials, numerical methods for integrating differential equations, matrix methods, programming and theory of electrical circuits. Obtained results. Methods for calculating transients in electrical circuits based on the approximation of solution functions by series in algebraic polynomials as well as in the Chebyshev, Hermite and Legendre polynomials, have been developed and investigated. The proposed method made it possible to convert integro-differential equations of state into linear algebraic equations for images of time-dependent functions. The developed circuit model simplifies the calculation method. The images of true current functions are interpreted as direct currents in the proposed equivalent circuit. A computer program for simulating the transient process in an electrical circuit was developed on the basis of the described methods. The performed comparison of methods made it possible to choose the best method and a way to use it. The advantages of the presented method over other known methods are to reduce the simulation time of electromagnetic transients (for the considered examples by more than 6 times) while ensuring the required accuracy. The calculation of the process in the circuit over a long time interval showed a decrease and stabilization of errors, which indicates the prospects for using research methods for calculating complex electrical circuits.

Neural basis of anticipation and premature impulsive action in the frontal cortex.

Planning motor actions can improve behavioral performance; however, it can also lead to premature actions. Although the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) is known to be important for correct motor planning, it is currently unknown how it contributes to premature impulsive motor output. This was addressed using whole-cell voltage recordings from layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons within the ALM while mice performed a cued sensory association task. Here, a robust voltage response was evoked during the auditory cue, which was greater during incorrect premature behavior than during correct performance in the task. Optogenetically suppressing ALM during the cued sensory association task led to enhanced behavior, with fewer, and more delayed, premature responses and faster correct responses. Taken together, our findings extend the current known roles of the ALM, illustrating that ALM plays an important role in impulsive behavior by encoding and influencing premature motor output.

Investigating a role of orexin and ‘cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript’ in the nucleus accumbens shell in binge eating of male rats and the relationship with impulsivity

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder in the adult population. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of uncontrollable overconsumption of palatable food (PF). BED is connected to several comorbidities such as obesity, major depression, and substance use disorder, and was linked to heightened levels of impulsivity. The neurobiological basis of BED is however still vaguely known. Binge eating (BE) occurs without homeostatic needs, and therefore, relates to hedonic consumption of PF. A major brain structure in the control of hedonic feeding, and part of the network regulating impulsive action, is the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh). The present study in rats assessed the influence of trait impulsivity on the development of BE-like feeding and the role of the orexigenic neuropeptide orexin (OX) and the anorexigenic neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) within the NAcSh in a BE-model. The rats were initially ranked for their trait impulsivity based on a screening in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. They were subsequently introduced into a limited access-model to establish BE-like feeding with pure vegetable fat to examine a correlation between trait impulsivity and the development of BE-like feeding. The effect of bilateral infusions of the OX 1-receptor (OX1R) antagonist SB-334867 (SB) and CART-antibodies (CART-ABs) into the NAcSh was examined in relation to trait impulsivity. Further, accumbal OX1R density was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in rats with normal and BE-like feeding behavior. We found that all animals developed stable BE-like PF intake, independent of trait impulsivity and without differences in the dynamics. The blockade of accumbal OX1Rs effectively reduced PF intake only in the control group that had daily access to PF, with impulsivity trait as a decisive factor, pointing towards alterations in orexinergic transmission in the NAcSh of rats bingeing on pure fat. This was corroborated by a lower density of OX1Rs in the NAcSh of rats with BE-like feeding behavior, precisely, in low-impulsive bingeing rats. Regardless of impulsivity trait, antagonizing CART in the NAcSh did not affect PF intake of control or bingeing animals. This suggests that endogenous accumbal CART does not influence consummatory behavior in ad libitum-fed rats with access to fat, under both normal and BE-like feeding patterns.

The effect of sex, age and boldness on inhibitory control

Inhibitory control requires an individual to suppress impulsive actions in favour of more appropriate behaviours to gain a delayed reward. It plays an important role in activities such as foraging and initiating mating, but high within-species variation suggests that some individuals have greater inhibitory control than others. A standard index of inhibitory control used in many taxa is measuring how long an animal persists in trying to move itself or an appendage (e.g. its hand) through a transparent barrier to reach a reward. Although recent nonhuman studies have investigated how different factors are associated with variation in inhibitory control, these studies have rarely considered how these factors interact. Here we investigated how sex, age, personality (boldness) and the type of reward stimulus interact to predict the degree of motor inhibitory control in eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki . We measured inhibitory control using a standard detour assay, ‘boldness’ (time to emergence in a novel environment), and the rate of learning. There were three different reward stimuli: a shoal of females, a shoal of males or a mixed-sex shoal. Individuals were tested in four consecutive trials, always with the same reward type, to quantify short-term learning. These measures were repeated at 7, 14 and 21 weeks after maturation to examine the effect of age. Females had significantly greater inhibitory control than males. Regardless of sex, older fish had significantly greater inhibitory control than younger fish, and boldness predicted learning ability. The type of reward stimuli had no sex-specific effect on inhibitory control. We discuss the biological significance of these sources of variation in inhibitory control, and the importance of accounting for them in studies examining individual differences in cognitive abilities. • Inhibitory control (IC) suppresses impulsive actions in favour of delayed rewards. • Both sex and age, but not their interaction, affected IC in 251 mosquitofish. • Individual's boldness did not affect IC, but bolder fish were faster learners. • Composition of a social reward (males/females/mixed) did not affect IC.

Characterization and computation of control invariant sets for linear impulsive control systems

Impulsive control systems are suitable to describe and control a venue of real-life problems, going from disease treatment to aerospace guidance. The main characteristic of such systems is that they evolve freely in-between impulsive actions, which makes it difficult to guarantee its permanence in a given state-space region. In this work, we develop a method for characterizing and computing approximations to the maximal control invariant sets for linear impulsive control systems, which can be explicitly used to formulate a set-based model predictive controller. We approach this task using a tractable and non-conservative characterization of the admissible state sets, namely the states whose free response remains within given constraints, emerging from a spectrahedron representation of such sets for systems with rational eigenvalues. The so-obtained impulsive control invariant set is then explicitly used as a terminal set of a predictive controller, which guarantees the feasibly asymptotic convergence to a target set containing the invariant set. Necessary conditions under which an arbitrary target set contains an impulsive control invariant set (and moreover, an impulsive control equilibrium set) are also provided, while the controller performance are tested by means of two simulation examples.

Authentic for Thee But Not for Me: Perceived Authenticity in Self-Control Conflicts.

Is self-control authentic? Across several hypothetical scenarios, participants perceived impulsive actions as more authentic for others (Study 1a) but self-control as more authentic for themselves (Study 1b). Study 2 partially replicated this asymmetry. Study 3 accounted for behavior positivity because self-control was typically the more positive action in the previous studies. Study 4 minimized the influence of positivity by framing the same behaviors as either impulsive or controlled; impulsive actions were deemed more authentic than self-control, but only for other people. An internal meta-analysis controlling for behavior positivity revealed that (a) more positive behaviors are more authentic, and (b) impulsive actions are more authentic than self-controlled actions, especially for others. This actor-observer asymmetry suggests that, even in the face of a strong tendency to perceive positive actions as authentic, there exists a competing tendency to view others' impulsive actions as more authentic than self-control.

Analytical and numerical models of debris flow impact

A full understanding of the interaction mechanisms among flow-like landslides and impacted protection structures is still an open issue. Although several approaches, from experimental to numerical, have been used so far, a thoroughly assessment of the hydromechanical behaviour of the landslide body is achievable only through a multiphase and large deformation approach.This paper firstly proposes a conceptual model for a specific type of protection structure, namely a Deformable Geosynthetics-Reinforced Barrier (DGRB), i.e., an embankment made of coarse-grained soil layers reinforced by geogrids. In such a case, the sliding of the barrier along its base, under the impulsive action of a flow-type landslide, is an important landslide energy dissipation mechanism, and a key issue for the design. Then, two different approaches are proposed: i) an advanced hydro-mechanical numerical model based on Material Point Method is tested in simulating the whole complex landslide-structure interaction mechanisms, ii) an analytical model is set up to deal with the landslide energy dissipation and the kinematics of both the landslide and barrier. The calibration of the proposed analytical model is pursued based on the numerical results. Finally, the analytical model is successfully validated to interpret a large dataset of landslide impact field evidence, for whose interpretation also five empirical methods available in the literature are tested.

Estimation of impulse action parameters using a network of neuronlike oscillators

Aim of the study is to develop a method for estimating the parameters of an external periodic impulse action using a spiking network of neuronlike oscillators. Methods. The spiking activity of a network consisting of coupled nonidentical neuronlike FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators was studied, depending on the parameters of the periodic impulse action. To estimate the amplitude of the external impulse signal, we detuned the FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators, which were in a stable state of equilibrium in the absence of an external action, by the threshold parameter responsible for the excitation of the oscillator. To estimate the frequency of excitatory pulses, we detuned the FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators by the parameter characterizing the ratio of time scales, the value of which determines the natural frequency of oscillators. We also changed the duration of external pulses. Results. It is shown that the number of spikes generated by a network of nonidentical FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators has a monotonic dependence on the amplitude of the external pulse signal and a nonmonotonic dependence on the frequency of the pulse signal. The number of spikes generated by the network remains constant over a wide range of external pulse durations. A method for estimating the amplitude and frequency of impulse action is proposed. The method efficiency is demonstrated in numerical simulations and in a radio physical experiment. Conclusion. The proposed method allows one to estimate the amplitude of an external pulse signal, knowing its frequency, and estimate the frequency of this signal, knowing its amplitude. The method can be used in robotics when solving the problems of information processing related to the motion control of mobile robots.

My Mind Was a Military Sky

My Mind Was a Military Sky

APPROXIMATION OF POSITIONAL IMPULSE CONTROLS FOR DIFFERENTIAL INCLUSIONS

Nonlinear control systems presented as differential inclusions with positional impulse controls are investigated. By such a control we mean some abstract operator with the Dirac function concentrated at each time. Such a control ("running impulse"), as a generalized function, has no meaning and is formalized as a sequence of correcting impulse actions on the system corresponding to a directed set of partitions of the control interval. The system responds to such control by discontinuous trajectories, which form a network of so-called "Euler's broken lines." If, as a result of each such correction, the phase point of the object under study is on some given manifold (hypersurface), then a slip-type effect is introduced into the motion of the system, and then the network of "Euler's broken lines" is called an impulse-sliding mode. The paper deals with the problem of approximating impulse-sliding modes using sequences of continuous delta-like functions. The research is based on Yosida's approximation of set-valued mappings and some well-known facts for ordinary differential equations with impulses.