Improve Labor Productivity Research Articles

Развитие цифровых технологий и производительности труда средних предприятий России (In Eng.)

Economically developed countries develop pilot projects aimed at developing entrepreneurship and improving labor productivity through the use of modern technologies. In this regard, the state's policy focus on addressing the issue of labor productivity growth and bridging the technological gap between the country and advanced economies has brought attention to the need for discovering new avenues and resources to enhance labor productivity in Russia. The goal of this work is to identify the dependencies between the development of digital technologies and the labor productivity of medium-sized enterprises in Russia and its regions. The study confirmed the following hypotheses: there is a correlation between the share of companies using the Internet and labor productivity of medium-sized enterprises in Russia. ICT costs in Russia have a rather strong impact on the labor productivity of medium-sized enterprises. The study results can be used to identify those digital technologies indicators that have the greatest impact on labor productivity growth of medium-sized enterprises, which can be used to improve regional aspects of innovative development of the country's economy.

Механизмы принятия управленческих решений в области цифровизации производственных процессов промышленного предприятия

Introduction. The relevance of studying the industrial enterprise digitalization processes and developing a methodology for implementing production process control systems is due to the fact that digital technologies introduced into the manufacturing sector are important drivers for improving production management processes, improving labor productivity indicators, reducing the labor intensity of manufacturing products, reducing the cost of products and increasing quality. Theoretical analysis. The information systems and products most commonly used in modern practice of industrial enterprises in aviation industries are analyzed. Empirical analysis. The analysis of options for making managerial decisions to create an ERP complex that automates the processes of production’s technological preparation was carried out using the methods of analyzing advantages and disadvantages, paired comparisons and Kepner – Trego. A mechanism for making informed management decisions on the analysis of alternatives is presented, as well as the evaluation and selection of options for digitalization of the technological preparation processes based on the use of the principles of developing a management decision. Results. The choice of the Global ERP system for managing production preparation processes at industrial enterprises in the aircraft industry is justified, since it most closely matches the selected evaluation criteria.

Does the implementation of green finance regulation promote the high-quality development of enterprises? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China.

The improvement of enterprise total factor productivity and labor productivity is the micro-embodiment of high-quality economic development. Green finance relies on the dual functions of resource allocation and environmental regulation to guide enterprises to adjust their mode of operation through incentive and restraint mechanisms, attach importance to energy conservation and environmental protection, and guide enterprises to develop with high quality. Taking the construction of the green financial supervision system in 2016 as a quasi-natural experiment, we constructed a difference-in-difference model to investigate the impact and mechanism of green finance on the high-quality development of enterprises, based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2020. The results show that the implementation of green finance effectively promotes the high-quality development of enterprises. This promotion effect is heterogeneous from perspectives of enterprise-specific characteristics, executive education background, and environmental regulation intensity. The influence mechanisms mainly rely on tightening financial constraints, upgrading the level of green technology innovation, and improving the quality of internal control. These findings provide an important decision-making reference for better implementing green finance policies and promoting high-quality economic development under the green and low-carbon concept and carbon peak carbon neutrality goals.

An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Manager’s Level of Education on Labour Productivity In the Manufacturing Sector in Uganda: 2006–2013

This paper investigates the effect of education of firm managers on labour productivityin Uganda’s manufacturing sector using enterprise survey data. Like in many SubSaharan economies, Uganda is grappling with labour productivity associated withdeficiencies and mismatch in skills, which limit the adaptation of new productiontechnologies. The human capital theory (HCT) and the endogenous growth theory(EGT) underpinned this investigation. On the basis of a Cobb-Douglas function weestimated a labour productivity equation. The paper found that attainment of higherlevels of education by firm managers improved labour productivity, and meanproductivity of individual workers at firm level. The strong linkage between managers’education and labour productivity implies that the government should focus onpolicies that improve higher education.JEL Classification: J24

Decomposition analysis on factors affecting electricity substitution in Guangdong province, China

AbstractElectricity substitution is an effective measure for reducing pollutant emissions and promoting the consumption of renewable energy. The current research lacks a quantitative analysis method for the factors affecting regional electricity substitution. This article proposes a decomposition model of the factors affecting electricity substitution based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method to expand the depth and breadth of electricity substitution. Results show that: (1) Macro‐level electricity substitution in Guangdong province develops steadily, with 1694.93 × 108 kWh of total electricity substitution quantity during the period 2006–2020. The electricity substitution quantity in production sector accounts for 83.92% of the total, which is much larger than that in household sector. (2) Sustained improvement of labour productivity gives the largest contribution (3592.32 × 108 kWh) to the increase of electricity substitution in production sector during the period 2006–2020. Living standard effect has the largest contribution (452.21 × 108 kWh) to the increase of electricity substitution in household sector during the period 2006–2020. Electrification level effect and population effect have significant impact on electricity substitution development, while industrial structure has little impact on electricity substitution. (3) Energy intensity effect and energy consumption growth effect negatively influence electricity substitution in Guangdong province. The decline of energy intensity in the production sector has driven the decrease of electricity substitution quantity, contributing −2540.36 × 108 kWh to electricity substitution during the period 2006–2020. Policy implications like continuously promoting breakthroughs in electricity substitution technologies, improvement of electrification rate in the sectors with potential for substitution, and improvement the price mechanism for fossil fuels and electricity can promote the deepening development of electricity substitution and the realisation of the carbon neutrality goal.

The impact of carbon-biased technological progress on carbon haze coordinated governance: insights from China.

Superficial or cosmetic measures are unlikely to solve the complex challenges of carbon haze governance. Carbon-biased technological progress plays a significant role in low-carbon technology and economic sustainable development. This study introduces carbon resources as a production factor in the transcendental logarithmic function to calculate the biased technological progress index of 30 provinces in China between 2010 and 2020. Subsequently, this study constructs the spatial Durbin model to empirically investigate the spatial spillover effect of carbon-biased technology progress on carbon haze coordinated governance. The findings reveal that China's technological progress is primarily characterized by carbon bias, particularly in terms of labor-using carbon-saving technological progress and capital-using carbon-saving technological progress. Additionally, both levels of carbon haze coordinated governance and carbon-biased technological progress have significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. Moreover, the carbon-biased technological progress can facilitate synergy degree of carbon haze governance through energy-saving effects but can also hinder the carbon haze coordinated governance through rebound effects. Therefore, it is imperative to improve labor productivity, augment green capital investment, and stimulate the induction of technological progress towards carbon saving to achieve sustainable and high-quality economic development. The primary contribution is identifying the uncertainty surrounding the impact of carbon-biased technological progress on coordinated governance of carbon haze, while also providing theoretical explanations for the influence channels of carbon-biased technological progress.

Can digital innovation improve firm performance: Evidence from digital patents of Chinese listed firms

Within the context of the digital economy, digital innovation has emerged as a significance driving force to enhance firm value. This paper uses the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2016 to 2021 as a sample to test the impact of digital innovation on corporate performance and its mechanism. We find that digital innovation can positively improve firm performance by improving labor productivity, reducing operating costs and enhancing competitive advantage. Further research shows that digital innovation is more likely to improve firm performance in high-market, large-scale, state-owned enterprises and regions with high marketization. Digital industrialization can strengthen the positive correlation between digital innovation and firm performance. Industries involved of digital product manufacturing and digital technology application play a greater role in the economic effect of digital innovation. Finally, location-oriented policies promote digital innovation. This paper contributes to the research on the measurement of digital innovation and its economic consequences, constructs a framework for the impact of digital innovation on the economic effect of microenterprises, and provides reliable empirical evidence for the development of digital innovation.

Do competent managers increase labor productivity? Evidence from Korea

This study investigates the effect of managerial ability on labor productivity by analyzing various methods in the firm-year panel data of listed firms in South Korea from 2002 to 2019. Managerial ability was analyzed using the measurement method of Demerjian et al. (2012), while labor productivity was analyzed using value-added and sales. The authors find that managerial ability has a positive effect on labor productivity. In other words, the productivity of employees improves with the appointment of a manager with higher abilities. The study’s findings suggest that firms should consider managerial ability as a means of improving labor productivity.

The Influence of Competence and Motivation on Employee Performance at PT PLN (Persero) ULP Tanjung Karang

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of ability and motivation on the performance of employees of PT PLN (Persero) ULP Tanjung Karang. It will be the main source of task success to improve labor productivity. The survey respondents were all employees of PT PLN (PERSERO) ULP Tanjung Karang, totaling 30 people. Data were collected and analyzed using multiple linear regression equations using SPSS version 25. The coefficient of determination for the test results was 0.417. The current study found that both competence and motivation have significant positive effects on employee performance, with f-test scores at the significant level of 0.000.

Impact of Globalisation on Innovation of Small and Medium Enterprises in Vietnam

Innovation contributes to improved labour productivity and an enhanced competition, thereby ensuring to the development of the firm. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) encounter many difficulties in attempts to innovate. It is not clear whether globalisation works to encourage firms to innovate via transferring knowledge and promote market competition mechanism; or whether it works against such innovation due to a negative impact on the diversification of different dimensions in economic, social, and political life. The primary purpose of this research was to examine how globalisation affects innovation among SMEs in Vietnam. It analyses the micro and macro effects of globalisation on innovation in businesses using a Probit model with data obtained from selected SMEs during the period 2005–2015. The result showed that at a macro level, globalisation negatively correlates with innovation. Additionally, it was found that economic and political globalisation facilitates innovation while social globalisation discourages it. At the micro level, increasing competitive pressure and knowledge transfer due to globalisation are positively correlated with the propensity towards innovation of SMEs.

Pathway to prosperity? The impact of low-carbon energy transition on China's common prosperity

Given the ongoing low-carbon energy transition in China, the social, economic, and environmental consequences of this transition cannot be overlooked. Achieving common prosperity is a key component of China's agenda, so it is important to consider the potential nexus between common prosperity and the low-carbon energy transition. Therefore, this study first offers a new comprehensive measure of common prosperity. Furthermore, we examine the impact of the low-carbon energy transition on common prosperity by applying the system-generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) approach. The key conclusions reached regarding the impact of the low-carbon energy transition on common prosperity are: (1) the degree of common prosperity has continued to increase between 2006 and 2019; (2) the low-carbon energy transition significantly promotes common prosperity; (3) the low-carbon energy transition indirectly promotes common prosperity by expanding gross fixed capital formation, improving labor productivity, and promoting industrial structure upgrading; and (4) the low-carbon energy transition has a significantly stronger impact on common prosperity in provinces with higher levels of low-carbon energy transition and common prosperity. Finally, we suggest several policy implications for promoting low-carbon energy transition and common prosperity.

Activity sampling in the construction industry: a review and research agenda

PurposeActivity sampling is a technique to monitor onsite labourers' time utilisation, which can provide helpful information for the management level to implement suitable labour productivity improvement strategies continuously. However, there needs to be a review paper that compiles research on activity sampling studies to give readers a thorough grasp of the research trend. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the activity sampling techniques applied in earlier research from the angles of activity categories formation, data collection methods and data analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe method used in this paper is a systematic review guided by the PRISMA framework. The search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, selecting 70 articles published between 2011 and 2022 for data extraction and analysis. The analysis method involved a qualitative synthesis of the findings from the selected articles.FindingsActivity sampling is broadly divided into four stages: targeting trade, determining activity categories, data collection and data analysis. This paper divides the activity categories into three levels and classifies the data collection methods into manual observation, sensor-based activity sampling and computer vision-based activity sampling. The previous studies applied activity sampling for two construction management purposes: labour productivity monitoring and ergonomic safety monitoring. This paper also further discusses the scientific research gaps and future research directions.Originality/valueThis review paper contributes to the body of knowledge in construction management by thoroughly understanding current state-of-the-art activity sampling techniques and research gaps.

Sustainable Development between Demonstration Farm and Agricultural Labor Productivity: Evidence from Family Farms in the Mountainous Area of Western China

Agricultural labor productivity is an important indicator that reflects the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. Demonstration farms provide an important link between small-scale farmers and modern agriculture in mountainous area of western China, which is playing an important role in improving labor productivity. This paper focuses on using the PSM-logit model and sensitivity analysis to empirically test the causal relationship between demonstration farms and labor productivity, and a micro-large sample of 1823 family farms was adopted. The highlighted findings are as follows: the average labor productivity of the demonstration farm is 2.8 times higher than that of the non-demonstration farm. There is a significant positive correlation between demonstration farms and labor productivity. Utilizing demonstration farms, when all control variables are added, can remarkably promote farm income by CNY301458 on average. In the matched sample, and under scenarios controlling for other covariates, we saw that demonstration farms can significantly enhance the farm income of CNY285108, CNY288509, and CNY291077 on average, respectively, after taking the radius matching, the kernel matching, and the nearest neighbor matching. The research inspired us to enhance the demonstrative establishment of family farms and accelerate the rate at which comprehensive development benefits are derived from demonstration farms. The results of this research could provide a policy reference for the promotion of high-quality development and the sustainable development of family farms in China and serve as an experience reference for promoting sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas globally.

The Non-Linear Relationship between Air Pollution, Labor Insurance and Productivity: Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines Approach

This study explores the non-linear relationship between air pollution, socio-economic factors, labor insurance, and labor productivity in the industrial sector in Taiwan. Using machine learning, specifically multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), provides an alternative approach to examining the impact of air pollution on labor productivity, apart from the traditional linear relationships and parametric methods employed in previous studies. Examining this topic is imperative for advancing the knowledge on the effects of air pollution on labor productivity and its association with labor insurance, employing a machine learning framework. The results reveal that air pollution, particularly PM10, has a negative impact on labor productivity. Lowering the PM10 level below 36.2 μg/m3 leads to an increase in marginal labor productivity. Additionally, the study identifies labor insurance as a significant factor in improving productivity, with a 9% increase in the total number of labor insurance holders resulting in a substantial 42.9% increase in productivity. Notably, a link between air pollution and insurance is observed, indicating that lower air pollution levels tend to be associated with higher labor insurance coverage. This research holds valuable implications for policymakers, businesses, and industries as it offers insights into improving labor productivity and promoting sustainable economic development.

Towards sustainable development goals: Does common prosperity contradict carbon reduction?

In the light of China’s synergistic need to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 10 and 13, it is necessary to consider the potential nexus between common prosperity and carbon reduction. Therefore, this work proposes a new comprehensive measure to assess the degree of common prosperity in 30 Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2019. Furthermore, we examine the impact of common prosperity on carbon emissions applying the system-generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) approach. All major conclusions are as follows: (1) the level of common prosperity has continued to increase between 2006 and 2019; (2) common prosperity and carbon reduction are compatible with each other, i.e., common prosperity significantly reduces carbon emissions; (3) common prosperity reduces carbon emissions indirectly by improving labor productivity and upgrading industrial structure; (4) carbon emissions are indirectly increased by common prosperity through the expansion of gross fixed capital formation and higher levels of urbanization, and (5) in provinces with higher levels of common prosperity and lower levels of carbon emissions, common prosperity has a considerably greater influence on carbon emissions. Finally, we suggest several policy implications for promoting China’s sustainable development.

Digital Inclusive Finance Development and Labor Productivity: Based on a Capital-Deepening Perspective

This paper examines the impact of digital inclusive finance development on labor productivity and its transmission channels using panel data from 30 provinces in China during 2011–2020. According to empirical findings, the growth of digital inclusive finance significantly improves labor productivity in China. This conclusion holds even after taking into account endogeneity problems and robustness tests. Regarding transmission channels, digital inclusive finance development enhances labor productivity by promoting capital deepening. From the perspective of the three dimensions of the current digital inclusive finance development stage, the coverage width significantly boosts labor productivity. From a regional perspective, digital inclusive finance development has a more significant impact on labor productivity in the eastern region compared to the central and western areas. From an industry perspective, digital inclusive finance development significantly enhances labor productivity in the primary and tertiary industries.

지역화경제와 도시화경제가 지역 산업의 생산성에 미치는 영향

Purpose: Based on Japan’s regional-industries data from 1994 to 2018, we intend to analyze and present Japanese evidence on the productivity-enhancing effects of localization economies(MAR externality) and urbanization economies(Jacobs externality), and to accumulate research evidence for comparative analysis between Korea and Japan on the effect of agglomeration economies on productivity.
 Research design, data, and methodology: In order to empirically analyze the impact of localization economies and urbanization economies on the labor productivity, RIETI’s R-JIP database, which provides high-quality data on 31 industries in 47 prefectures from 1994 to 2018, was used. We implement a panel co-integration test for non-stationary panel data, and estimate panel co-integration vectors.
 Results: As a result of the panel cointegration test, labor productivity by region in Japan has a long-term equilibrium relationship with the industrial specialization index and industrial diversity index. In the estimation result of the panel cointegration vector, In the case of manufacturing, localization economy improves labor productivity, but urbanization economies does not affect labor productivity. On the other hand, in the case of IT manufacturing, both localization and urbanization economies have a significant impact on improving labor productivity.
 Implications: It is necessary to strengthen manufacturing specialization (localization economies) in order to improve the productivity of regional manufacturing. In addition, in order to improve the productivity of the IT manufacturing, a policy to strengthen the localization economies is important, and in addition, a policy to expand the diversity of related industries.

Productivity effect of minimum wage in the manufacturing sector of Malaysia

This study measured the effectiveness of Malaysia's minimum wage by assessing the effect of minimum wage on productivity in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. Panel data covering a 10-year period were collected from 297 manufacturing firms in Peninsular Malaysia that were registered with the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) and analysed using static panel data regression to examine the effect of minimum wage on productivity. Panel data analysis revealed that the study's random effect model (REM) was the best model to describe the relationship between the minimum wage and productivity. The study found that the minimum wage improved labour productivity. Therefore, the minimum wage policy that was introduced in Malaysia under the Minimum Wage Order 2012 increased firms’ productivity. Increasing workers' wages motivated them to be more productive. This study's results are useful in highlighting to regulators, policymakers, manufacturing associations, employers, and workers the effects of the minimum wage. The implications of the findings will help improve the national minimum wage policy.

Research on the Impact of the Internet Economy on the Development of the Real Estate Industry

As a open platform, the Internet can enable users to successfully complete data exchange, so as to obtain the comprehensiveness and depth of information. Its initial large amount of investment has greatly improved labor productivity and technology, and its series of related institutional changes have a wide impact on the real estate market. As an important lever to drive and stabilize economic growth, real estate, under the influence of the internet economy, will be more closely integrated with e-commerce to seek more new opportunities and development. By leveraging network resources and advantages, developers can more conveniently promote their commercial housing and provide consulting services for buyers.

Impact of Industry 4.0 on Labor in Industrial Enterprises: Insights from Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

Thai Nguyen is a Northern midland and mountainous province in Vietnam, with 24.37% of Industrial enterprises making significant contributions to developing the socio-economic in Vietnam. Industry 4.0 has both positive and negative impacts on employees in Thai Nguyen Industrial enterprises. This paper examines the impacts of Industry 4.0 on employees in Industry enterprises by using secondary data during the time period 2013–2020. The results show that in the Industry 4.0, labors in Thai Nguyen’s Industrial enterprises have many new job opportunities, the chance to improve their qualifications, and skills, and improved labor productivity. But, the labors had many challenges such as increasing in inequality between groups of labors at different levels; creating a favorable business environment, and ensuring the harmony of interests for service business models, traditional service.