Improve Information Transmission Research Articles

Research on effective communication forms and characteristics of public service advertisements for nurturing parenting skills in China

This study is part of a larger research aimed at enhancing effective communication of parenting skills knowledge to Chinese parents. The purpose is to explore how to transform public service advertisements into effective training methods for Chinese parents by studying the media form, content expression, symbolic elements and other aspects of public service advertisements in China. This study documents the identification of effective communication characteristics of PSAs, in which advertisements in the form of cold and hot media have different sensory experience characteristics, their expressions of the central processing path, and the expression of the peripheral processing path of advertisements, which could be transformed to improve information transmission and are attractive to observers. The results found different characteristics in terms of language and nonverbal advertising content, which could create different effects on observers. This article mainly studies the different roles of different media forms, content expression, and symbolic elements in public service advertisements, as well as the communication effects of different forms of public service advertisements under different themes. The results have significant implications for developing a theoretical framework for the efficient dissemination of public service commercials and, consequently, for promoting happier families for developing children by improving parents' parenting knowledge.

Costly verification and commitment in persuasion

Misrepresentation of information is ubiquitous in communication, while verification is often costly. This paper studies the role of verification in persuasion and its interaction with commitment in a Bayesian persuasion framework in which the sender is not fully bound by the committed plan. Both theoretically and experimentally, we demonstrate that making verification easier can significantly improve information transmission when commitment is low, but its effect is limited when commitment is high. However, empirically receivers do not respond to commitment as strongly as predicted by theory, which is consistent with base-rate neglect and conservatism. On the other hand, senders generally anticipate receivers’ actions and best respond to the empirical behavior of receivers. Verification is instrumental in improving information transmission when the cost is not high, and commitment is low.

Research on Channel Characteristics and Electrode Electrical Performance of Earth Current Field Information Transmission Technology.

Starting from the need for emergency rescue information transmission in tunnel engineering accidents, this article focuses on researching and solving the technical problems of information transmission between rescue personnel and trapped personnel after tunnel engineering collapse accidents, before and during the rescue process. The research objects are the information transmission channel and grounding electrode in the earth current field information transmission technology, and the electromagnetic characteristics of the earth medium and the electrical performance of the grounding electrode are studied and analyzed using the electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell based on finite element algorithm, establish a three-dimensional model based on the transmission of current field information of the ground electrode, analyze the effects of the electrode array, electrode depth, and radius on impedance. Research has shown that the impedance of the earth is related to the resistivity of the medium and is not a human-controllable factor. To reduce the contact impedance of an electric dipole antenna, one should start with the contact impedance of the earth electrode. The impedance of the transmitting end is an important factor affecting the efficiency of information transmission; parallel connection of multiple grounding electrodes, increasing the depth of grounding electrode penetration into the soil layer, and increasing the radius between grounding electrode pairs are all effective methods to reduce the contact impedance of electric dipole antennas, thereby improving information transmission capacity. To achieve wireless information transmission through the stratum, by appropriately selecting the operating frequency of electromagnetic waves, a certain distance of signal transmission can be achieved.

Neural and axonal heterogeneity improves information transmission

The complexity of the brain lies in an intricate, not homogeneous structure; however, it is not clear how important is the heterogeneity at neural and structural levels and how it may play an important constituent in the brain’s functionality. Here we show the role of cellular and axonal delay heterogeneity in the brain’s performance. We simulated, at different scales, the spiking activity on a toroidal network realized in multiple dimensions with varying degrees of heterogeneity on a network of Izhikevich neuron models. We found that increasing the heterogeneity and network dimension improved the robustness and propagation speed of the spiking activity. Our results demonstrate that the behavior of the spiking activity depends on both the cellular neural and axonal delay heterogeneity. We developed a simple theoretical framework compatible with the results of the simulations, putting forward a novel method to strategically analyze any similar networks.

National Image Building During the Winter Olympics

The Olympic Games are a world-renowned sporting event, including the Winter Olympics and the Summer Olympics. Most countries in the world participate in them and show their national images. In this paper, we analyze the contents released by mainstream media and athletes during the Winter Olympic Games. We believe that different platforms and media constitute multiple information subjects, and the national image disseminated through those subjects is pretty influential. Among them, mainstream media, athletes, and self-media convey the national image presented in the media events of the Winter Olympics. Self-media makes the audience another information source, which improves information transmission by processing and creating information, so that the national image represented by the Winter Olympics and related information influence the audience in multiple directions. Overall, the communication mode of multiple subjects strengthens the audience's ability to perceive the national image and makes the audience accept the national image conveyed in the events by interaction, authority, and other ways.

Dendritic plateau potentials can process spike sequences across multiple time-scales

The brain constantly processes information encoded in temporal sequences of spiking activity. This sequential activity emerges from sensory inputs as well as from the brain's own recurrent connectivity and spans multiple dynamically changing timescales. Decoding the temporal order of spiking activity across these varying timescales is a critical function of the brain, but we do not yet understand its neural implementation. The problem is, that the passive dynamics of neural membrane potentials occur on a short millisecond timescale, whereas many cognitive tasks require the integration of information across much slower behavioral timescales. However, actively generated dendritic plateau potentials do occur on such longer timescales, and their essential role for many aspects of cognition has been firmly established by recent experiments. Here, we build on these discoveries and propose a new model of neural computation that emerges from the interaction of localized plateau potentials across a functionally compartmentalized dendritic tree. We show how this interaction offers a robust solution to the timing invariant detection and processing of sequential spike patterns in single neurons. Stochastic synaptic transmission complements the deterministic all-or-none plateau process and improves information transmission by allowing ensembles of neurons to produce graded responses to continuous combinations of features. We found that networks of such neurons can solve highly complex sequence detection tasks by breaking down long inputs into sequences of shorter, random features that can be classified reliably. These results suggest that active dendritic processes are fundamental to neural computation.

Passive Beamforming Design and DNN-Based Signal Detection in RIS-Assisted MIMO Systems With Generalized Spatial Modulation

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have recently gained significant attention as they enable controlling the wireless propagation environment to improve information transmission with the help of reflective elements. This paper studies a RIS-assisted generalized spatial modulation (GSM) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system to improve the signal quality and spectral efficiency. Due to inter-channel interference, signal detection in GSM becomes a critical issue. Therefore, we propose a low complexity block deep neural network (DNN) detector for the RIS-GSM MIMO system to detect the active antennas and the transmitted symbols at the receiver. In order to optimize the phase shifts at the RIS elements, we propose cosine similarity-based and semidefinite relaxation (SDR)-based algorithms. Further, conventional signal detectors such as maximum likelihood (ML), block zero-forcing (B-ZF), and block minimum mean square error (B-MMSE) are applied. In addition, we explore and analyze the performance of the proposed framework in terms of bit error rate (BER) and time complexity. Numerical results reveal that both optimize-phase-shifts algorithms assisted DNN signal detector has almost the same BER performance as ML, but it is four times faster than the linear detector (B-ZF and B-MMSE), and seven times faster than ML. Clearly, this scheme outperforms the alternative traditional signal detectors with the least time complexity.

Double-Staged Syndrome Coding Scheme for Improving Information Transmission Security over the Wiretap Channel

This paper presents a study of a syndrome coding scheme for different binary linear error correcting codes that refer to the code families such as BCH, BKLC, Golay, and Hamming. The study is implemented on Wyner’s wiretap channel model when the main channel is error-free and the eavesdropper channel is a binary symmetric channel with crossover error probability (0 < Pe ≤ 0.5) to show the security performance of error correcting codes while used in the single-staged syndrome coding scheme in terms of equivocation rate. Generally, these codes are not designed for secure information transmission, and they have low equivocation rates when they are used in the syndrome coding scheme. Therefore, to improve the transmission security when using these codes, a modified encoder which consists of a double-staged syndrome coding scheme, is proposed. Two models are implemented in this paper: the first model utilizes one encoding stage of the conventional syndrome coding scheme. In contrast, the second model utilizes two encoding stages of the syndrome coding scheme to improve the results obtained from the first model. The C++ programming language, in conjunction with the NTL library, is used for obtaining simulation results for the implemented models. The equivocation rate results from the second model were compared to both the results of the first model and of the unsecured transmission (transmission of data without encryption). The comparison revealed that the security performance of the second model is better than the first model and the insecure system, as the equivocation for all the simulated codes over the proposed model reaches at least %97 at the Pe = 0.1.

Обработка псевдослучайных сигналов в условиях помех неизвестной структуры

The role and importance of modern communication systems in ensuring the national secu-rity of the Russian Federation, including in the conditions of a special military operation to pro-tect the population of Donbass, is shown. The main requirements that modern communications must meet in everyday conditions and in the conduct of hostilities are named. The perspective direction of improvement of military communication systems is considered.
 A procedure for incoherent reception of pseudorandom signals with differential phase shift keying, when exposed to interference with an unknown structure, is proposed. The error proba-bility bound based on Chernov's inequality is found, which allows us to estimate the noise im-munity of reception under conditions of interference with an unknown structure.
 It is shown that in a complex interference situation, when the interference has an energy superiority over the signal, it is possible to ensure the necessary reliability of receiving the transmitted useful information. The prospect of applying the results obtained in the theory and practice of improving information transmission systems in power structures is indicated.

Обработка псевдослучайных сигналов в условиях помех неизвестной структуры

The role and importance of modern communication systems in ensuring the national secu-rity of the Russian Federation, including in the conditions of a special military operation to pro-tect the population of Donbass, is shown. The main requirements that modern communications must meet in everyday conditions and in the conduct of hostilities are named. The perspective direction of improvement of military communication systems is considered.
 A procedure for incoherent reception of pseudorandom signals with differential phase shift keying, when exposed to interference with an unknown structure, is proposed. The error proba-bility bound based on Chernov's inequality is found, which allows us to estimate the noise im-munity of reception under conditions of interference with an unknown structure.
 It is shown that in a complex interference situation, when the interference has an energy superiority over the signal, it is possible to ensure the necessary reliability of receiving the transmitted useful information. The prospect of applying the results obtained in the theory and practice of improving information transmission systems in power structures is indicated.

Behavioral Steganography in Social Networks

Recently, using human behavior to hide the existence of information has been at the center of steganography research. In this study, a behavioral steganography algorithm using CMI (Coded Signal Inversion) coding is proposed to minimize the high bit error rate that occurs when transmitting a large number of continuous and identical confidential information in the knapsack algorithm, which is used to improve information transmission efficiency and flexibility of transmission mode in social networks. In the proposed algorithm; Data redundancy is reduced by reducing the number of mutual friends of the sender and each receiver. Then, the proposed algorithm was applied and the results were analyzed. Experimental analysis shows that this scheme improves the practical value of behavioral steganography in social networks and has high security.

Population coding strategies in human tactile afferents.

Sensory information is conveyed by populations of neurons, and coding strategies cannot always be deduced when considering individual neurons. Moreover, information coding depends on the number of neurons available and on the composition of the population when multiple classes with different response properties are available. Here, we study population coding in human tactile afferents by employing a recently developed simulator of mechanoreceptor firing activity. First, we highlight the interplay of afferents within each class. We demonstrate that the optimal afferent density to convey maximal information depends on both the tactile feature under consideration and the afferent class. Second, we find that information is spread across different classes for all tactile features and that each class encodes both redundant and complementary information with respect to the other afferent classes. Specifically, combining information from multiple afferent classes improves information transmission and is often more efficient than increasing the density of afferents from the same class. Finally, we examine the importance of temporal and spatial contributions, respectively, to the joint spatiotemporal code. On average, destroying temporal information is more destructive than removing spatial information, but the importance of either depends on the stimulus feature analyzed. Overall, our results suggest that both optimal afferent innervation densities and the composition of the population depend in complex ways on the tactile features in question, potentially accounting for the variety in which tactile peripheral populations are assembled in different regions across the body.

A new (w, t, n)-weighted threshold quantum secret sharing scheme based on two-qubit system

The weighted threshold structure of secret sharing has important application values in the hierarchical organization. In order to satisfy the actual needs of participants with different authority, only using single-particle transform of Bell state, we construct a new (w, t, n)-weighted threshold quantum secret sharing scheme in the two-qubit system based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem. The paper can share not only classical information but also quantum state information. Compared with the existing threshold schemes, the proposed scheme can greatly improve information transmission capacity by employing two-qubit entangled Bell state. Furthermore, the security analysis shows that our scheme cannot only detect a series of typical external attacks but resist forgery and collusion attacks.

A DFB Laser With Integrated Passive Region Suitable for PAM-4 Modulation Signal

Numerous studies have shown that the use of PAM-4 modulation format for DFB lasers with integrated passive regions (DFB IPE lasers) can greatly improve information transmission capabilities. In this paper, it is found by theoretical analysis that a passive waveguide can reduce the photon concentration and injection current in the cavity under the same output optical power. The DFB IPE laser has large saturated optical power and slope efficiency, which reduces the distortion of the electro-optical conversion of the PAM-4 signal. A DFB IPE laser was fabricated with a total cavity length and passive waveguide length of 130 um and 40 um, respectively. The saturation output power, slope efficiency, and modulation bandwidth of this laser are 23.5 mW (61 mA), 0.41 W/A, 22 GHz, respectively. The relative intensity noise is also below −145 dB/Hz. Besides, we have verified the high temperature working capability of this laser in a 40 Gbps PAM-4 signal back-to-back (BTB) transmission system. When the signal peak-to-peak voltage is 750 mV, a clear eye diagram with an eye height of 196 mV is obtained at 343 K.

Crowd counting in complex scenes based on an attention aware CNN network

Crowd counting with density estimation has been an active research community due to its significant applications in the fields of public security, video surveillance, traffic monitoring. However, Crowd counting for congested scenes often suffers from some obstacles including severe occlusions, large scale variations, noise interference, etc. In this paper, using the first ten layers of a modified VGG16 and dilated convolution layers as the framework, we have proposed a CNN based crowd counting and density estimation model improved by the attention aware modules with residual connections. To tackle the problem of noise interference, convolutional block attention modules have been introduced into the deep network to segment the foreground and background to focus on interest information, refining deeper features of the input image. To improve information transmission and reuse, residual connections are utilized to link 3 attention blocks. Meanwhile, dilated convolution layers keep larger reception fields and obtain high-resolution density maps. The proposed method has been evaluated on three public benchmarks, i.e. Shanghai Tech A & B, UCF-QNRF and MALL, achieving the mean absolute errors of 64.6 & 8.3, 113.8 and 1.68, respectively. The results outperform some existing excellent approaches. This indicates that the proposed model has high accuracy and better robustness, which is suitable for crowd counting and density estimation in various congested scenes.

Research on distributed beamforming synchronization technology in inter-satellite link system

Limited by satellite load and carrying capacity, it is difficult for inter-satellite link systems to improve information transmission capabilities by increasing power and antenna size like traditional terrestrial communication systems. Satellite communication payload power has always been an important limitation of long-distance communication performance. In order to improve the satellite’s long-distance communication capability and comprehensively consider the characteristics of Doppler frequency changes in the satellite environment, we propose a cooperative communication algorithm based on weak bit feedback. This algorithm can realize the time and space focusing of the beams emitted by multiple distributed satellite nodes at the destination node, and improve the performance of satellite long-distance communication. This paper simulates the above algorithm based on STK/Matlab software. The simulation results show that the weak bit feedback algorithm has stronger adaptability, faster convergence speed and higher synthesis efficiency under different channel changes. The algorithm is simple and easy to implement, and is suitable for the inter-satellite link environment with many satellite nodes and high scalability. Finally, we conducted hardware experimental verification, analyzed the signal flow of each module in the hardware, and tested it on the USRP software radio platform. The test results show that it is a feasible solution to realize distributed satellite node cooperative communication based on the weak bit feedback algorithm.

Synchronous inhibitory pathways create both efficiency and diversity in the retina

Sensory receptive fields combine features that originate in different neural pathways. Retinal ganglion cell receptive fields compute intensity changes across space and time using a peripheral region known as the surround, a property that improves information transmission about natural scenes. The visual features that construct this fundamental property have not been quantitatively assigned to specific interneurons. Here, we describe a generalizable approach using simultaneous intracellular and multielectrode recording to directly measure and manipulate the sensory feature conveyed by a neural pathway to a downstream neuron. By directly controlling the gain of individual interneurons in the circuit, we show that rather than transmitting different temporal features, inhibitory horizontal cells and linear amacrine cells synchronously create the linear surround at different spatial scales and that these two components fully account for the surround. By analyzing a large population of ganglion cells, we observe substantial diversity in the relative contribution of amacrine and horizontal cell visual features while still allowing individual cells to increase information transmission under the statistics of natural scenes. Established theories of efficient coding have shown that optimal information transmission under natural scenes allows a diverse set of receptive fields. Our results give a mechanism for this theory, showing how distinct neural pathways synthesize a sensory computation and how this architecture both generates computational diversity and achieves the objective of high information transmission.

NATO’s sub-conventional deterrence: The case of Russian violations of the Estonian airspace

ABSTRACT The question of how to deter sub-conventional activities—characterized by a limited role for the use of force—is one of the biggest puzzles in security studies. A way forward might be to use an enduring rivalry conflict management framework and to focus on findings from criminology. As the case study of 56 Estonian airspace violations suggests, executing sub-conventional deterrence is not an easy task to achieve. NATO’s deterrence success remains elusive, because there is no consistency in responding to these violations and no meaningful punishment. Yet many changes in frequency, intensity, and volatility of Russian intrusions over the last two decades indicate that a successful dissuasion, if not de-escalation, is still possible. To achieve that, NATO needs to improve information transmission, define its deterrence goals more narrowly, impose group-level costs, and implement dynamic deterrence mechanisms offering alternative modes of behavior.

LT Codes with Double Encoding Matrix Reorder Physical Layer Secure Transmission

In traditional wireless sensor networks, information transmission usually uses data encryption methods to prevent information from being stolen illegally. However, once the encryption methods are leaked, eavesdropping nodes can easily obtain information. LT codes are rateless codes; if it is attacked by random channel noise, the decoding process will change and the decoding overhead will also randomly change. When it is used for physical layer communication of wireless sensor networks, it ensures that the destination node recovers all the information without adding the key, while the eavesdropping node can only obtain part of the information to achieve wireless information security transmission. To reduce the intercept efficiency of eavesdropping nodes, a physical layer security (PLS) method of LT codes with double encoding matrix reorder (DEMR-LT codes) is proposed. This method performs two consecutive LT code concatenated encoding on the source symbol, and part of the encoding matrix is reordered according to the degree value of each column from large to small, which reduces the probability of eavesdropping nodes recovering the source information. Experimental results show that compared with other LT code PLS schemes, DEMR-LT codes only increase the decoding overhead by a small amount. However, it can effectively reduce the intercept efficiency of eavesdropping nodes and improve information transmission security.

Построение и анализ модели передачи в соте 5G в виде двухфазной системы массового обслуживания с учетом механизма предсказания повторной передачи

The mechanism of early channel adaptation based on e-HARQ (early Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) prediction for the downlink of a mobile network, which solves the problem of improving information transmission characteristics, is studied. The model is a two-phase queuing system (QS). In the QS, at the first phase, the prediction process with the possibility of relaying is modeled, and at the second phase, the process of message processing by the user terminal based on the HARQ physical layer protocol is considered. The HARQ protocol in the 5G network provides the transmitter with an acknowledgment message ACK in case of successful decoding of the packet, and NACK in case of error. Its main disadvantage is the limitation on RTT (Round Trip Time) - the time interval between the initial and retransmission processes. Numerical analysis of the obtained probabilistic-temporal characteristics (PTCR) is carried out. At the first stage, the transition probabilities were found by modeling the link layer of the 5G network. Obtaining realistic values for the transition probabilities allows using this analytical model to analyze and optimize existing e-HARQ prediction schemes. Next, a simulation complex was developed to check the correctness of the analytical model.