Improve Food Security Research Articles

Piloting Home Produce Delivery to Improve Food Security, Budget, and Diet in Families with Children: A Mixed-Methods Study

BackgroundFew children in food insecure (FI) households meet dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetables (“produce”). Barriers include affordability, accessibility, and desirability. Home produce delivery may reduce FI, increase produce consumption, and decrease budget tradeoffs. ObjectiveEvaluate the acceptability and potential impact of delivering produce through home visiting programs on FI, diet, and budget tradeoffs. MethodsIn this prospective pre/post mixed methods study, 51 parents engaged in home visiting programs were enrolled. Participants completed pre- and post-program surveys on FI (18-item Food Security Scale), produce consumption, and budget tradeoffs. Pre- and post-surveys were compared using McNemar’s test and weighted kappas. Interview guides were based on Social Cognitive Theory and a previously published framework. Interviews were conducted in English or Spanish; thematic analysis was completed. ResultsTwenty-nine (56.9%) participants completed both surveys. Most were female (96.3%) and Hispanic (79.3%) (Table 1). Food security improved in the post-period, with more participants reporting high food security (pre: 6.9%, post: 31.0%) and fewer reporting very low food security (pre: 20.7%, post: 6.9%, P<0.01) (Table 2). Budgetary tradeoffs decreased in the post-program period (pre: 71.4%, post: 48.1%, P = 0.03). Fifteen participants were interviewed. Themes included 1) saved money, 2) increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and 3) interest in future participation. ConclusionThis pilot study found that an intervention for delivery of produce through home visiting programs was acceptable to participants and resulted in potential improvements in FI and household budgets. This supports future studies to further explore the impact of this novel intervention.

Can Cashew Value Chain Industry Improve Food Security: An Empirical Study from The Gambia

Can Cashew Value Chain Industry Improve Food Security: An Empirical Study from The Gambia

Wheat genetic resources have avoided disease pandemics, improved food security, and reduced environmental footprints: A review of historical impacts and future opportunities.

The use of plant genetic resources (PGR)-wild relatives, landraces, and isolated breeding gene pools-has had substantial impacts on wheat breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, while increasing nutritional value, end-use quality, and grain yield. In the Global South, post-Green Revolution genetic yield gains are generally achieved with minimal additional inputs. As a result, production has increased, and millions of hectares of natural ecosystems have been spared. Without PGR-derived disease resistance, fungicide use would have easily doubled, massively increasing selection pressure for fungicide resistance. It is estimated that in wheat, a billion liters of fungicide application have been avoided just since 2000. This review presents examples of successful use of PGR including the relentless battle against wheat rust epidemics/pandemics, defending against diseases that jump species barriers like blast, biofortification giving nutrient-dense varieties and the use of novel genetic variation for improving polygenic traits like climate resilience. Crop breeding genepools urgently need to be diversified to increase yields across a range of environments (>200 Mha globally), under less predictable weather and biotic stress pressure, while increasing input use efficiency. Given that the ~0.8 m PGR in wheat collections worldwide are relatively untapped and massive impacts of the tiny fraction studied, larger scale screenings and introgression promise solutions to emerging challenges, facilitated by advanced phenomic and genomic tools. The first translocations in wheat to modify rhizosphere microbiome interaction (reducing biological nitrification, reducing greenhouse gases, and increasing nitrogen use efficiency) is a landmark proof of concept. Phenomics and next-generation sequencing have already elucidated exotic haplotypes associated with biotic and complex abiotic traits now mainstreamed in breeding. Big data from decades of global yield trials can elucidate the benefits of PGR across environments. This kind of impact cannot be achieved without widescale sharing of germplasm and other breeding technologies through networks and public-private partnerships in a pre-competitive space.

Small-Scale Irrigation: Improving Food Security under Changing Climate and Water Resource Conditions in Ethiopia

Small-Scale Irrigation: Improving Food Security under Changing Climate and Water Resource Conditions in Ethiopia

Evaluating the Impact of Home Economics Teachers' Entrepreneurial Activities on Family Economic Stability and Well-Being in Northeast Nigeria

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial activities of Home Economics teachers on family economic stability and well-being in Northeast Nigeria. Home Economics, as a field, encompasses various disciplines such as nutrition, home management, and consumer education, aiming to improve the quality of life for individuals and families. In Northeast Nigeria, Home Economics teachers often engage in entrepreneurial activities, leveraging their expertise to supplement their income and enhance their families' economic stability. This study evaluates the extent to which these entrepreneurial endeavors contribute to family income, food security, and overall quality of life. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from Home Economics teachers across Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe states. A sample of 200 teachers was selected through multistage sampling. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data, including paired samples t-tests and W-statistics to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial activities significantly enhance family economic stability and well-being. Teachers engaged in ventures such as catering, textile and fashion businesses, and home management consultancy experienced notable improvements in family income, food security, and overall quality of life. The study underscores the importance of supporting entrepreneurial initiatives among Home Economics teachers to foster economic resilience and social development in the region. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and community leaders to integrate entrepreneurial education within the Home Economics curriculum, thereby promoting sustainable development in Northeast Nigeria.

Examining Food Security, Fruit and Vegetable Intake, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Outcomes of Produce Prescription (PPR) Programs: A Systematic Review

Outcomes from produce prescription (PPR) programs, an exemplar of a Food is Medicine intervention, have not been synthesized. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to examine the impact of PPR programs on food security, fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, and/or cardiovascular risk factors (HbA1c, blood pressure, and blood lipids). Searches were conducted across three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science). Eligible studies were published between August 2012 and April 2023, conducted in the US in child/family, or adult populations, written in English and had a PPR program as an exposure. Food security, FV intake, and/or cardiovascular risk factors. Twenty studies ranging from a duration of between 6 weeks to 24 months were included. Of the 5 studies (3 in child/family and 4 in adult populations) that analyzed changes in food security status, all reported significant (P < 0.05) improvements after the PPR program. Approximately half of the included studies found significant (P < 0.05) increases in fruit, vegetable, and/or FV intake. Only studies in adult populations included cardiovascular risk factor outcomes. In these studies, mixed findings were reported; however, there were significant (P < 0.05) improvements in HbA1c when PPR programs enrolled individuals with type 2 diabetes. PPR programs provide an opportunity to improve food security in child/family, and adult populations. Evidence to support whether PPR programs increase FV intake and improve cardiovascular disease risk factors outside of HbA1c in adult populations with high HbA1c upon enrollment is less known.

Initiatives and exposures associated with food security in remote and isolated communities: a scoping review.

Chronic household food insecurity (HFI) and lack of food availability and accessibility in isolated communities are longstanding public health crises. This review aims to paint a more fulsome picture of food security initiatives in remote and isolated communities by examining programs across circumpolar countries, Australia, and Aotearoa New Zealand. This synthesis of research will contribute to an understanding of what types of initiatives exist and aid in the identification of best practices. The authors conducted a scoping review identifying articles that include either (1) an evaluation of an initiative with a quantitative food security outcome in remote and isolated communities, or (2) quantitative associations between exposure factors with food security outcomes. Inclusion criteria included English and French articles focused on remote and isolated communities in Canada, the US, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Greenland, and Russia from January 1997 to July 2022. The article search yielded 1882 results, of which 96 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 26 studies evaluating initiatives, 66 studies evaluating exposure factors, and four studies that included both initiatives and exposure factors. The majority of the studies included in this review were conducted in Canada and Australia. No initiative studies conducted in Russia, Greenland, Norway, Finland, or Sweden fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in this review. The most common types of initiatives evaluated included school-based programs, market subsidies, and education initiatives, though a small number (<5) of other programs were evaluated, including traditional food programs and greenhouses. Though multiple programs resulted in lower food costs or increases in healthy food consumption in remote regions, the cost of a healthy diet in these areas remained high, as do levels of HFI. Factors associated with improved food security outcomes included higher income level, access to adequate housing, higher education level, access to transportation for harvesting, and the level of remoteness of a community. The studies included in this review also stressed the importance of access to and affordability of harvesting traditional foods in these regions. Those living in remote and isolated communities are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity and lack of access and availability of healthy foods, which are compounded by a variety of socioeconomic factors. This study highlights the lack of quantitative evaluations of food security initiatives in remote and isolated communities, as well as the wide variety in measured outcomes. Authors of several of the included articles note that community-led initiatives, with strong partnerships and local champions, were recommended in these populations, given the culturally and geographically diverse groups living in remote and isolated areas.

Participation in livestock-based interventions and its impact on food security in Bangladesh: A quasi-experimental method

Livestock-based interventions play a critical role in enhancing food security in developing countries like Bangladesh, contributing to enhanced livestock productivity, improved household income, ensured food security, women's empowerment, livelihoods advancement, and positioning agriculture as a catalyst for economic growth. The study specifically examines the impact of the livestock and dairy development project (LDDP) intervention on food security in rural livestock farming households in Bangladesh. We gathered data, we are employing simple random sampling, and collecting 180 cross-sectional primary data from both LDDP participants and non-participants. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and propensity score matching approaches were utilized to achieve our research objectives. Livestock farming households with LDDP participants exhibited higher food security, with beneficiaries surpassing non-participants by 52 % and 40 %, respectively. The mean per capita calorie intake for LDDP participant households was 1966.134 (Kcal), whereas non-participant households recorded 1762.130 (Kcal). The results demonstrate that LDDP intervention significantly and positively impacts food security, women's empowerment, household welfare, and income. These interventions have the potential to enhance nutrition and boost household income, thereby contributing to the stability of food security. Consequently, we recommended an expansion of LDDP intervention, encompassing less resourceful farmers with adequate logistical support. This study illustrates how employing propensity score matching method (PSM) and implementing the LDDP intervention can effectively improve food security in livestock farming households in Bangladesh.

Empowerment of the Urban Poor in Improving Food Security (Case Study: Development of Juma Cindai Garden in Cinta Damai Village)

Empowerment of the Urban Poor in Improving Food Security (Case Study: Development of Juma Cindai Garden in Cinta Damai Village)

The Effect of Improving Human Resources for Student Interest in Selecting University on Food Security and Health: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)

The selection of State Universities by students has a significant impact on improving the quality of human resources, so it can also affect the improvement of food security and health. This study aims to understand the extent of students' interest in selecting university which contributes to improving human resources and can indirectly affect food security and health. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method to analyze the interaction between latent variables. Data was collected through questionnaires from high school students on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border. The data used in this study include students' interest in selecting university (Y), education and knowledge (X1), skills and abilities (X2), food security (X3), and health (X4). The results showed that students' interest in selecting university had a significant correlation with improving human resources through education by 90% (X1) and 84% (X2). The impact of this increase in human resources is also seen in the improvement of food security and public health which provides a correlation of 98% (X3) and 81% (X4).

IMPLEMENTASI UU NO. 18 TAHUN 2012 TERHADAP PERAN DINAS KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI DI DESA KEDUNG DALEM KECAMATAN DRINGU KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO

Agriculture and food security are two important aspects in state development, which do not only focus on meeting people's food needs, but also on improving the welfare of the main actors, namely farmers. To optimize these two aspects, the Indonesian government issued Law no. 18 of 2012 concerning Food. This law provides the legal basis for implementing policies aimed at improving food security and farmer welfare. Food is one of the places to develop District Government Policy in supporting food availability, and what innovations have been implemented by the Kedung Dalem Village government in advancing the food sector in its village. It is hoped that Village Government policies can provide new innovations, or new ideas that are able to provide progress for food in developing the food sector. Kedung Dalem Village was chosen as the research location because it has quite large agricultural potential and represents the real problems faced by farmers at the local level. A deep understanding of food law enforcement at the village level is key to designing policies that are more effective and responsive to farmers' needs.

Determinants of adoption of urban agriculture (UA) as climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and its impact on food security: evidence from Wolaita Sodo city, South Ethiopia

BackgroundClimate change is one of humanity's biggest problems. CSA offers a once-in-a-lifetime chance to adapt to global climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. UA can improve food security by providing affordable, nutritious alternatives to commercially produced food, especially for economically disadvantaged people. This study examined the factors influencing the adoption of UA as CSA practices, as well as their effects on food security in Wolaita Sodo City, South Ethiopia.MethodsData was collected from primary and secondary sources, both qualitative and quantitative form. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 384 randomly chosen urban households through surveys/interviews, focus group conversations, and observation. The percentage and mean differences between UA adopters and non-adopters were calculated using the chi-square test and t-test. A propensity score matching (PSM) model assessed UA's impact on food security. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors influencing adoption of UA as CSA practice in the study area.ResultsThe descriptive analysis showed that 53.53% of respondents used UA. Statistics showed the existence of a significant mean differences between adopters and non-adopters in employment level, UA attitudes, and household size. Logit model computations showed that family size, home ownership, the household head's occupation, perceptions of UA, market demand, and access to training and support influenced UA adoption as a climate-smart farming practice.ConclusionsAs per the study's findings, there could be a correlation between specific factors and the adoption of UA as CSA in the studied area. The PSM study confirmed that UA deployment significantly improves food security. UA adoption increased food security by 0.685-fold. The report recommends that municipal education offices, UA offices, and cooperative offices create an integrated functional adult education programme for urbanites. Since UA is vital to fighting food insecurity, it suggests increasing support for cooperative entities.

Overcoming Infrastructure Challenges to Unlock Food Security in Rural Indonesia

General Background: Food security is a critical issue in rural areas, especially in developing countries, where sustainable agricultural practices and government support play a vital role in ensuring a stable food supply. Specific Background: In Sumorame Village, Candi District, Sidoarjo Regency, the local government has implemented a food security program aimed at improving agricultural productivity and community welfare. Knowledge Gap: Despite the program's significance, little is known about the specific factors influencing its success, particularly in the context of rural governance and local agricultural conditions. Aims: This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the food security program in Sumorame Village, focusing on four key factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Results: The findings reveal that communication between the village government, farmers, and community groups has been effective through targeted socialization efforts. Human resources are competent, with strong collaboration among farmer groups. Financial resources have been allocated in accordance with regulations, but physical infrastructure remains inadequate due to limited agricultural land, unfavorable geographical conditions, and suboptimal hydroponic yields. Disposition among stakeholders is positive, with high commitment observed. The bureaucratic structure has been functioning in accordance with established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Novelty: This study highlights the importance of resource optimization, particularly in agricultural infrastructure, and stresses the need for improved technological integration to enhance program outcomes. Implications: The results suggest that strengthening communication and addressing physical resource limitations are crucial for improving food security program effectiveness in rural areas. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance rural food security initiatives. Highlights: Communication is crucial for successful food security program implementation. Infrastructure limitations present significant challenges to agricultural productivity. Collaboration and commitment among stakeholders enhance program effectiveness. Keywords: Food security, rural governance, agricultural infrastructure, communication, resource optimization

Combating Soil Drought in Maize (Zea mays L.): Genetic-Engineering Strategies for Drought Tolerant Varieties

Drought is the global challenge of crop agriculture across the globe. The detrimental effect of drought hinders a significant growth and development impairment leading to devastating harvest losses. Maize, a vital staple for food faces future challenges with a rapidly expanding drought area. To address this challenge, scientists and breeders are urged to develop new varieties that are not only resistant or tolerant but also even potentially thrive under drought planting conditions. New breeding technologies involving molecular biology and biotechnology have been developed and implemented thus offering a promising solution. Genetic engineering has allowed humans to straightforwardly transfer beneficial genes across species and varieties, thus deliberating gene pool transfer of similar species and varieties. Furthermore, this technology has evolved to the level of creation, deletion, or modification of existing alleles with high precision through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. This review article delves into the morpho-physiology, biochemical, and molecular responses of maize varieties against drought stress. It subsequently explores how genetic engineering has been utilized to optimize the selected genes underlying those responses. By exploring the current progress of genetic engineering, this article aims to prepare the ground for future advancement in combating drought through drought-tolerant maize varieties. Thus, this review article has the potential to contribute to improving food security in the increasing drought challenges.

Analisa Tingkat Keberhasilan Program Taman Gizi Dikampung Yoboi Kabupaten Jayapura Berdasarkan Indikator Ketahanan Pangan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The Nutrition Garden Program in Yoboi Village, Jayapura Regency, aims to enhance the accessibility and availability of nutritious food within the community, as part of efforts to achieve the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG): ending hunger and improving food security. This study aims to analyze the success rate of the program based on relevant food security indicators and identify factors influencing community participation in the program. The research methodology includes the collection of primary data through in-depth interviews with local residents and quantitative surveys, as well as secondary data from reports, official documents, and related literature. A comparative analysis with similar programs in other regions was also conducted to obtain a more comprehensive overview. The results of the study indicate that the Nutrition Garden Program has made a positive contribution to improving the accessibility and availability of nutritious food for the residents of Yoboi Village. Participants in the program reported an increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruits produced in their home gardens. Additionally, the program has raised awareness about the importance of balanced nutrition and healthy eating habits among the community. However, several challenges have led to a decline in community participation in the program after the Covid-19 pandemic. Identified factors include a lack of sustained support from local authorities, limited resources, and shifts in community priorities post-pandemic. This study provides recommendations to enhance the program's effectiveness through increased socialization, regular training, adequate resource provision, and closer collaboration with relevant stakeholders. In conclusion, despite the challenges, the Nutrition Garden Program has significant potential in supporting food security achievements in Yoboi Village. By implementing the given recommendations, the program is expected to operate more effectively and sustainably, thereby maximizing community participation.

The Effect of Ecological and Physiological Adaptation of Food Crops on Food Security in the Banyumas Highlands Region

This study aims to analyze the influence of ecological and physiological adaptations of food crops on food security in the highland area of Banyumas Regency. The research area includes Baturaden, Kedungbanteng, and Cilongok Districts, which are known to have a surplus of rice food reserves. Ecological adaptation includes how food crops adapt to specific environmental conditions at high altitudes, while physiological adaptation includes plant responses to factors such as temperature, humidity, and soil type. The data used in this study came from the Central Statistics Agency of Banyumas Regency in 2021. The results show that food accessibility, measured through physical and social access, has a significant correlation with food security. Physical and social access were significantly correlated with food security, with significance values of 0.046 and 0.017, respectively. The study concluded that the ecological and physiological adaptations of food crops play an important role in supporting food security in the Banyumas highlands, and that increased physical and social accessibility can improve food security stability in the region. Local governments need to focus on providing facilities and infrastructure that support food accessibility to ensure sustainable food security in the highlands.

Serving up FLAN. a food literacy and nutrition intervention to fend off food insecurity

BackgroundFood insecurity, an ongoing and accelerating problem in the U.S., is an economic and social condition involving limited or uncertain access to adequate food. Some of the highest rates of food insecurity in 2022 were found among individuals who were Hispanic/Latinx (20.8%), a population that already faces disproportionate health and socioeconomic disadvantages. There remains an urgent health-related need to identify sustainable strategies to prevent food insecurity in the Latinx population.MethodsA first-generation pilot investigation was conducted using data derived from a sub-study connected to the Computerized Physical Activity Support for Seniors (COMPASS) Trial, a 12-month cluster-randomized controlled trial among older Latinx adults. The sub-study focused on two nutrition interventions that included (1) the Food Literacy and Nutrition (FLAN) curriculum, and (2) a nutrition information-only control. Research hypotheses aimed to determine whether the FLAN intervention reduced food insecurity and increased daily fruit and vegetable servings.ResultsOn average, participants (n = 39) were 61.5 years of age (SD = 6.7), mostly female (69%), and reported Spanish as their primary language (69%). The FLAN intervention was associated with decreased odds of food insecurity at 12 months (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.95; p = 0.03) when compared to the nutrition-information only control intervention. Although no between-group differences in daily fruit and vegetable servings were found, there was a significant correlation between changes in daily fruit and vegetable servings from baseline to six months and changes in food insecurity from baseline to 12 months (r = -0.51, p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe FLAN intervention, a bilingual and culturally tailored educational curriculum, yielded 12-month improvements in food security among a small sample of older Latinx adults. Evidence from this investigation highlights the potential utility of implementing the FLAN curriculum among individuals who are at an increased risk of food insecurity. Further investigation in a larger sample is merited to determine whether the 12-month decreases in food insecurity that were produced by the FLAN intervention can be replicated.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials gov Identifier: NCT02111213. Registered on 04/02/2014.

The past, present and future developments in mariculture in the coastal waters of mainland Tanzania

AbstractMarine coastal resources are crucial to Tanzania's socio‐economic development and are a lifeline for the livelihoods and incomes of coastal communities. This study provides an overview of the coastal development of mariculture in mainland Tanzania and suggests future development strategies. The review article covers extensive reports available through field interviews, government policy documents, library literature searches and field work carried out by the authors. Despite the immense potential of mariculture to improve food security for localcommunities, its development has been uneven. Specifically only seaweed farming has advanced to commercial‐scale production. Other mariculture activities, such as finfish farming (e.g. milkfish, silver pompano), shellfish farming (e.g. prawn, mud crab and half‐pearl) and sea cucumber farming, are underdeveloped and confined to small‐scale operations. Locally consumed finfish, such as milkfish and pompano, have not attracted investors out of fear that the recovery of investment may not be achieved due to the low prices offered in the market. In this context, the sustainable use of coastal resources through mariculture becomes paramount to alleviating poverty and facilitating controlled migration from rural to urban. This comprehensive review explores the historical evolution and current status of mariculture initiatives in the coastal waters of mainland Tanzania, which presents a crucial aspect of the socio‐economic development of the nation. With declining global capture fisheries production and a growing demand for fish protein, Tanzania has strategically embraced mariculture as a viable alternative. The article traced the development of mariculture since the 1970s, highlighting past and current initiatives managed by government agencies, non‐government organizations and the private sector. Notable successes, such as seaweed culture, are highlighted along with the challenges that hinder the growth of marine farming activities. The review integrates insights from a comprehensive survey in coastal Tanzania, focusing on mariculture activities and collecting information on people who have stopped such practices, elucidating reasons for quitting. By consolidating experiences from past and present mariculture initiatives, this review provides valuable guidance for decision‐making towards promoting sustainable mariculture that supports coastal communities while preserving marine biodiversity.

Fortified whole grains and whole blends: A timely food systems shift

Grains are central to food systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their predominant consumption in refined form contributes to the double burden of malnutrition and wastes precious food and natural resources in a world challenged by growing food insecurity and accelerating climate change and biodiversity loss. Shifting consumption from refined grain foods to fortified whole grain and whole blend foods can improve food security and make diets healthier. This would also make food systems more efficient and resilient, and help mitigate the food crisis. School meal programs and other institutional and safety net markets offer the best entry points to initiate this necessary shift in food systems within LMICs.

Surgical Outcomes and Sociodemographic Disparities Across All Races: An ACS-NSQIP and NHIS Multi-Institutional Analysis of Over 7.5 Million Patients.

This study aims to fill the gap in large-scale, registry-based assessments by examining postoperative outcomes across diverse races/ethnicities. The focus is on identifying disparities and comparing them with socioeconomic demographics. In a registry-based cohort study using the 2008 to 2020 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, we evaluated 24 postoperative outcomes through multivariable analysis, incorporating 28 preoperative risk factors. In a separate, independent analysis of the 2019 to 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) database, we examined sociodemographic racial/ethnic normative data. Among 7,504,734 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Improvement Database patients specifying race, 83.8% were White (WT), 11.8% Black or African American (B/AA), 3.3% Asian (AS), 0.7% American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (NH/PI), 7.3% Hispanic. Reoperation trends reveal favorable outcomes for WT, AS, and NH/PI patients compared with B/AA and AI/AN patients. AI/AN patients exhibit higher rates of wound healing issues, while AS patients experience lower rates. AS and B/AA patients are more prone to transfusions, with B/AA patients showing elevated rates of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, renal failure, and insufficiency. Disparities in discharge destinations exist. Hispanic patients fare better than non-WT Hispanic patients, contingent on race. Racial groups (excluding Hispanic patients) with superior surgical outcomes from the NSQIP analysis were found in the NHIS analysis to report higher wealth, better healthcare access, improved food security, greater functional and societal independence, and lower frailty. Our study underscores racial disparities in surgical outcomes. Focused investigations into these complications could reveal underlying causes, informing healthcare policies to enhance surgical care universally.