Improved Corrosion Resistance Research Articles

Corrosion and degradation behavior of MCSTE-Processed AZ31 magnesium alloy

This study aims to investigate the impact of multi-channel spiral twist extrusion (MCSTE) on the corrosion and degradation properties of biodegradable AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn, wt.%) magnesium alloy. Square AZ31 billets were processed using route C-MCSTE (with a 180° rotation between passes) at 250°C and with a ram speed of 10 mm/min for up to 8 passes. The extrusion process was conducted via dies with twist angles of 30° and 40°. The microstructural changes and grain size distribution in the alloy were determined with a Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Electron Backscatter Diffraction. Electrochemical tests were conducted in a simulated body fluid to model the environment in which medical implants operate. The mechanical properties of the alloy were tested before and after processing using compression tests. The billets processed with a 30° twist angle demonstrated superior mechanical and corrosion resistance compared to those processed with a 40° die. A 66% reduction in grain size was found in billets processed for 4 passes using the 30°-die as compared to the as-annealed condition. Billets processed for 4 and 8 passes showed ultimate compressive strength improvements of 23% and 31%, respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. The 8-pass processed sample using the 30° twist ring die showed 76% improvement in the corrosion rate compared to the as-annealed state. Furthermore, billets processed for 4 passes showed corrosion resistance and ultimate compressive strength improvements of 108% and 23%; respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. These findings imply that the developed MCSTE process can be adopted for industrial use, especially in the manufacturing of biodegradable magnesium alloys for medical implants.

Dual phase reinforced CuCrZr alloy: Synergistic improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance via metallic glass and rare earth oxides

Dual phase reinforced CuCrZr alloy: Synergistic improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance via metallic glass and rare earth oxides

Influences of multi-pass friction stir alloying on characterization of AZ91D alloy-based dual reinforcement bio-ceramic nano-composites.

In current study, microstructural, mechanical and corrosion behaviour were investigated with incorporation of dual reinforced AZ91D surface composites. This research was carried out for enhancement of the bio-degradability in biological environment. The surface composites were successfully fabricated by friction stir processing method with a rotation speed of 800 rpm, travel speed of 80 mm/min and 2.5° tilt angle at multi-passes. The surface properties were characterized via optical, SEM, EDS, XRD and EBSD techniques. The microstructure showed that the reinforcements were equally distributed into the surface matrix after 3-passes for sets of composites. After 3-passes FSP average grain diameter of the composite C (1.61 μm) was smaller than that of composite A (1.86 μm) and composite B (1.63 μm), because of the strong shear deformation and generated friction heat, which occurred via dynamic recrystallization between grains in the processed zones. The microhardness of Composite C (162 Hv) has a higher than the composite A (125.2 Hv) and composite B (146.2 Hv). The ultimate tensile strength of composite A (152.7 MPa) was greater than that of composite B (133 MPa) and composite C (111.3 MPa). Furthermore, the corrosion resistance at 7, 15 and 30 days of immersion of composite C was higher than that of composite A and composite B, because of the domino effects and better bio-mineralization with the addition of Y2O3 and ZrO2 particles. The typically worn surface revealed reduced deep pits, pits and cracks due to better ionization of the hydrogen generated during immersion. Finally, this research was carried out for treatment of bone defects and fractures as well as improving corrosion resistance of the mg-containing biocompatible implants.

Exploring Marine Biomineralization on the Al-Mg Alloy as a Natural Process for In Situ LDH Growth to Improve Corrosion Resistance.

This study provides a detailed characterization of the AA5083 aluminum alloy, surface, and interface over 6 months of immersion in seawater, employing techniques such as SEM/EDX, GIXRD, μ-Raman and XPS. The purpose was to evaluate the evolution of the biomineralization process that occurs on the Al-Mg alloy. By investigating the specific conditions that favor the in situ growth of layered double hydroxide (LDH) during seawater immersion as a result of biomineralization, this research provides insights into marine biomineralization, highlighting its potential as an innovative and sustainable strategy for corrosion protection.

Mechanical and corrosion properties of Al2O3/7075 aluminum matrix composites prepared by additive friction stir deposition

Abstract Additive Friction stir deposition (AFSD) has been extensively utilized for processing Al alloys. The properties of the Al depositions under as-fabricated state, including mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, are typically inferior compared to the base material, especially for heat-treatable alloys. In this research, multilayers of Al7075 composites, reinforced by ceramic particles, were processed by AFSD to evaluate the effect of using feedstock materials containing reinforcing particles on the properties of the deposition. For comparison, a bare Al7075 part was also processed by AFSD under the same conditions. The results of mechanical testing revealed a significant reduction in the microhardness, tensile strength and compression stress of the bare alloy after deposition. However, the composite deposition exhibited only a slight decrease in the properties compared to its feedstock material. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of the composite enhanced after AFSD, in contrast to the bare alloy, where the corrosion resistance deteriorated. Microstructural analysis showed a uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles in the matrix for the deposition, closely resembling that of the feedstock composite. This, along with grain refinement and minimal change in precipitates, were the reasons for the minimum changes in mechanical properties, as well as the improvement in corrosion resistance.

Mechanical and degradation behavior of Mg-1%Sn-x%HAp composite for biomedical application

Metal implants are preferred for orthopedics due to their strength and durability. A biodegradable metal with a density similar to bone, magnesium (Mg) is being considered for medical implants. This study examines the mechanical and corrosive properties of Mg-1%Sn-x%HAp composites with weight percentages of 0, 2, 5, and 7. Mechanical alloying is used to fabricate the composites. Adding hydroxyapatite (HAp) improves corrosion resistance and biocompatibility characteristics. SEM, XRD, and electrochemical tests were used for characterization. The results showed that adding HAp improved composite mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. SEM and EDS confirmed that Sn and HAp were uniformly distributed in Mg. Additionally, the XRD found α-Mg, Mg2Sn, and CaSn3 phases are present in the composite. Density, hardness, compressive and polarization test were performed to analyze the mechanical and chemical properties of the composite pallets. The Mg-1%Sn-2%HAp composites have a density of 1.744 g/cm³, close to human cortical bone. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) increased Vickers hardness by 26% in the Mg-1%Sn-7%HAp composite compared to the alloy. The Mg-1%Sn-7%HAp composite has 121.14 MPa ultimate compressive strength due to greater HAp content. This enhancement increased brittleness and decreased compressive strain. Electrochemical corrosion studies showed that the Mg-1%Sn-2%HAp composite had the lowest corrosion rate (0.28568 mm/year) and current density (12.502 µA/cm²). Due to a protective apatite layer and Sn-based oxides, the composite exhibits good corrosion resistance. The Mg-1%Sn-2%HAp composite showed good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance as a biodegradable orthopedic implant material.

Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures

High coercivity and anti-corrosion properties are required for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets used in new energy and off-shore wind power industries. Here, we found that both magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B magnets can be significantly improved by grain boundary diffusion (GBD) of Tb69Ni31 alloy. The diffusion temperature is a key factor in determining both the magnetic properties and corrosion resistance. The wettability of Tb69Ni31 alloy with the magnet and the fluidity of Tb69Ni31 alloy gradually increase with increasing temperature above 750 ℃, which facilitates the elements diffusion. Tb and Ni show different diffusion behaviors at different temperatures. The magnet diffused at a relatively high temperature exhibits high coercivity due to the formation of a thick Tb-rich shell in the grain with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field. However, excessive grain growth leads to a reduction in coercivity as the diffusion temperature further increases. The highest corrosion resistance is achieved by Tb69Ni31 alloy diffusion at a relatively lower temperature. By analyzing the Volta potential distribution using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, the Ni-rich phase with high potential formed in grain boundaries is mainly responsible for the improved corrosion resistance. The current results suggested that the performance of Tb-Ni diffused magnets can be controlled by the diffusion behaviors of Tb and Ni.

Zn(TFSI)2-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization for Electrolyte Engineering Toward Stable Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries

Practical Zn metal batteries have been hindered by several challenges, including Zn dendrite growth, undesirable side reactions, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface. These issues are particularly more serious in low-concentration electrolytes. Herein, we design a Zn salt-mediated electrolyte with in situ ring-opening polymerization of the small molecule organic solvent. The Zn(TFSI)2 salt catalyzes the ring-opening polymerization of (1,3-dioxolane (DOL)), generating oxidation-resistant and non-combustible long-chain polymer (poly(1,3-dioxolane) (pDOL)). The pDOL reduces the active H2O molecules in electrolyte and assists in forming stable organic-inorganic gradient solidelectrolyte interphase with rich organic constituents, ZnO and ZnF2. The introduction of pDOL endows the electrolyte with several advantages: excellent Zn dendrite inhibition, improved corrosion resistance, widened electrochemical window (2.6V), and enhanced low-temperature performance (freezing point = - 34.9°C). Zn plating/stripping in pDOL-enhanced electrolyte lasts for 4200 cycles at 99.02% Coulomb efficiency and maintains a lifetime of 8200h. Moreover, Zn metal anodes deliver stable cycling for 2500h with a high Zn utilization of 60%. A Zn//VO2 pouch cell assembled with lean electrolyte (electrolyte/capacity (E/C = 41mL (Ah)-1) also demonstrates a capacity retention ratio of 92% after 600 cycles. These results highlight the promising application prospects of practical Zn metal batteries enabled by the Zn(TFSI)2-mediated electrolyte engineering.

Improving Corrosion and Wear Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel via In Situ Pure Ti and Ti6Al4V Coatings: Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Analysis

This study aims to achieve in situ-formed pure Ti and Ti6Al4V coatings on 316L stainless steel through hot pressing and examine their wear and corrosion properties thoroughly in two simulated body fluids: physiological serum (0.9% NaCl) and Hanks’ solution. The sintering and diffusion bonding process was conducted at 1050 °C under a uniaxial pressure of 40 MPa for 30 min in a vacuum environment of 10−4 mbar. Following sintering, in situ-formed pure Ti and Ti6Al4V coatings, approximately 1000 µm thick, were produced on 316L substrates approximately 3000 µm in thickness. The mean hardness of 316L substrates, pure Ti, and Ti6Al4V coatings are around 165 HV, 170 HV, and 420 HV, respectively. The interface of the stainless steel substrate and the pure Ti and Ti6Al4V coatings exhibited no microstructural defects, while the interface exhibited significantly higher hardness values (ranging from 600 to 700 HV). The coatings improved corrosion resistance in both electrolytes compared to the 316L substrate. Wet wear tests revealed reduced friction coefficients in 0.9% NaCl relative to Hanks’ solution, highlighting the chemical interactions between the material surface and the electrolyte type and the significance of tribocorrosion in biocoatings.

Corrosion behavior of Fe amorphous/Al-12Si piston composites with core-shell structure

The current piston material, Al-12Si, lacks sufficient passivation in the acidic lubrication system of biodiesel engines, making it prone to corrosion in the presence of Cl−. Fe amorphous particles exhibit good compatibility with Al-12Si, possessing strong corrosion resistance, excellent passivation ability, and good high-temperature stability. They are a potential reinforcement for enhancing the Al-12Si piston material. Fe amorphous/Al-12Si core-shell structural composites (FACS) were synthesized through ball milling and hot extrusion. The composites’ composition, microstructure, and elemental distribution were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and EDS spectroscopy. To accelerate the evaluation process, Potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the electrochemical corrosion behavior. By analyzing the self-corrosion current density (icorr), self-corrosion potential (Ecorr), polarization resistance, inductance, admittance absolute value (Y0), and diffusion coefficient (n), the mechanism of Fe amorphous particle doping in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Al-12Si was discussed. The research results indicate that: The Fe amorphous particles, during ball milling and hot extrusion at 440 °C, do not recrystallize and maintain their good passivation ability. Spherical Fe amorphous particles act as “balls bearings” during hot extrusion, enhancing flowability and promoting the formation of a core-shell structure FACS with uniform composition distribution, high relative density, and low porosity when doping with 2–10% Fe amorphous particles. This prevents the formation of local potential differences, making the potential on the alloy surface more uniform, which helps reduce the risk of galvanic corrosion and improves corrosion resistance. However, when the doping content of Fe amorphous particles reaches 20%, excessive doping particles squeeze and rub against each other during hot extrusion, leading to amorphous agglomeration, low relative density, and high porosity defects in the resulting FACS, which causes uneven potential, increases local potential differences, and reduces corrosion resistance. Compared to Al-12Si, FACS doped with 2–10% Fe amorphous particles shows a decrease in icorr from 254.66 µA/cm2 to 114.98 µA/cm2, and an increase in Ecorr from 766.89 mV to 794.78 mV, indicating a reduced corrosion rate with the doping of an appropriate amount of Fe amorphous particles. As the doping content of Fe amorphous particles increases from 2 to 10%, the polarization resistance increases, indicating improved corrosion resistance; the inductance increases, suggesting that corrosion primarily occurs at the surface; Y0 increases, and n decreases, indicating a reduction in the depth of the corrosion reaction, and the stability of the surface protective oxide film is improved. However, when the doping content of Fe amorphous particles reaches 20%, the opposite effect occurs, and the corrosion resistance of the FACS decreases. Notably, FACS with 10% Fe amorphous particles exhibited the strongest corrosion resistance, making it a potential candidate for biodiesel engine pistons.

Mechanistic Insights into the Eco-Friendly Conifer Cone Extract's Corrosion Inhibition on Steel Rebar and Cement Mortar: An Experimental and Simulation Approach.

This study investigates the corrosion inhibition effects of eco-friendly conifer cone extract (CCE) on steel rebars embedded in cement mortar exposed to 3.5% NaCl under alternate wet/dry cycles. CCE concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% (denoted CCM0 to CCM4) were tested. Electrochemical and weight loss analyses revealed that 0.5% CCE significantly enhanced corrosion resistance, achieving 84.8% inhibition efficiency via polarization methods and a reduced corrosion rate of 9.46 mmpy. Chloride-binding studies indicated that 0.5% CCE improved adsorption intensity and multilayer adsorption constants compared to those of the control, as confirmed by Freundlich and Harkins-Jura isotherms. Surface analyses using SEM/EDS and AFM demonstrated the formation of a dense, protective passive layer on steel rebar surfaces, effectively reducing the surface roughness to 41.05 nm in CCM1 specimens. Theoretical simulations using SCC-DFTB and molecular dynamics showed a strong interaction between CCE functional groups and the iron surface, supporting experimental findings. Mechanical and porosity evaluations confirmed that 0.5% CCE maintained compressive strength and permeability while improving corrosion resistance. These results position CCE as a cost-effective, eco-friendly inhibitor with potential applications in protecting reinforced concrete structures in chloride-rich environments.

Study on Synergistically Improving Corrosion Resistance of Microarc Oxidation Coating on Magnesium Alloy by Loading of Sodium Tungstate and Silane Treatment.

Sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) was filled into the micropores and onto the surface of a magnesium alloy microarc oxidation (MAO) coating by means of vacuum impregnation. Subsequently, the coating was sealed through silane treatment to synergistically boost its corrosion resistance. The phase composition of the coating was inspected using XRD. FTIR was utilized to analyze the functional groups in the coating. XPS was employed to study the chemical composition and valence state of the coating. The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the coating, along with its elemental composition and distribution, were investigated by SEM and EDS. Meanwhile, the thickness of the coating was analyzed using Image J software. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to determine the corrosion resistance of the coating. The results show that compared with an MAO coating, M-0.125W composite coating (only filled with sodium tungstate on the surface of the MAO coating), and M-SG composite coating (only receiving silanization treatment applied to the surface of the MAO coating), the corrosion resistance of the M-nW-SG composite coating (loaded with sodium tungstate on the surface of the MAO coating and then treated with silane) is significantly improved. This is mainly attributed to the fact that sodium tungstate can be combined with Mg2+ to form insoluble magnesium tungstate protective film, which blocks corrosion media. At the same time, silanization treatment further seals the MAO coating and increases the compactness of the coating. In addition, with the increase in the impregnation concentration of sodium tungstate, the content of sodium tungstate in the M-nW-SG composite coating improves, and the sealing effect of silanization treatment is better. When the impregnation concentration of sodium tungstate is 0.1 mol/L or above, the MAO coating with sodium tungstate can be completely sealed. When the impregnation concentration of sodium tungstate is 0.125 mol/L, M-0.125W-SG composite coating has the best corrosion resistance, and its impedance modulus value can be maintained at 8.06 × 106 Ω·cm2 after soaking in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 144 h, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than those of MAO coating and M-0.125W and M-SG composite coatings.

Analysis of microstructural, corrosion, and wear properties of austenite SS304 joints welded by underwater wet automated metal arc welding

This study explores the feasibility of using underwater wet automated metal arc welding. A specially designed welding setup was used, providing precise control over the x, y, and z axes to weld the high strength Austenite AISI304 stainless steel in present study. The welding process operated at 145 Amps of current, a voltage of 23 V, a feed rate of 2.5 mm/sec, and utilized a 3.15 mm × 350 mm flux-coated SS304 electrode, ensuring sufficient arc generation for effective welding. Microstructural analysis was conducted using optical microscopy and FESEM, while corrosion performance was evaluated through potentiodynamic tests, and wear characterization was performed using an engine tribometer. The weld zone exhibited a refined, columnar grain structure, which improved corrosion resistance, with a corrosion rate (CR) of 0.01052 mmpy, as determined by Tafel testing. Additionally, wear resistance tests revealed that the weld specimen outperformed the base metal, with a wear rate of 2.352 g/Nm × 10−10 compared to the base metal's 3.201 g/Nm × 10−10. The results emphasize the potential of underwater wet automated metal arc welding in enhancing the structural integrity of marine constructions through improved corrosion and wear performance.

Corrosion behavior of AZ31 and AZ31-0.5Ca in different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 at various temperatures

Abstract Magnesium (Mg) alloys are used in many structural and automotive applications, though the high susceptibility towards corrosion poses a bottleneck towards its diverse applications. Microalloying Mg is often reported to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg. In this work, the effect of Ca on the microstructure and corrosion characteristics of AZ31 magnesium alloy is investigated. The electrochemical testing of AZ31 and AZ31-0.5Ca was studied in NaCl and Na2SO4 electrolytes with different concentrations (0.5-0.25 M) and various temperatures (30-50 oC). The electrochemical corrosion behavior was evaluated by the potentiodynamic polarization. The microstructural investigations revealed the formation of laves phases ((Mg, Al)2 Ca) in the AZ31-0.5Ca. The electrochemical tests showed that the effect of chlorides ions was more vigorous than sulphates ions. The measured average corrosion rates for AZ31 and AZ31-0.5Ca alloys were 55.68 mpy and 78 mpy in 0.05 M NaCl, and 22 mpy and 60 mpy in Na2SO4 at 30°C, respectively. Notably, the corrosion rate increased with increasing electrolyte concentration and temperature, consistent with the principles of the Arrhenius law. AZ31-0.5Ca showed superior corrosion resistance as compared to AZ31 in both electrolytes at all the testing conditions. The improved corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of (Mg, Al)2 Ca, which reduced the overall fraction of β-Mg17-Al12.

Effect of laser shock peening on the thermomechanically processed ZRE10 novel Mg alloy: Tailoring the biodegradable orthopedic implant material's behaviour

Third-generation biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys are emerging as promising candidates for orthopedic implants. However, challenges persist regarding their mechanical integrity and bio-corrosion behaviour. Thus, there is a need to develop suitable processing techniques to address these challenges. The combined effect of thermomechanical processing followed by laser shock peening (LSP) surface treatment on a novel Mg-1Zn-0.5Sc (ZRE10) alloy exhibited improved mechanical integrity and bio-corrosion resistance. During thermomechanical processing at 250°C and 350°C, the microstructure and texture evolution of the hot extruded (350°C) alloy (E350) exhibited complete dynamic recrystallization, resulting in better grain refinement with even dispersion of ScZn second-phase particles. Moreover, texture evolved to strong basal plane orientation, influencing an increased strength of 142 MPa, reduced ductility of 10%, and improved corrosion resistance. Further processing through LSP on this extruded alloy (ELSP-3P) surface leads to further recrystallizations owing to the effect of developed compressive residual stress near the peened surface, resulting in large grain formation. Also, favourable texture evolution of basal and non-basal planes due to this LSP-induced plastic strain with significant improvement in strength and ductility to 230 MPa and 16%, respectively. Biocompatibility analysis shows that both E350 and ELSP-3P possess a uniform bio-friendly hydroxyapatite layer and exhibit good cell viability after 72 h of incubation. In-vitro studies have demonstrated that LSP-treated extruded ZRE10 Mg alloy exhibits improved strength, a controlled degradation rate, and excellent cytocompatibility, making it a promising candidate material for orthopaedic implants, and can be harmonized with tissue regeneration and gradual degradation of the implant within the body.

Effect of Ni and Nb Elements on Corrosion Resistance and Behavior of TC4 Alloy in Hydrochloric Acid.

Due to the development of the petroleum industry, more severe mining conditions put forward higher corrosion resistance requirements for materials. In this paper, the corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of four TC4-xNi-yNb (x, y = 0, 0.5) alloys were investigated in a 1 mol/L HCl solution through microscopic characterization, electrochemical tests and corrosion weight loss testing. The results demonstrated that the addition of Ni and Nb elements could improve the corrosion resistance of TC4 alloy to varying degrees. The addition of niobium formed niobium oxide in the passive film, while the addition of nickel thickened the passive film without formation of nickel oxides. The improvement of corrosion resistance of TC4 by nickel is more significant. Finally, a new highly corrosion resistant alloy TC4-0.5Ni-0.5Nb is preferred.

Effect of Stress Aging on Strength, Toughness and Corrosion Resistance of Al-10Zn-3Mg-3Cu Alloy.

The 7000 series aluminum alloy represented by Al-Zn-Mg-Cu has good strength and toughness and is widely used in the aerospace field. However, its high Zn content results in poor corrosion resistance, limiting its application in other fields. In order to achieve the synergistic improvement of both strength and corrosion resistance, this study examines the response of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance of a high-strength aluminum alloy tail frame under aging conditions with external stresses of 135 MPa, 270 MPa and 450 MPa. The results show that with the increase in the external stress level, the strength of the alloy improves, while its corrosion resistance decreases. An optimal balance of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance is achieved at the conditions of 270 MPa-120-24 h. This phenomenon can be attributed to two main factors: first, lattice defects such as vacancy and dislocation are introduced into the stress aging process. The introduction of a vacancy makes it easier for neighboring solute atoms to migrate there. This makes the crystal precipitates more dispersed. Also, the number of precipitates in the matrix increases from 2650 to 3117, and the size is refined from 2.96 nm to 2.64 nm. At the same time, the dislocation entanglement within the crystal structure promotes the dislocation strengthening mechanism and promotes the solute atoms to have enough channels for migration. Since too many dislocations can cause the crystal to become brittle and thus reduce its strength, entangled dislocations hinder the movement of the dislocations, thereby increasing the strength of the alloy. Secondly, under the action of external force, the precipitated phase is discontinuous, which hinders the corrosion expansion at the grain boundary, thus improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy. At low-stress states, the binding force of vacancy is stronger, the precipitation free zone (PFZ) is significantly inhibited, and the intermittent distribution effect of intergranular precipitates is the most obvious. As a result, the self-corrosion current decreases from 1.508 × 10-4 A∙cm-2 in the non-stress state to 1.999 × 10-5 A∙cm-2, representing an order of magnitude improvement. Additionally, the maximum depth of intergranular corrosion is reduced from 274.9 μm in the non-stress state to 237.7 μm.

Zn-doped CaP coating equips Ti implants with corrosion resistance, biomineralization, antibacterial and immunotolerant activities.

Chronic inflammation leading to implant failure present major challenges in orthopedics, dentistry, and reconstructive surgery. Titanium alloys, while widely used, often provoke inflammatory complications. Zinc-doped calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings offer potential to enhance implant integration by improving corrosion resistance, bioactivity, and immunocompatibility. The objective of the study was to develope novel coating composition based on zinc-doped CaP coatings on Ti64 alloy implants that for the first time combines improved corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties and principally improved compatibly with the innate immunity primarily due to the proper programming of resident tissue macrophages to promote long-term implant acceptance. Ti64 substrates were coated with CaP and Zn-doped CaP using the microarc oxidation (MAO) technique. The adhesion between substrate and coatings are investigated by the progressive scratch test. The corrosion resistance and bioactivity were evaluated through electrochemical tests and simulated body fluid immersion. RNA sequencing was used to assess inflammatory responses in human primary macrophages. Antibacterial efficacy was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Zn addition significantly increased the adhesion of the coatings to Ti64 alloy, doubling up the critical load (from 4 N to 11 N). Zn-doped CaP coatings demonstrated enhanced corrosion resistance and increased biomineralization. RNA sequencing revealed that Zn addition suppressed inflammatory and promoted tolerogenic macrophage programming. Most pronounced effects was compensatory effect Zi on the CaP-supressed oxidative phosphorylation and lysosomal pathways in healing macrophages, and by upregulation of metallothioneins. Zn-doped coatings also exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy, reducing E. coli and S. aureus colonization by 99 % and 90 %, respectively. Zinc-doped CaP coatings on Ti64 implants significantly improved corrosion resistance, bioactivity, and antibacterial performance. We developed advanced multifunctional biomaterial equipped with beneficial anti-inflammatory and tissue integrative programming of innate immunity providing principal advantages for the long-term implant integration and reducing the implant failure risks.

A significant improvement in corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Cu-containing nanocrystalline Ti-Mo-Nb-Ta refractory complex concentrated alloy

A significant improvement in corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Cu-containing nanocrystalline Ti-Mo-Nb-Ta refractory complex concentrated alloy

Improvement of the long-term corrosion resistance and adhesion property of waterborne polyurethane coatings by physical mixing with silane-grafted nano-SiO2/TiO2

Improvement of the long-term corrosion resistance and adhesion property of waterborne polyurethane coatings by physical mixing with silane-grafted nano-SiO2/TiO2