Improvement Of Energy Utilization Research Articles

Bi-LSTM predictive control-based efficient energy management system for a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle

Energy management systems (EMS) in hybrid electric vehicles play a vital role in achieving optimal energy utilization, improved fuel efficiency, lower emissions, and improved vehicle performance. Thus, this paper proposes a Bidirectional Long-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model based on an efficient EMS for a hybrid electric vehicle that manages the powertrain elements of the IC engine, electric motor(s), fuel cell, and energy storage system. The proposed EMS also continuously monitors various parameters, including vehicle speed, driver inputs, battery state of charge, engine load, and environmental conditions, to make real-time decisions on power distribution and operation modes. Further, the proposed system leverages the capabilities of the Bi-LSTM model to capture intricate temporal dependencies and bidirectional context in driving patterns using the real-time dataset. Empirical studies are conducted to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed energy management strategy vis-à-vis diverse controllers, encompassing Model Predictive Control and Sliding Mode Control. Real-world driving data is employed as the basis for these investigations, aiming to provide a robust assessment of the proposed energy management approach in practical scenarios. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested methodology compared to traditional EMS approaches, showcasing improvements in energy utilization and reduced environmental impact. Finally, this research emphasizes a comparative analysis of the proposed topology with the existing approaches in a real-world fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle system. The findings provide insights into the feasibility of deploying intelligent EMS strategies for improved sustainability and efficiency in a modern energy-efficient environment.

Machine Learning-Based Power Quality Improvement of Wind-PV System Using ANFIS

The drastic improvements in Energy utilization are rooted in the search for alternative sources for generating Electricity. Due to their advantages for the environment, the integrations of RES into the powers grids, like wind and photovoltaic (PV) systems, has received a lot of attention. The grid’s power quality is challenged by the intermittent and erratic nature of various energy sources. In this research, enhanced Random Forest and ANFIS-based intelligent control algorithms are proposed to reduce the power quality issues in the hybrid PV-integrated Directly Driven Synchronous Generator efficiently. Here, the supervised RF-ANFIS algorithms are acting as a hybrid approach of machine learning techniques that will dynamically allocate the switching sequence for the power converters connected to the grid. Finally, the THD is reduced to less than 2.25% with a time period of 3 ms and upholds voltage stability within allowable bounds. Due to this, the system successfully raises the power factor, creating a steady and dependable power supply. The advancement of more effective and dependable renewable energies integration into the powers grids will ease the transition to a future with resilient and sustainable energy sources.

RETRACTED: Analysis and optimization of thermal power plants: Pinch and exergy methods

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves have underscored the need for the analysis and optimization of thermal power plants. This research focuses on the analysis and optimization of a combined cycle power plant that utilizes natural gas as its primary fuel. The study employs exergy analysis, pinch analysis, and related concepts to analyze the energy flows and identify inefficiencies within the system. The aims of the research are to determine the overall losses, component efficiencies, and overall efficiency of the combined cycle power plant and to optimize its performance using the atomic orbital search algorithm. The optimization aims to reduce waste and increase the overall efficiency of the power plant. By using these methods and algorithms, the research aims to address the challenges associated with fossil fuel consumption and contribute to the sustainable and efficient production of electrical energy. The overall exergy efficiency of the power plant increased from 68.73% in the design mode to 70.56% after optimization, resulting in a significant improvement in energy utilization and a reduction in exergy losses across the cycle components. In the low-pressure section of the heat recovery steam generator, exergy losses decreased from 2791.3 kW to 1600.67 kW after optimization, while in the high-pressure section, exergy losses reduced from 45,013 kW to 42509.72 kW. These optimizations demonstrate the potential to minimize exergy waste and enhance the overall performance of the power plant.

Energy efficient smart manufacturing of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms

Background: The global pharmaceuticals market is a trillion-dollar industry which grows more than 5% annually. However, in comparison to other manufacturing industries (e.g., oil refining, automotive), the pharmaceutical sector lags in manufacturing innovation and automation. In the production of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms, the use of energy utilization as a performance measure of production efficiency has neither been implemented extensively, nor been optimized to maximize efficiency. This study will focus on the development and implementation of a smart manufacturing platform to optimize energy productivity whilst maintaining tablet quality via the consideration of different manufacturing scenarios.
 Methods: This study will consider three main unit operations (wet granulation, drying and milling) which are relatively more energy intensive in pharmaceutical downstream processing, used to produce solid dosage forms, such as tablets. Four case-studies will be considered, which are 1: baseline batch, 2: baseline continuous, 3: optimized batch and 4: optimized continuous. Smart manufacturing is implemented to present optimized cases 3: and 4: Improvements in the energy and performance metrics are quantified and compared to the baseline cases. 
 Results and conclusions: The smart manufacturing platform used in this study, integrates advanced process model development, optimization, technoeconomic analysis and data integration. The utilization of this framework contributed to a ~70% and ~80% improvement in energy utilization in the optimized batch and continuous cases, respectively, when compared to the baseline batch case. In the optimized cases, tablet quality was maintained within targeted specifications and was comparable to the baseline batch case. This smart manufacturing framework can be generalized for drug product manufacturing and other particulate-based industries such as food, agriculture, and fine chemicals.

Optimizing carrot slices drying: A comprehensive study of combined microwave and convective drying

The integration of both microwave and conventional convective drying techniques (MCD) has notably boosted the efficiency and effectiveness of carrot slice drying. This combination has led to improvements in energy utilization without harmful influence on the quality of the dried carrots. The shortest dehydration time (20 ± 1 min) and the lowest energy consumption (0.220 ± 0.011 kWh), as well as the lowest water holding capacity (705.88 ± 4.97 g H20 g dm-1), had the model of carrot slices dried on 15 seconds of microwave drying on 900W, and 7 seconds of convective drying on 180 °C. The color modification, particularly the change in pigment concentration from its natural state in fresh carrots, was a result of employing the MCD method. The drying time had no impact on color pigment characteristics, unlike the energy model. The values of red, gree and blue color are the highest for the of carrot slices dried on 9 seconds of microwave drying on 900W, and 12 seconds of convective drying on 200°C.

The Methodology Development for Improving Energy Utilization and Reducing Fluoride Pollution of the Electroslag Remelting Process: A Review

Traditional electroslag remelting (ESR) technology using the slag with a high CaF2 content is faced with a high specific power consumption and fluoride pollution. Under double pressure, it is therefore very important to have a good understanding of the ESR process. The energy utilization, η, of the ESR depends on both the electrical, ηE, and thermal efficiency, ηH. Tailoring slag composition is one of the useful techniques to enhance energy utilization, because slag is very important to generate Joule heat for melting electrodes, control horizontal heat transfer, and maintain uniform distribution of alloy elements from the bottom to top of the remelted ingots in the ESR process. Therefore, herein, the aim is to review the effects of slag composition, especially CaF2 content, and temperature on the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, which further influence the heat balance during the ESR process. The volatilization mechanism of the liquid fluoride‐containing slag at an elevated temperature is introduced from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics. Meanwhile, some of the recent advances and technology improvements in energy utilization and productivity enhancements for the ESR process are summarized, which provide benefits to achieve sustainable development for the ESR process.

NFV/SDN Enabled Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Management of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy

Ever-increasing energy consumption, the depletion of non-renewable resources, the climate impact associated with energy generation, and finite energy-production capacity are important concerns that drive the urgent creation of new solutions for energy management. In this regard, by leveraging the massive connectivity provided by emerging 5G communications, this paper proposes a long-term sustainable Demand-Response (DR) architecture for the efficient management of available energy consumption for Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. The proposal uses Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies as enablers and promotes the primary use of energy from renewable sources. Associated with architecture, this paper presents a novel consumption model conditioned on availability and in which the consumers are part of the management process. To efficiently use the energy from renewable and non-renewable sources, several management strategies are herein proposed, such as prioritization of the energy supply and workload scheduling using time-shifting capabilities. The complexity of the proposal is analyzed in order to present an appropriate architectural framework. The energy management solution is modeled as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and, to verify the improvements in energy utilization, an algorithmic solution and its evaluation are presented. Finally, open research problems and application scenarios are discussed.

Thermal performance evaluation of production technologies for non-centrifuged sugar for improvement in energy utilization

Non-centrifuged sugar (NCS) is produced through the evaporation of water from sugarcane juice, using the thermal energy released from the combustion of sugarcane bagasse. The energy efficiency of the process varies significantly according to the technology implemented in evaporation and combustion operations. Therefore, energy optimization usage becomes essential for the improvement of the equipment, as well as the appropriate development of the manufacturing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate seven groups of technologies related to bagasse combustion and heat exchange systems, used in the production of NCS. The evaluation was performed based on five parameters: overall thermal efficiency (η), energy consumption (MJ)/NCS (kg), O2, CO2 and CO emission indices at the exit of the process, flue gases/NCS (kg/kg), and air-fuel ratio (AFR). Each group of technologies evaluated had a significant effect on the parameters considered. However, the best results were shown by the technologies where steam was used in closed systems, obtaining an overall thermal efficiency of 63.63 ± 5.17%, with a significant decrease in fuel consumption and lower gas emissions.

Cooperative Communications in Machine to Machine (M2M): Solutions, Challenges and Future Work

The application of cooperative communication (CC) in wireless networks makes it possible for the terminals to hear and aid the transfer of each other’s information to the required destinations. CC utilizes the advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless communications to achieve its objectives. The advantages enjoyed by networks that employ the principles of CC include: improvement of connectivity, improvement in energy utilization, spectrum efficiency, counteracting of the limited per device complexity, and a boost in communication reliability among devices in the network. When CC is compared with other techniques that perform functions similar to it like multiple input multiple output, it has an upper hand due to the fact that CC has a hardware that is feasible and its deployment is more flexible. The implementation of CC in machine to machine (M2M) in this paper is based on the use of relays and clustering protocols. Popular protocols of relays and clustering are presented as solutions, and detailed emerging research challenges that include but are not limited to: escalating complex scheduling design, increased message overheads, increased intra and inter network interferences, increased end-to-end latency, and redundancy are discussed. Future works that includes critical application of full duplex relays, utilization of non-regenerative mode of relay operation, cross layer optimization, application of clustering scheme with reconciling quality-of-service properties, and designing of hybrid clustering techniques are proposed. They are aimed at improving on the challenges and hence foster efficiency in M2M network resources.

Analytical Calculation of D- and Q-axis Inductance for Interior Permanent Magnet Motors Based on Winding Function Theory

Interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs), benefiting from the excellent advantages of a more rational use of energy. For further improvement of energy utilization, this paper presents an analytical method of d- and q-axis inductance calculation for IPM motors with V-shaped rotor in no-load condition. A lumped parameter magnetic circuit model (LPMCM) is adopted to investigate the saturation and nonlinearity of the bridge. Taking into account the influence of magnetic field distribution on inductance, the winding function theory (WFT) is employed to accurately calculate the armature reaction airgap magnetic field and d- and q-axis inductances. The validity of the analytical technique is verified by the finite element method (FEM).

Resveratrol vs. calorie restriction: Data from rodents to humans

Calorie restriction extends lifespan and confers metabolic benefits similar to the effect of lifestyle interventions. Poor compliance to long-term dietary restriction, however, hinders the success of this approach. Evidence is now persuasive for a role of resveratrol supplementation (a polyphenol in red grapes) as potential alternative to calorie restriction. This review summarizes the latest literature on the effects and the molecular mechanisms by which calorie restriction and resveratrol confer health benefits. Resveratrol activates SIRT1 and the associated improvement in energy utilization and insulin sensitivity closely resembles the benefits of calorie restriction. Current data largely support resveratrol as a potential calorie restriction mimetic to improve metabolic and probably functional health. Future studies which characterize the bioavailability and efficacy of resveratrol supplementation are critical to provide evidence for its long-term health benefits.

Thermal performance evaluation of a four pan jaggery processing furnace for improvement in energy utilization

Abstract The jaggery making from sugarcane is one of the traditional process industries contributing to the local employment and entrepreneurship opportunities to the rural population. Jaggery is a condensed form of sugarcane juice produced by evaporation of moisture. Bagasse which is internally generated during juice extraction from sugarcane is used as the fuel for evaporation in a jaggery furnace. Any efficiency improvement in the thermal performance of a jaggery furnace leads to bagasse saving which provides additional revenue for the jaggery manufacturer. A procedure for thermal evaluation using mass and energy balance for a jaggery furnace is proposed to establish furnace performance and loss stream analysis. The proposed method is used to investigate a four pan traditional jaggery furnace in India. The loss stream analysis indicates that the theoretical energy required for jaggery processing is only 29% of total energy supplied by bagasse combustion. The major loss is associated with heat carried in flue gas and wall losses. The air available for combustion depends upon the draft created by chimney in natural draft furnaces. The oxygen content in the flue gas is a measure of degree of combustion. A controlled fuel feeding based on the oxygen percentage in the flue gases is proposed and demonstrated. The traditional practice of fuel feeding rate is changed to control feeding rate leading to reduction in specific fuel consumption from 2.39 kg bagasse/kg jaggery to 1.73 kg bagasse/kg jaggery. This procedure can be used for evaluation of jaggery furnaces for identification and quantification of losses, which will help in improving thermal energy utilization.

Evaluating a low exergy heating system from the power plant through the heat pump to the building envelope

This study deals with an exergetic analysis and assessment of a low exergy heating system from the power plant through the ground-source heat pump to the building envelope. The methodology used is based on a pre-design analysis tool, which has been produced during ongoing work for the International Energy Agency (IEA) formed within the Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme (ECBCSP) Annex 37 to increase the understanding of exergy flows in buildings and to be able to find possibilities for further improvements in energy utilization in buildings. The analysis is applied to a room with a volume of 105 m 3 and a net floor area of 35 m 2 as an application place, while indoor and exterior air temperatures are 20 °C and −15 °C, respectively. The heat pump system used for heat production with a maximum supply temperature of 55 °C was designed, constructed and tested in Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey. In this context, energy and exergy flows were investigated, while exergy destructions in the overall system were quantified and illustrated. Total exergy input of the system was found to be 7.93 kW and the largest exergy destruction occurred in the primary energy transformation at 5.31 kW.

A Study on CO2 Emission Control in Future Energy Systems—The Role of High Temperature Nuclear Heat

The potential of CO2 emission reduction and the role of nuclear energy are analyzed for the long-term energy system of Japan by utilizing the energy system optimization model MARKAL. The results are as follows. The improvement of energy utilization and fuel switching will contribute largely to the reduction of CO2 emissions and can be regarded as essential methods for it. However, even under the low growth scenario of energy demand, the utilization of nuclear energy is necessary in addition to these methods in order to reduce CO2 emissions lower than the present level. Especially, high temperature nuclear heat will contribute to reducing the emission not only in electricity generation but also in industrial heat utilization.

Influence of alfalfa addition to sow diets (1983)

Twenty-four sows were utilized to evaluate the influence of a high fiber diet on nutrient digestibility and hindgut bacterial populations and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Sows were fed either a control of milo-soybean meal or a 50% sun-cured alfalfa diet. The addition of alfalfa decreased (P<.05) energy, nitrogen and fiber utilization as compared to the control diet. Alfalfa-fed sows, after a 90-day adaptation, were able to utilize more cellulose and crude fiber, which contributed to slight improvement in energy utilization. Bacterial populations and VFA concentrations in the hindgut were altered when sows were fed a 50% alfalfa diet. Therefore, these results indicate that alfalfa, if cost effective, can be added to sow diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983

An analysis of the impact of the energy shortage on business logistics systems, and its implication for freight transport

The energy crisis will probably affect business logistics systems in the U.S. economy in two ways: cost and service relationships between the various modes of freight transportation may change (as carriers seek to compensate for higher fuel prices and fuel shortages) or aggregate levels of production may change (either because of fuel and raw material shortages or reduced demand). As logistics decision makers seek to compensate for these changes, their transportation requirements may also shift. These shifts will not necessarily result in an improvement in energy utilization in the freight sector of the economy. Thus government policies may need to be developed to counteract the effect of such changes. This paper discusses these potential shifts, with specific reference to rail-truck competition, and recommends some changes in government policies in light of these conclusions.