Abstract
Ever-increasing energy consumption, the depletion of non-renewable resources, the climate impact associated with energy generation, and finite energy-production capacity are important concerns that drive the urgent creation of new solutions for energy management. In this regard, by leveraging the massive connectivity provided by emerging 5G communications, this paper proposes a long-term sustainable Demand-Response (DR) architecture for the efficient management of available energy consumption for Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. The proposal uses Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies as enablers and promotes the primary use of energy from renewable sources. Associated with architecture, this paper presents a novel consumption model conditioned on availability and in which the consumers are part of the management process. To efficiently use the energy from renewable and non-renewable sources, several management strategies are herein proposed, such as prioritization of the energy supply and workload scheduling using time-shifting capabilities. The complexity of the proposal is analyzed in order to present an appropriate architectural framework. The energy management solution is modeled as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and, to verify the improvements in energy utilization, an algorithmic solution and its evaluation are presented. Finally, open research problems and application scenarios are discussed.
Highlights
T HE CONTINUOUS increase in energy consumption, the depletion of non-renewable resources, the CO2 emissions caused by energy production, and the associated global warming have become critical concerns worldwide, that drive the creation of new solutions for energy management and consumption
CONTRIBUTION Considering the structure of a DR system [4], the management capability of customers enabled by the massive connectivity that is supported by modern technologies like 5G networks (NFV and Software Defined Networking (SDN)) [10], and finite energyproduction capacity, this paper proposes an Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)/SDN enabled DR energy management solution for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, services, and applications, which aims to optimize the use of available energy
This paper presents a complete vision of the architecture, stakeholders, mathematical models related to generation and consumption, and it discusses the complexity associated with the optimal management of the available supply for later present an appropriate architectural framework
Summary
T HE CONTINUOUS increase in energy consumption, the depletion of non-renewable resources, the CO2 emissions caused by energy production, and the associated global warming have become critical concerns worldwide, that drive the creation of new solutions for energy management and consumption. The architecture requires robust computational resources on the ES side ( deployed in the EM) for the execution of the different management strategies, algorithms, and calculations involved in the optimal utilization of the energy resource In this context, our proposal uses sophisticated communications technologies such as NFV, SDN and 5G as enablers. Our proposal analyzes from scratch the architecture, stakeholders, consumption model, and management strategies to develop the best possible energy management system, taking into consideration the capabilities of current consumers (massive connectivity), the most advanced existing communications technologies, that are already in the deployment phase (SDN and NFV enablers of 5G), and a finite capacity for energy production.
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