Improved Motor Development Research Articles

Cerebellar haemorrhage and atrophy in infants born extremely preterm with intraventricular haemorrhage.

To investigate the impact of cerebellar haemorrhage (CBH) and atrophy in infants born extremely preterm with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) on neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. This retrospective case-control study included infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation with IVH over a 10-year period. CBH, along with the assessment of cerebellar size, using magnetic resonance imaging, were studied. The impact of injuries on neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years' corrected age was conducted, using multivariable regression analysis for comprehensive evaluation. In a cohort of 103 patients, 69 (67.0%) showed CBH with a median grade of 1 (interquartile range = 0-3). At the corrected age of 2 years, CBH was significantly associated with impaired cognitive and motor outcome. CBH emerged as an independent predictor of poor cognitive and motor development, as well as cerebral palsy. Cerebellar atrophy, affecting 30 (29.1%) infants, was linked to a significantly worse outcome across all domains. Conversely, an increase in cerebellar size was correlated with improved motor development. Infants born extremely preterm with IVH and concomitant CBH exhibited significant cognitive and motor impairment. The severity of developmental delay correlated with the grade of CBH. These findings hold potential to support the prediction of long-term outcome and parental counselling.

The Homeostasis-Enrichment-Plasticity (HEP®) Approach for Premature Infants with Developmental Risks: A Pre-Post Feasibility Study.

Background: The environmental enrichment (EE) framework has inspired several early intervention (EI) approaches. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, caregiver acceptance, and satisfaction of implementing the HEP Approach intervention, a novel EI model based on the EE paradigm. Outcome measures for motor development, individual functional goals, sensory functions, caregiver-provided environmental affordances, and motivation for movement were examined. Methods: A pre-post-study design examined 18 premature infants (<33 weeks six days gestation) with a corrected age of 4-10 months. A 21-item Likert scale survey assessed the feasibility, safety, acceptability, and satisfaction of implementing the HEP Approach intervention. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2, Test of Sensory Functions in Infants, Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development, and Infant Movement Motivation Questionnaire were used for outcomes. The goal attainment scale measured progress toward parent goals. The HEP Approach consisted of 12 one-hour sessions implemented over three months. Results: Most participating parents found the HEP Approach intervention feasible, safe, acceptable, and satisfactory. GAS scores demonstrated significant gains with a mean t-score of 67.75 (SD = 2.00). Results found significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) in all outcome measures. Conclusions: Results suggest that the HEP Approach intervention is safe, feasible, and acceptable to implement. Outcome measures were meaningful and sensitive in identifying improved motor development, individualized parental goals, sensory functions, caregivers' use of environmental opportunities, and movement motivation in premature at-risk infants. Results suggest further studies on the HEP Approach are feasible, and highlight the potential of this intervention to inspire and guide future research in this field.

Severe neurodevelopmental phenotype, diagnostic, and treatment challenges in patients with SECISBP2 deficiency

PurposeDefects in the gene encoding selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2, SECISBP2, result in global impaired selenoprotein synthesis manifesting a complex syndrome with characteristic serum thyroid function tests due to impaired thyroid hormone metabolism. Knowledge about this multisystemic defect remains limited. MethodsGenetic and laboratory investigations were performed in affected members from 6 families presenting with short stature and failure to thrive. ResultsFour probands presented a complex neurodevelopmental profile, including absent speech, autistic features, and seizures. Pediatric neurological evaluation prompted genetic investigations leading to the identification of SECISBP2 variants before knowing the characteristic thyroid tests in 2 cases. Thyroid hormone treatment improved motor development, whereas speech and intellectual impairments persisted. This defect poses great diagnostic and treatment challenges for clinicians, as illustrated by a case that escaped detection for 20 years because SECISBP2 was not included in the neurodevelopmental genetic panel, and his complex thyroid status prompted antithyroid treatment instead. ConclusionThis syndrome uncovers the role of selenoproteins in humans. The severe neurodevelopmental disabilities manifested in 4 patients with SECISBP2 deficiency highlight an additional phenotype in this multisystem disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are required, and long-term evaluation will determine the full spectrum of manifestations and the impact of therapy.

Supporting Infants' Motor Development through Water Activities: A Preliminary Case-Control Study.

The first twelve months of an infant's life are the most dynamic time in the development of motor activities. Water activities can positively stimulate the motor skills, visual perception, and cognitive abilities of infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the motor development of infants aged 3-12 months participating in water activities. Participants in the study included 43 infants aged 3-12 months who attended water activities classes at Warsaw City swimming pools (n = 21) and infants not attending any classes (n = 22). Two methods of assessing motor development were used in the study: the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Early Motor Development Questionnaire (EMQ). The raw scores of the AIMS test and the EMQ questionnaire were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05) in both groups between the first and second examinations. In contrast, there was a statistically significant improvement in motor development measured by AIMS and expressed in percentiles (p = 0.002) and in percentiles for Polish children (p = 0.030) in the water group. The age-independent total score of the EMQ before and after the intervention did not change significantly (p = 0.149). The water environment has the potential to support the motor development of infants aged 3-12 months.

Family-Resourced Early Intervention Program for Motor Development in Cerebral Palsy Children

This research was conducted to determine the results of implementing an early intervention program Family resource for children's motor development applied to cerebral children palsy aged 4 years. The research method used in this research is research. The experiment takes the form of Single Subject Research (SSR) with data collection techniques including GMFM and GMFCS tests, interviews, and observations. The results of this research, this program has successfully demonstrated significant progress in control development better head in children. This increase can be seen from the longer duration in Doing various activities shows that the child has started to have neck strength enough to support the head, especially when sitting with assistance. Results from research It is hoped that this can become a reference for educators, especially in improving motor development of children with cerebral palsy at an early age.

Family-Based Early Intervention to Improve Motor Development of Child with Cerebral Palsy

This research is motivated by the lack of understanding of families, especially parents, on child development, in this study the development that will be discussed is motor development in children with cerebral palsy who have quite complex developmental delays. The purpose of this study is to increase the family's understanding of the development of children according to their age which is expected by parents to be able to intervene independently, therefore an early intervention program with family resources is needed for children with cerebral palsy. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach using observation and interviews to explore data and objective conditions of the family.

Exploring Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity for Families of Rural Preschoolers Participating in a Motor Skill Program.

While schools provide one opportunity to encourage physical activity, caregivers play an exceedingly important role in creating an environment conducive to preschool children's physical activity. Yet, little is known regarding the perceptions of caregivers, important choice agents for young children's physical activity behavior after participating in a motor skill program. The purpose of this study was to examine caregivers' perceptions of facilitators and barriers to children's physical activity at home among rural, low-income families who participated in a school-based early childhood physical activity program, SKIPping with PALS, designed to increase physical activity and improve motor development. Eleven caregivers consented to participate in a semi-structured interview regarding their perceptions of physical activity and their experience after six months of participation in the program. An inductive, naturalistic evaluation approach was utilized for qualitative data analysis, following the six recursive phases of thematic analysis. A review of the interview transcripts revealed that all caregivers valued physical activity and encouraged their children to be active. Four major facilitators, four major barriers, and an overarching theme of parental support for childhood physical activity were identified. These factors are largely circumstantial and attitudinal and, thus, are difficult to modify but are important to be cognizant of when designing interventions.

Effects of adapted physical activity on the motor development of children with mild intellectual disability

Objectives This study examined the effects of twenty-four weeks of long-term adapted physical activities (APA) on the motor development of children with intellectual disability (ID). Methods Twenty-one children with mild ID were included in this study. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test-Second Edition (BOT-2) long form was used to measure motor proficiency. Pre-test data were obtained at the beginning of the study. The children in the experimental group participated in the APA for twenty-four weeks. Children in the control group were excluded. After twenty-four weeks, post-test measurements were performed for both groups. another twenty-four weeks passed without APA, and a retention test was conducted in the experimental group. All data were analyzed. Results The results showed APA increased motor proficiency in the experimental group. However, the retention test scores showed a decrease in the motor proficiency of the experimental group if APA was not maintained. Conclusions Regular APA improved motor development in children with mild ID, but the skills regressed when activities were discontinued.

Nest positioning on motor development, sleep patterns, weight gain in preterm infants: systematic review.

The aimwas to evaluate the effects of Nest Positioning (NP) on motor development, sleep patterns, and weight gain in preterm newborns (PTNB) hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study was constructed based on PRISMA guideline criteria. Systematic research was carried out in electronic databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and VHL-BIREME following the PICOS strategy. Studies with PTNB populations who were hospitalized in the NICU and received therapeutic NP as an intervention strategy in this population were included in this study. We sought outcomes related to sleep patterns, weight gain, and motor development. After selection, 12 studies were included in this systematic review, of which 5 (41.7%) evaluated motor development as their primary outcome, 6 (50%) sleep-wake cycle patterns, and 1 (8.3%), weight gain and, subsequently, hospital discharge. Qualitative results indicate that prolonged exposure to decubitus variations may favor PTNB hospitalized in NICUs acquiring flexor postures, stimulate their midline, and increase their total sleep time. Studies reported no adverse effects regarding the use of NP. Evidence suggests that NP benefits motor development and sleep pattern in PTNB hospitalized in NICUs. IMPACT: Nest positioning improves sleep quality in preterm newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. Nest positioning improves motor development in preterm newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. No evidence of nest positioning on weight gain was observed. Half of the included clinical studies showed good methodological quality. Nesting positioning is a secure and cost-effective method.

Effects of 6-month customized home-based exercise on motor development, bone strength, and parental stress in children with simple congenital heart disease: a single-blinded randomized clinical trial

BackgroundNew “noncardiac” problems in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), such as developmental delay or long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. It is hypothesized that exercise might attenuate CHD-associated neurodevelopmental impairments; however, this has not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled experiment was to evaluate the impact of customized home-based exercise for children with CHD.MethodsChildren aged 0–5 years with echocardiography-confirmed simple CHD subtypes who were scheduled to undergo cardiac catheterization were screened for enrolment. Among 420 screened CHD children, 192 were enrolled and randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive a 6-month intervention (30 min daily customized home-based exercise program with supervision for no less than 5 days per week, combined with home-based exercise education) or control treatment (home-based education). The primary outcome was motor development (gross motor quotient (GMQ), fine motor quotient (FMQ), and total motor quotient (TMQ)). The secondary outcomes were cardiac function and structure, bone quality, physical development, parental anxiety, caregiver burden, and quality of life. Children and their families were assessed before and 1, 3, and 6 months after catheterization; 183 (95.3%) children were included in the primary analysis.ResultsAfter 6-month treatment, the intervention group significantly increased their motor quotient, which was consistently higher than that of the control group (GMQ p < 0.0001, FMQ p = 0.02, TMQ p < 0.001). The physical developments in height, weight, and circumferences of the upper-arm, chest, and head were also significantly improved by exercise (all p < 0.017). No significant improvements in the bone strength or the cardiac structure and function were found among patients in the intervention group (all p > 0.017). For parents, higher quality of life level (total score p = 0.016) was observed in the intervention group; while effects of exercise on the anxiety (rude score p = 0.159, standard score p = 0.159) or the Zarit caregiver burden scale score (p = 0.404) were non-significant. No adverse events occurred during the study period.ConclusionsCustomized home-based exercise improved motor development in children with CHD. While the long-term effects of parent training in home-based exercise are unknown, the study results suggest positive outcomes.Trial registrationA home-based exercise program in congenital heart disease children with cardiac catheterization: a randomized controlled trial. (http://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR-IOR-16007762, January 14, 2016).

Efficiency Improvement in Motor Development Through the Integration of Deep Learning and Topology Optimization

Efficiency Improvement in Motor Development Through the Integration of Deep Learning and Topology Optimization

A systematic review of early motor interventions for infants with congenital heart disease and open-heart surgery

BackgroundMotor development delay is the first neurodevelopmental impairment that becomes apparent in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). Early interventions have addressed high-risk groups like infants born preterm, but little is known about interventions to improve motor outcome in CHD infants at risk of motor delay. The purpose of this review was to systematically review the literature on type and effect of motor intervention applied during the first year of life in infants with CHD following open-heart surgery.MethodsScoping searches were performed in May 2020 and April 2023 via MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PEDro, and Scopus. The review included studies published in English from 2015 to 2022. Primary outcome was infants’ motor development measured by standardized and non-standardized motor assessments, and if available, infants’ language and cognitive development, and any parental quality-of-life assessments as secondary outcomes. The studies’ quality was evaluated with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale.ResultsFour papers with low to high methodological quality met inclusion criteria. All studies investigated the influence of early physiotherapy. Four studies involved parents, and three studies used standardized tools to assess motor outcomes. No conclusion can be drawn about any positive effect of early motor interventions.ConclusionsEarly motor intervention in CHD infants may improve motor development; however, the few existing studies do not provide clear evidence. Thus, more prospective early intervention studies are needed.Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42020200981.

Enhancing Motor Development of Premature Infants: A Mobile App to Support Hospital-Home Intervention Program

The integration of mobile devices into different sectors of society is an increasingly commonprocess; however, their integration as part of medical monitoring for treatments carriedout at home is still new, especially their application to the motor development of prematurechildren. This work determines the elements that a mobile application must have to supporta hospital-home intervention program aimed at improving motor development in prematureinfants. The application is designed to work in Android and iOS platforms for mobile devicesand to support the hospital-home strategy developed at the Universidad de La Sabana. In thisstudy, an evolutionary device was created, developed and validated along with its Unity3D tool. The result is an intuitive application that allows parents to strengthen the motor developmentof their children through a series of 10 exercises designed to stimulate the baby. Itconsists of a registry of babies, fundamentals, exercise modules and follow-up procedures.The conclusions indicate that although the application is intuitive, some parents have difficultyaccessing a mobile device, so it is necessary to create a web version of the application.

PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOMOTRICITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)

Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children is characterized by difficulty interacting, communicating and relating to other individuals, impairing and limiting day-to-day activities and social interaction. They are classified into three degrees, being mild, moderate and severe. These symptoms can be observed during early childhood, with the diagnosis starting at three years of age. Although there is no cure for ASD, early diagnosis and rapid intervention help to reduce the possibility of chronicity, increase treatment possibilities and minimize various symptoms. Psychomotricity is one of the means of intervention in which it has been most used, as it improves the development of motor coordination, helping with sensory characteristics, language, obtaining a better quality of life for these patients. Objective: To report and describe the importance and effectiveness of physical therapy intervention in the development of psychomotricity in children with ASD for better motor performance, improving interaction and including the individual in the social environment. Method: Research carried out in March 2023, using SciELO, Google Scholar and Pubmed databases with publication languages in Portuguese, English and Spanish. 32 articles were selected for analysis of the study, the publication and posting criteria were from the last ten years and had human beings as the object of study, specifically children. Conclusion: Through the study carried out, it was observed that through the various physiotherapeutic resources in psychomotricity, there was a significant improvement in motor development and social inclusion of children with ASD.

Effect of a psychoeducational intervention on motor and perceptual-visual development through the inhibition of primitive reflexes in schoolchildren aged 4 to 7 years old

The efficacy of the Assessing Neuromotor Readiness for Learning (Blythe, 2012) on primitive reflex inhibition is described. The sample consisted of 25 girls and 21 boys aged 4–7 years (M = 4.84, SD = 1.10). For the sake of evaluating the efficacy of the intervention, the Developmental Screening by the Chester Institute of Neurophysiological Psychology, INPP (Blythe, 2012), was used by means of a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical analyses performed were ANCOVA and factorial ANOVA—depending on the fulfilment of the assumptions. The main findings refer to the existence of active primitive reflexes in the sample, and how these primitive reflexes are sensitive to the psychoeducational intervention of reflex inhibition through movement. Besides, the involvement of primitive reflex inhibition in the improvement of motor development—but not in perceptual-visual development—has been proved.

Neurobehavioural and Histological Study of the Effects of Low-Dose and High-Dose Vanadium in Brain, Liver and Kidney of Mice.

Vanadium is a ubiquitous transition metal that has been generating contrasting research interest. Therapeutically, vanadium possess antidiabetic, antitumor, antiparasitic and even neuroprotective activities. On the flip side, vanadium has been reported to cause multisystemic toxicities with a strong predilection for the nervous system. Despite several reports on potential benefits of low-dose vanadium (LDV) and toxic effects of high-dose vanadium (HDV), there are no comparative studies done thus far. This study therefore explored the comparative effects of LDV and HDV exposure in mice during postnatal development. A total of nine (9) nursing mice were used in this study; with three nursing mice and their pups (n = 12 pups per group) randomly assigned to each of the three test groups. The nursing dam were given intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of vanadium at 0.15mg/kg and 3mg/kg for LDV and HDV respectively, and subseqently to the pups from postnatal day (PND) 15 till sacrifice on PND 90. We discovered that neurodevelopmental motor function test of mice-pups exposed to LDV here showed improved motor development, muscular strength and memory capacities whereas HDV led to motor function impairment, reduced muscular strength and memory capacities. LDV-exposed mice showed mild histological lesions in cerebral cortex whereas high-dose showed distinct histological lesions in different parts of the brain ranging from cerebellar Purkinje neuronal pathology (central chromatolysis), pyramidal neuronal loss in CA1 region, architectural distortion as well as fewer neurons in olfactory bulb. We saw mild lesions with LDV in both liver and kidney, however, with HDV exposure, there was diffuse hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and congestion of blood vessels in liver, shrinkage of renal glomerulus and degenerated epithelial cells of kidney. Conclusively, beneficial effect of vanadium is proven as it facilitated body weight gain which translate in organ weight at low-dose, while high-dose caused decreased neurobehaviour and histological lesions.

Efecto de una intervención psicoeducativa en el desarrollo motor y perceptivo-visual a través de la inhibición de los reflejos primitivos en escolares de 4 a 7 años

The efficacy of the Assessing Neuromotor Readiness for Learning program (Blythe, 2012) on inhibition of primitive reflexes is presented. The sample is made up of 25 girls and 21 boys aged four to seven years old (M=4.84, SD=1.10). The Developmental Screening of the Institute of Neurophysiological Psychology of Chester, INPP (Blythe, 2012) has been used to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention through a pretest-postest design with control group. ANCOVA and Factorial ANOVA have been used for statistical analysis, depending on the fulfillment of assumptions. The main findings of this study refers to the existence of active primitive reflexes in a sample of schoolchildren and how these primitive reflexes are sensitive to psychoeducational intervention on reflex inhibition through a movement program. In addition, the involvement of inhibition of primitive reflexes in improving motor development has been highlighted but except for visual perception skills.

Teaching Video NeuroImage: Improvement in Motor Development After Start of Levodopa in Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency

A 7-month-old boy was referred with developmental delay and axial hypotonia (video 1). Screening for inborn errors of metabolism was negative and single nucleotide polymorphism array was normal (46,XY). Myotonic dystrophy (type 1) and spinal muscular atrophy were excluded. Whole exome sequencing yielded biallelic mutations in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene (c.698 G>A, p.Arg233His and c.1211C>T, p.Thr404Met). Subsequent CSF analysis revealed a significantly lowered homovanillic acid/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ratio, confirming tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency.1 Treatment with monotherapy levodopa resulted in profoundly improved motor development (video 1). After several weeks of treatment, the patient developed levodopa-induced dyskinesias (video 1),2 insomnia, and hyperactive behavior. All symptoms ameliorated with levodopa reduction.

Family-Based Early Intervention to Improve Motor Development of Child with Cerebral Palsy

This research is motivated by the lack of understanding of families, especially parents, on child development, in this study the development that will be discussed is motor development in children with cerebral palsy who have quite complex developmental delays. The purpose of this study is to increase the family's understanding of the development of children according to their age which is expected by parents to be able to intervene independently, therefore an early intervention program with family resources is needed for children with cerebral palsy. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach using observation and interviews to explore data and objective conditions of the family.

Efforts for the Role of Mothers as Informal Educators in Stimulating Motoric Development in Early Childhood in Kedung Jaya Bogor

This study is a qualitative research to describe and analyze the role of mothers as informal educators in stimulating motor development of early childhood in Kedung Jaya Village, Bogor. The problem in this research is formulated as follows: what is the role of mothers as informal educators in stimulating motor development of early childhood in Kedung Jaya Village, Bogor? The method in this study used a qualitative descriptive analysis method. The selection of data sources using purposive sampling, namely mothers with early childhood who live in Kedung Jaya Village, Bogor totaling 3 mothers and 4 children. Collecting data using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis includes 3 phases, namely: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. Based on the exposure and research findings, it was found that the role of mothers as informal educators in stimulating motor development of early childhood has not shown ideal results. Optimizing the role of mothers as informal educators will have a major impact on the motor development of early childhood. Mother's success in stimulating children's motor development is influenced by age, education level, knowledge, living environment, mother's physical condition and family's socioeconomic conditions. Motor development of early childhood is one of the important aspects of development for the future of children, therefore researchers recommend two important things that can be done by mothers in an effort to improve motor development of early childhood, namely.