Improve Labor Productivity Research Articles

Does artificial intelligence promote common prosperity within enterprises? —Evidence from Chinese-listed companies in the service industry

As the largest industry that absorbs labor from different levels of employment and provides different levels of labor remuneration, the service industry has faced severe challenges from the wave of artificial intelligence replacement. This study examines whether artificial intelligence promotes shared prosperity among service industry enterprises based on microdata of listed companies in the Chinese service industry from 2008 to 2022. The main research results indicate that the application of artificial intelligence in the service industry significantly reduces enterprises' labor income share. The main mechanisms of action include the employment structure effect of squeezing out low-educated and frontline workers and the wage-productivity effect that improves labor productivity but benefits capital income, leading to an unequal income distribution. Research has found that improving the integration of regional labor markets and workers' bargaining power can help alleviate the negative effects of artificial intelligence applications on the share of labor income in the service industry. This study helps developing countries, such as China, manage the impact of the widespread application of artificial intelligence on the labor market in the service industry and provides important policy insights for achieving common prosperity.

Total Factor Productivity with Chinese Characteristics

Although total factor productivity (TFP) is a common concept in mainstream Western economics, its origins are actually embedded in Marx’s understanding of improving labor productivity. As an important element of labor productivity under socialized production conditions, TFP is further reflected in the category of “socially necessary labor time” in two distinct senses. Re-examining TFP from the perspective of Marxist political economy and incorporating it into the theoretical system of political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics vividly illustrates the essence of “adhering to original principles, assimilating foreign concepts, and embracing a forward-looking vision” within political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In practice, it is necessary to start with Marx’s theory of productive labor and delineate the sectors involved in productive labor so that TFP and its fluctuations can be measured in a more relevant way. In the context of the new era and the new journey, as the key to achieving high-quality economic development in China, efforts are needed to increase TFP. This requires balancing economic factors such as the long term and short term, supply and demand, and gross quantity and structure, and promoting transformative changes in the quality, efficiency, and dynamism of economic development.

Внедрение передовых производственных технологий в России и оценка компаниями их влияния на рост производительности труда и эффективность производственного процесса

The urgent need for the transition of the Russian economy to a new technological structure under the influence of the current geopolitical and economic-political situation, as well as the strengthening of import substitution processes, poses the task of a qualitative breakthrough in the introduction of modern processes in industrial production and in the economy as a whole. The gen-eral process of the fourth industrial revolution involves the widespread introduction of robotic, au-tomated systems, and artificial intelligence, linked into single complexes interconnected by commu-nications and cloud storage systems. On the one hand, this process can lead to a massive release of labor resources from traditional blue-collar professions. From another point of view, it creates a large number of new professions to serve new directions and solve new problems. However, the answer to the question of the economic feasibility of introducing such technologies is not clearly positive. And here there can be quite unexpected results when the seemingly obvious benefits from the imple-mentation of certain modern solutions of the sixth technological order for specific organizations or industries are not confirmed. In our work, we use surveys of Russian companies for 2022 to assess the current stage of implementation of production and digital technologies. It has been established that the introduction of modern solutions that lead to the transition to a new technological structure is, in some cases, characterized by a negative effect and lack of improvements in labor productivity. Our observation contradicts the generally accepted idea that automation, digitalization and robotiza-tion will lead to the release of a significant number of workers. Moreover, among the key reasons hindering the implementation of advanced technologies, companies cite the lack of qualified per-sonnel and the inability to hire employees with the required level of knowledge and skills. In other words, we are observing a shortage of highly qualified employees against the backdrop of a rather contradictory effect of innovation in terms of freeing up labor. The introduction of technologies such as artificial intelligence or the Internet of things in most cases is characterized by the absence of a positive impact on the efficiency of internal processes and labor productivity. Our observations lead to the conclusion that there is no prospect of a labor surplus in the labor market due to the ongoing processes of the fourth industrial revolution according to Schwab.

АЛГОРИТМ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ДЛЯ ВИРІШЕННЯ ПИТАНЬ ДЕФІЦИТУ КАДРІВ

The article presents six groups of approaches to addressing the issue of staff shortages, gathered by the authors using own methodology. For practical implementation of these approaches in enterprises, a three-step algorithm has been developed and presented, which should precede the development of a customized strategy for hiring personnel or improving labour productivity. In the first stage, based on the assessment of labour productivity in Ukraine compared to other countries, it is proposed for the enterprises to conduct a self-diagnosis aimed at determining whether a sufficient level of labour productivity has been achieved. Thus, it becomes evident to choose one of three scenarios: quantitative, aimed at attracting additional personnel; qualitative, aimed at radically improving the productivity of existing personnel, processes, and equipment; or a combination of the first two scenarios. The second step proposes conducting a SWOT analysis of the tools selected in the previous step to confirm the feasibility of their further use via comparison of strong and weak sides, available opportunities and existing risks and threats. As an example SWOT analysis of establishing training centres in the sewing industry provided as well as analysis of implementing artificial intelligence tools. In the third step, it is suggested for the enterprises to perform stakeholders mapping to identify key ecosystem players and their roles, distribute the necessary connections and resources for the implementation of the chosen tools. The proposed map includes: the target business, competitors, the broader market, external infrastructure, and external influencers, that will allow enterprises to better understand cooperation mechanisms, optimize resource use, and ensure comprehensive support in the project of implementing tools to overcome the staff shortage issue. The proposed three-step algorithm is an effective foundation for further strategies development and tools selection to solve the problem of workforce shortages or increase productivity, which can significantly enhance the capabilities of Ukrainian enterprises to fulfil orders and develop in the challenging conditions of martial law.

The relationship between Foreign investment (FDI), Trade internationalization and Labor productivity in Vietnamese localities

This article studies the impact of FDI and international trade on labor productivity of Vietnamese provinces. Analyzing a sample of 63 provinces in the period 2010-2021, the research findings indicate positive impacts of FDI disbursed in the provincial economy. The number of employees in active FDI enterprises and exports on the labor productivity. In contrast, the number of active FDI enterprises and imports have insignificant effects on labor productivity; meanwhile, the economic growth influence negatively the labor productivity of provinces. On the basis of research results, we propose recommendations for attracting FDI implying large capital scale and high labor use: at the same time, it is necessary to increase exports by controlling selectively imports in order to improve labor productivity for Vietnamese provinces

Determinants for labour productivity improvement in hotel service: empirical evidence from Vietnam

Determinants for labour productivity improvement in hotel service: empirical evidence from Vietnam

Constraints on Angolan manufacturing enterprise labour productivity improvement

Constraints on Angolan manufacturing enterprise labour productivity improvement

Constraints on Angolan manufacturing enterprise labor productivity improvement

Constraints on Angolan manufacturing enterprise labor productivity improvement

Развитие горно-геологической информационной системы в современных реалиях российской горнодобывающей отрасли

The article presents an approach to the development of the MINEFRAME mining and geological information system. The current situation in the mining industry, the foreign policy challenges require to use digital technologies as a driver to improve labor productivity and industrial safety. One of the most important classes of software used at mining enterprises are mining and geological information systems, i.e. the information systems that offer complex automation in solving geological, mine surveying and technological tasks when working with the vector, wireframe and block models of mining system facilities. The mining and geological information systems make it possible to have reliable knowledge of the deposit at each stage of exploration, design and operation of the mine through the use of 3D geological and geomechanical models, determination of distribution patterns for useful and harmful components of minerals for comprehensive analysis of scenarios of the sequence of field development, selection of the most efficient mining technologies and equipment, assessment of the risk level for design solutions and their economic efficiency. This approach fully corresponds to the trends of digital transformation declared by the government of the Russian Federation and represents a new stage of automation and informatization of economic activities and transition to digital technologies.

Analysis of the Impact of Education Level on Regional GDP

Through theoretical model analysis and linear regression analysis of Macao, this paper studies the influence of education level on regional GDP. It is found that education level has a significant positive impact on regional GDP. As an important part of human capital, education can improve labor productivity and innovation ability by improving people's knowledge level and skills, thus promoting regional economic growth. The analysis of the theoretical model reveals the multiple channels and mechanisms of education to economic growth, including technological progress, industrial structure upgrading, and job opportunity upgrading. As a special region, the linear regression analysis results show that there is a significant positive relationship between the education level and the GDP of Macao, which further validates the importance of education to economic development. To sum up, the results of this study emphasize the importance of education, and the government and society should increase the investment in education and improve the level of education to promote regional economic growth and social progress.

STRATEGY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION QUALITY MANAGEMENT THROUGH HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

The article substantiates the importance of quality professional education for modern youth and the country as a whole. It is noted that one of the ways to get a high-quality, affordable and suitable education for their interests and needs is professional (professional) education, which involves students choosing a certain direction or specialization in high school. Professional education allows you to deepen your knowledge of subjects that are interesting and important for the future profession in order to continue studying at a higher level. An analysis of the problems of vocational education that affect its quality is carried out, in particular, the problems of the quality of vocational education at the level of personnel management are highlighted. A systematized sequence of steps in the formation of a personnel development strategy to improve the quality of education, taking into account the characteristics of the educational institution: involvement of interested parties; analysis of needs and problems to determine key directions for improving the quality of professional education; development of an action plan with the establishment of specific goals, deadlines and responsible persons; regular monitoring and performance evaluation; cooperation with other educational institutions, scientific institutions and organizations to exchange experience and gain new knowledge; constant improvement and search for ways to improve the quality of professional education. The methods and tools of human resources management are proposed to improve labor productivity, retain and develop personnel, create a favorable working environment, and achieve the organization's goals. The use of tools to encourage staff to experiment and use innovative teaching methods in the personnel strategy, which will contribute to improving the quality of education and student satisfaction, is substantiated; an example of successful application of personnel management methods is given. It was concluded that ensuring the country's competitiveness on the international market requires high-quality professional education. In order to solve the problem of low quality of professional education at the level of personnel management, the head of an educational institution must be able to develop and implement a personnel development strategy, taking into account the characteristics of a specific educational institution, aimed at improving the quality of education. In the personnel strategy of the educational institution, it is necessary to emphasize the encouragement of personnel to innovate and experiment with new teaching methods, to focus on the development and use of employees' competencies, and to ensure the process of continuous professional development of teachers.

The energy-saving effect of industrial chain synergistic division: Evidence from China's industrial chain

Under the influence of global trade policies, countries gradually build their entire industrial chains, and industrial policies show a localized development trend. In this context, what impact will the industrial chain localization policy have on the low-carbon transition and high energy efficiency? It is significant for achieving the energy conservation and emission reduction goal. Therefore, this paper uses non-competitive input-output tables from 2002 to 2017 to construct China's domestic industrial chain panel data. We combined the econometric model to explore the influence of industrial chain synergistic division on energy intensity. The research found that the industrial chain synergistic division effect can significantly reduce energy intensity. The results were robust after some endogeneity tests. Secondly, the energy-saving effect brought by the synergistic division is more obvious in high-energy dependence and high-stage industrial chains. There is still room to improve the production efficiency brought by the division network effect. Finally, the industrial chain synergistic division can reduce energy intensity by improving labor productivity, enterprise productivity, and enterprise competition mechanism. This study can provide targeted policy recommendations for China to achieve structural energy-saving. It can also provide a reference for other countries to achieve carbon neutrality.

Labor cost, competitiveness, and imbalances within the eurozone

This paper examines the impact of the cost of labor on macroeconomic imbalances within the eurozone. For this purpose, we construct a three-country Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) macroeconomic model in an open economy including the eurozone and the rest of the world. We show that internal devaluation is not effective as an economic policy for getting the eurozone economies to converge. Cutting labor costs cannot kick-start economic activity through a rebound in exports of those countries that do so. Instead, it involves the risk of locking their economies concerned into low-wage production activities. The fall in unemployment it entails is the consequence, then, of a downturn in labor productivity. In contradistinction, we defend the idea that the introduction of a new wage rule making monetary wages dependent on productivity gains and on the target for inflation set by the European Central Bank, together with a budgetary stimulation policy, would be conducive to initiating convergence among European economies. In particular, it would produce a convergence in living conditions by improving labor productivity but it would also bring production structures closer together.

Digital revolution: Does industrial chain digitalization lead the energy-saving wave?

The industrial chain digitization (ICD) is a crucial driving force for improving energy efficiency and achieving sustainable development. Based on China’s 2002–2017 input–output table, this paper used the structural path analysis method to construct the ICD panel data. We employed the two-way fixed effects model to explore the impact of ICD on demand-side energy intensity. The research findings are as follows: (1) The ICD can significantly reduce energy intensity. The results were robust after some endogeneity tests. (2) There is heterogeneity between digital manufacturing and service inputs. China’s ICD mainly relies on the automation and intelligence of production equipment to achieve energy-saving. (3) The sectoral digital intermediate input, the intelligence level, and the industrial chain energy flow have a positive moderating effect on the energy-saving effect of ICD. (4) The ICD can reduce energy intensity by improving labor productivity, strengthening the industrial chain synergistic division ability, accelerating intelligent transformation, and promoting technological innovation. This paper provided targeted policy recommendations to promote the ICD level and achieve energy-saving and emission-reduction targets based on the research results.

Improving Electricity Efficiency by DC Power Transmission: A Case Study in Vietnamese Mining

The exploitation and use of fossil fuels, including coal, to promote socio-economic development is taking place firmly, including in Vietnam. Vietnam’s mining industry is getting deeper and deeper, and the degree of mechanization is increasing, making electricity consumption even bigger. The efficient use of electricity to reduce the power consumption per ton of mined coal significantly improves labor productivity, reduces environmental emissions, and moves towards sustainable socio-economic development. For mining in Vietnam today, electricity is still transmitted by AC, causing undesirable consequences that reduce the efficiency of electricity use. To overcome the above problems, it is possible to use DC power transmission. The content of the article analyzes the use of DC power transmission in mining in Vietnam based on simulation modeling methods using Matlab-Simulink software to improve power efficiency, reduce environmental emissions, and move towards sustainable development.

Influence of factors on labour productivity: Research in textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam

The purpose of this study is to analyse the influence of factors on labour productivity in textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam. Data collected from 165 employee surveys from textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam were processed through SPSS 26 software, then descriptive statistics, EFA analysis, and regression analysis. The research results show that out of five factors, there are four factors affecting the working productivity of employees at textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam including labour cost, human resource policy, work pressure, and science-technology. In which, the factor of labour cost has the strongest impact on labour productivity at textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam, followed by human resource policy, work pressure, and science-technology. The study also discovered that the seniority factor does not affect labour productivity in textile and garment enterprises. At the same time, the study also proposes some solutions for managers at textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam to improve labour productivity in the future.

The impacts of high-speed railway on environmental sustainability: quasi-experimental evidence from China

With growing concerns over resource depletion and environmental degradation, the role of high-speed railways in fostering a transition towards sustainable energy sources has gained prominence. Against this background, we treat the opening of high-speed railways as a quasi-natural study, analyze data from Chinese industrial enterprises and 285 prefecture-level cities to investigate the impact of high-speed railways on environmental sustainability, specifically focusing on fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that the introduction of high-speed railways has been instrumental in promoting eco-friendly development, as evidenced by a notable reduction in traditional resource consumption and carbon emissions along the railway routes. This inhibitory effect has strengthened over time and with increasing distance from the railway. Additionally, we identify significant spatial spillover and spatial conduction effects resulting from high-speed railway operations. Heterogeneity tests reveal that third-tier cities, non-megacities, and mature resource-based cities are particularly receptive to these sustainable impacts. Besides, Mechanism analysis suggests that accelerated elements flow, enhanced technological innovation, improved labor productivity, and upgrading of industrial structure serve as potential pathways leading to eco-sustainability. These findings highlight the environmentally friendly attributes of high-speed railways and underscore the pressing need for effective policy measures to facilitate a global transition towards renewable energy, both in China and worldwide.

АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ, ВЛИЯЮЩИх НА УСЛОВИЯ ТРУДА ПЕРСОНАЛА В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛьНых УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯх

The purpose of the study presented in the article is to study and analyze factors, external and internal, that affect working conditions in educational institutions and determine the directions for their improvement. The importance of working conditions and their impact on the quality of education is noted, the classification of working conditions is highlighted, the importance of observing not only sanitary and hygienic standards and safety precautions, but also the socio-economic and socio-psychological components of working conditions is noted. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of factors affecting working conditions in educational institutions: socio-production (technical), socio-economic, socio-hygienic (sanitary and hygienic), socio-psychological. The novelty of the work is a comprehensive study of working conditions in an educational institution in the city of Penza. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the consideration of the terminological apparatus of working conditions and the identification of the essential characteristics of the working conditions of a general educational organization. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that, based on the results of the study, problems were identified and areas of work were identified that need to be changed or adjusted to improve working conditions and improve the quality of the educational institution as a whole. This will reduce staff turnover, prevent professional burnout of employees of an educational institution, increase their job satisfaction, which, in turn, will improve labor productivity and performance of the organization as a whole. The identified aspects are designed for a “positive effect” and can be taken into account in the practical activities of organizations in similar areas of activity when developing specific recommendations for improving working conditions and certain aspects of personnel management.

Research on the application of artificial intelligence generated AI technology in new media art

With the rapid development of information society and computer science, new media art has not made a qualitative leap in the past decade. The reason is that in big data and machine learning, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has brought computer science up to a higher level, while art is still stuck in aesthetics, acoustics, vision, psychology and other aspects, lack of logic, intelligence and integration. Therefore, the new media art needs the support of the computer technology, especially the new technology.In the design stage of new media art, technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data mining are integrated to improve the molding speed of new media art through mathematical modeling.Through machine learning, quickly understand user experience and user needs, further optimize new media art works, use artificial intelligence AI technology to simulate new media art, and simulate the whole process of user experience and interaction is the main content of this paper.This makes new media art become a typical application in the field of AICG (artificial intelligence production content). Generative AI will greatly reduce the marginal cost of creation and knowledge work, greatly improve labor productivity and economic value, and realize the generation of new media art original content at one tenth of the cost and thousands times production speed.

Creation or disruption? Doubts from the internet applications in China's rural sector

To address the current large gap in research on the Internet applications in the Chinese rural sector, this paper explores the effect of these applications on the labor productivity of Chinese farmers from a creative destruction perspective. First, we construct a model to analyze the direct and indirect paths of the Internet applications impact on the productivity of farm households at the theoretical level; second, we conduct an empirical study corresponding to the theory based on micro-survey data obtained from China's first nationwide large-scale social survey project. Specifically, we verified the Internet applications direct effect on farm household labor productivity through the mean treatment effect approach and explored the efficiency and mechanism of action of the Internet productivity effect in the rural sector using the mediating effect model, Probit model, and the counterfactual analysis framework. The study finds that the productivity effect of the rural Internet applications still has a certain gap compared with the urban sector, although it is not at the "Solow's paradox" stage. Further discussion reveals that the Internet adoption in rural areas is a process of "creative destruction", and its destructive effects are dominant at this stage, while the creative effects still need to be further explored. This paper emphasizes that, for developing countries, accurately identifying the development stage of the Internet applications and further exploring its creative role is an important way to improve labor productivity in rural areas, and it is also an important step to promote the construction of digital villages.