Improve Resource Utilization Efficiency Research Articles

Status Review and Future Perspectives on the Framework of Smart Product Service Ecosystem

The transformation to service economy and rapid development of smart technologies have greatly changed traditional commodity trading based business models. There is an irresistible trend developing to the new business paradigm of Smart Product Service Ecosystem (SPSE), which integrates value co-creation network, service ecological thinking and Information & Communication Technologies (ICT). A conceptual framework of SPSE is proposed, covering the study on its definition, characters, components, mutual interactions and development roadmap. Business model innovations of SPSE are analysed from three aspects, including interaction modes, resource allocation principles and cooperation mechanisms. First, smart interactions offer new approaches and opportunities for manifest customer demand acquiring and implicit demand reasoning. Then, the dynamic sharing resource pool is introduced for service resource allocation optimization. The integration of distributed layout and centralized management and scheduling of resources will significantly reduce operation costs, improve resource utilization efficiency, and accelerate service response speed. Last, cooperative mechanisms will be developed based on risk sharing, ecological diversification and node association multi-polarization, to achieve a win-win situation and improve the stability, reliability and competitiveness of SPSE. The proposed theory is expected to offer possible guidelines and roadmaps for those transforming and emerging industries.

Radio Resource Management Considerations for 5G Millimeter Wave Backhaul and Access Networks

Millimeter-wave frequencies between 6 and 100 GHz provide orders of magnitude larger spectrum than current cellular allocations and allow usage of large numbers of antennas for exploiting beamforming and spatial multiplexing gains. In this article, we describe the main design concepts when integrating mmWave RANs into 5G systems, considering aspects such as spectrum, architecture, and backhauling/fronthauling. The corresponding RRM challenges, extended RRM functionalities for 5G mmWave RAN, and RRM splits are addressed. Finally, based on these discussions, a framework is proposed that allows joint backhaul and access operation for 5G mmWave RAN, which we envisage as one of the key innovative technologies in 5G. The proposed framework consists of a joint scheduling and resource allocation algorithm to improve resource utilization efficiency with low computational complexity and to fully exploit spatial multiplexing gain for fulfilling user demands.

Heuristic Grid Resource Scheduling Algorithm based on Group of Task and Secondary Distribution

Grid resource scheduling policies directly affect the performance of the grid, so the grid resource scheduling algorithm for grid research has become a hot spot. In this paper, based on grid heterogeneity to resource scheduling of load balancing, effective resource utilization and minimize task sets the span of time (Makespan) as the goal, propose a heuristic grid resource scheduling algorithm based on Group of Task and Secondary Distribution, the basic idea is dividing the set of tasks into two groups by using the standard deviation, the one is long tasks group, another is short tasks group .The longest task in long tasks group will be allocated to the worst performance to execute, the rest can be done in the same manner. Tasks in short tasks group will be executed by the Min-Min algorithm , and then through secondary dispatch ideas to make the grid system to quickly reach each resource load balancing , improving resource utilization efficiency and minimizing the task set time span. Finally, the simulation model benchmark Braun et al. demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Achieving food security and high production of bioenergy crops through intercropping with efficient resource use in China

With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide, we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population. Intercropping, as an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems, has been widely practiced around the world. Many studies have shown that some plants can deliver high yields when intercropped with other plants. Here, we review the biological mechanisms in improving resource utilization efficiency and illustrate the practical application of intercropping in ensuring food and energy security through improving production. Identifying suitable energy plants for marginal land, land not suitable for food crops growth, is an effective strategy to acquire high production of bioenergy, thus removing competition between the use of land for food and energy. The effective application of intercropping provides a potential pathway for production of food crops and energy plants by improving resource use efficiency and resistance to environmental stress.

Multiregional input-output model for China's farm land and water use.

Land and water are the two main drivers of agricultural production. Pressure on farm land and water resources is increasing in China due to rising food demand. Domestic trade affects China's regional farm land and water use by distributing resources associated with the production of goods and services. This study constructs a multiregional input-output model to simultaneously analyze China's farm land and water uses embodied in consumption and interregional trade. Results show a great similarity for both China's farm land and water endowments. Shandong, Henan, Guangdong, and Yunnan are the most important drivers of farm land and water consumption in China, even though they have relatively few land and water resource endowments. Significant net transfers of embodied farm land and water flows are identified from the central and western areas to the eastern area via interregional trade. Heilongjiang is the largest farm land and water supplier, in contrast to Shanghai as the largest receiver. The results help policy makers to comprehensively understand embodied farm land and water flows in a complex economy network. Improving resource utilization efficiency and reshaping the embodied resource trade nexus should be addressed by considering the transfer of regional responsibilities.

Improving resource utilization efficiency in China's mineral resource-based cities: A case study of Chengde, Hebei province

China is facing serious shortage of mineral resources, while the resource utilization efficiency in China's mineral resource-based cities is low. This study applies a three-step material flow analysis (MFA) based analysis method to analyze and improve the resource utilization efficiency of Chengde, the second largest vanadium–titanium industrial base in China. Resource productivity and comprehensive utilization rate, are applied as two main indicators for mineral utilization efficiency analysis. The results show that compared with other resource-based cities in China, Chengde's resource utilization efficiency is low, suggesting that both the mining and manufacturing industries need to be strengthened. Based on these problems, eco-industrial chains are designed and positive effects are obtained. With the implementation of the design in the mining industry, by 2016, the comprehensive utilization rate of iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), and phosphorus (P) will be increased by 16.22%, 75.72%, 1653.60%, and 387.56%, respectively. Likewise, the total comprehensive utilization rate and resource productivity will be increased by 23.99% and 9.85%, respectively.

Measurement Method and Empirical Research on the Sustainable Development Capability of a Regional Industrial System Based on Ecological Niche Theory in China

From the analytical view of a recycling economy, the regional system achieves the goal of sustainable development through improving resource utilization efficiency, reducing energy consumption and ameliorating the quality of water and air. The regional economic system’s potential for sustainable development is significantly influenced by regional industrial operational efficiency, which measures the cost of ecology, environment, energy and resources accompanying the economic growth. It is vital for national and regional governments to accelerate harmonious development between products of industrial department, consumption of energy and pollutants discharged. Under the guidance of ecological niche theory and recycling economy theory, the theoretical analysis on efficient relations between regional industrial growth, energy consumption, resources utilization and environmental carrying capacity has been carried out from horizontal and vertical respects. Industrial operational efficiency and the sensitivity coefficient in response to the change of every input and output index can be calculated and critical factors, which restrict sustainable development capability, can be found out so that quantitative references could be provided for administrative decisions. As for the measurement method, a super efficiency mixed data envelopment analysis model, which wipes off self-limited condition and either contains both meeting cone characteristic indexes or not, has been established and applied. Statistics from 1993 to 2012 in China are collected to carry out empirical research. On the basis of further analysis, an adjustment strategy can be constituted to improve the capability for sustainable development.

The Driving Forces and Synergistic Effect Between Regional Economic Growth, Resources and the Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone

From the viewpoints of population, resources, environment and economic-social development, we establish the models of accounting for resource and environmental costs and coordinated (or relative coordinated) development degrees between economic growth and resources and the environment using the evaluation method of ecosystem service value. Synergistic effects between regional economic growth and resources and the environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone was analyzed and driving forces were analyzed by regression of partial least squares. We found that from 1983 to 2012, resource and environmental costs in the Yangtze River Economic Zone (including seven provinces and two municipalities) increased from 4736.55 trillion CNY to 15 359.45 trillion CNY and corresponding weights dropped from 31.1% to 19.7% compared to the national level. The degree of coordinated development rose from 0.295 to 1.506, higher than the national average. In the years 1983, 1993 and 2003, the main factor that drove the coordinated development of regional economic growth, resources and the environment was low level resource and environmental costs. With continuous increases in primary and tertiary industrial added values after 2012, the advantage of the Yangtze River Economic Zone has weakened. In the future, provinces should improve the rules and regulations on planning and implementing main functional areas, promote adjustment of industrial structure, restore ecology, improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce environmental loss costs to enhance quality of economic development and promote the coordinated development of regional economic growth and resources and the environment.

Analysis of Sustainable Development of Changsha Based on Ecological Footprint Method

Ecological footprint method was used to estimate the resident’s per capita resource consumption ecological footprint and per capita ecological carrying capacity of Changsha based the statistical data from 1996 to 2009. And the Changsha sustainable development issue was discussed. The results shown that during 1996 to 2009, Changsha per capita ecological footprint of biological resources consumption has a fluctuated upward trend. Ecological footprint per capita consumption of biological resources was dominated. There is a deficit of per capita ecological carrying capacity in Changsha; People activities impact on the regional ecosystem has exceeded the ecological carrying capacity, and it resulting in a greater pressure on the ecosystem. From the perspective of resources ecological carrying capacity, Changsha’s development model is not sustainable in 1996 to 2009. It should be transfer the mode of economic development, improve resource utilization efficiency, and promote the sustainable development of regional resources.

A self‐organized resource allocation scheme for heterogeneous macro‐femto networks

AbstractThis paper investigates the radio resource management (RRM) issues in a heterogeneous macro‐femto network. The objective of femto deployment is to improve coverage, capacity, and experienced quality of service of indoor users. The location and density of user‐deployed femtos is not known a‐priori. This makes interference management crucial. In particular, with co‐channel allocation (to improve resource utilization efficiency), RRM becomes involved because of both cross‐layer and co‐layer interference. In this paper, we review the resource allocation strategies available in the literature for heterogeneous macro‐femto network. Then, we propose a self‐organized resource allocation (SO‐RA) scheme for an orthogonal frequency division multiple access based macro‐femto network to mitigate co‐layer interference in the downlink transmission. We compare its performance with the existing schemes like Reuse‐1, adaptive frequency reuse (AFR), and AFR with power control (one of our proposed modification to AFR approach) in terms of 10 percentile user throughput and fairness to femto users. The performance of AFR with power control scheme matches closely with Reuse‐1, while the SO‐RA scheme achieves improved throughput and fairness performance. SO‐RA scheme ensures minimum throughput guarantee to all femto users and exhibits better performance than the existing state‐of‐the‐art resource allocation schemes.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggestions to ameliorate the inequity in urban/rural allocation of healthcare resources in China.

The imbalance in the allocation in healthcare resources between urban and rural areas has become a main focus of the recent medical reforms adopted in China. However, systematic analysis has identified wide differences in the allocation of healthcare resources between urban and rural areas, including healthcare expenditures and the number of healthcare facilities, available beds, and personnel. Therefore, the aim of this report was to identify ethical considerations in current governmental policies to rectify existing problems in the distribution of healthcare resources. Our findings indicate that the inequality in the distribution of healthcare resources does not adhere to ethical standards and the policies are flawed because they give rise to differences in the availability of medical care to urban and rural communities. To optimize the allocation of medical healthcare resources, countermeasures are proposed to formulate policies to urge the flow of public healthcare resources to rural areas, strengthen the responsibilities of both governmental and public financial investments, increase the construction of public healthcare facilities in rural areas, promote the quality of healthcare resources, adjust resource allocations to rural public healthcare facilities, and improve resource utilization efficiency by establishing two-way referral mechanisms.

Design for multigranularity multicast traffic transmitting in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing–based flexible-grid optical networks

An all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) network coding scheme is proposed for multigranularity multicast traffic transmission in flexible-grid optical networks. Based on all-optical OFDM technology, diverse bitrates traffic is transmitted efficiently by the proposed architecture with flexibility and scalability in spectrum allocation. Moreover, the integration of network coding technology within the optical multicast network improves resource utilization efficiency and enhances transport capacity. The feasibility of an all-optical OFDM network coding scheme for multigranularity multicast traffic transmission is analyzed, and performance evaluations are performed on transmitting diverse bitrate traffic, respectively. The relevant simulation results show that various bitrate multicast traffic demand can be transmitted successfully by the proposed scheme, and spectrum resources can also be allocated to satisfy flexible multicast traffic demand dynamically and efficiently. Furthermore, synchronization for network coding is also investigated. Tolerance of misalignment is improved by the approach to stretch subcarrier signal pluses, and the difficulty of pulse alignment is also reduced.

A Variable-Population Evolutionary Game Model for Resource Allocation in Cooperative Cognitive Relay Networks

Cooperative cognitive relay networks (CCRN) combine cognitive radio and cooperative relay technologies to improve resource utilization efficiency. In such a network, each secondary user (SU) can act as one relay node to cooperate with its selected primary user (PU), in exchange of this PU' spectrum access opportunities. Thus, there exists an inevitable problem: how the SUs with different individual channel conditions make the optimal decisions of PU selection, if there are multiple PUs. In this letter, a variable-population evolutionary game model (VPEGM) is firstly proposed to analyze the competition among the SUs in which channel condition's influence on SU's PU selection is discussed. Also the simulation results are presented to analyze the performance of this game.

Minimum delay and minimum interference routing algorithm for multi-protocol label switch traffic engineering

Based on the idea of Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm(MIRA),a Minimum Delay Minimum Interference(MDMI) routing algorithm was proposed to implement QoS-based routing scheme for Multi-Protocol Label Switch(MPLS) traffic engineering.The algorithm firstly calculated k minimum-delay candidate routes,selected optimal route and avoided critical resource through computing network flow.The algorithm can balance overall load,improve resource utilization efficiency and offer a delay-constrained routing mechanism at the same time.The simulation results show that the new algorithm works better at decreasing Label Switched Path(LSP) rejection rate and increase network throughput,however at the cost of k times multiplication of time complexity.

A combined power and cooling cycle modified to improve resource utilization efficiency using a distillation stage

A combined power and cooling cycle is being investigated. The cycle is a combination of a Rankine cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle. The vapor exiting the turbine in this cycle is cold enough to extract refrigeration output. This combined cycle is being proposed for application with lower temperature heat sources such as solar, geothermal, and industrial waste heat with the primary objective of producing power. In this paper, the goal is to optimize the cycle configuration for maximum resource utilization efficiency (RUE). Based on an exergy analysis, the cycle configuration has been modified to improve the RUE. A thermal distillation scheme, similar to those found in some Kalina cycles has been implemented in the cycle. An optimization method is used to maximize the RUE of the modified configuration. A significant improvement in the efficiency of more than 25% was achieved with the improved configuration. Larger pressure ratios are obtained across the turbine. Increased efficiencies can also be obtained for the cases where only work output is desired.