Improve Navigation Safety Research Articles

Research on Anomaly Detection of Ship Behavior Based on Data Mining

With the increase in the number of ships and the intensifying maritime traffic, maritime accidents such as ship collisions and grounding occur frequently, posing serious threats to people's lives and property. Therefore, timely detection and correction of abnormal ship behaviors are of great significance for improving navigation safety. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) can provide real-time information on ships' positions, speeds, headings, and more, offering a rich data resource for data mining. Through the analysis of these data, it is possible to deeply explore the navigation patterns and characteristics of abnormal behaviors of ships. This paper applies data mining technology to the detection of abnormal ship behaviors, which not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of detection but also provides maritime regulatory authorities with richer decision-making support.

Development of a calculation power model of a vacuum automounting device

One of the ways to improve navigation safety during water transport operation is to develop automated devices and systems that reduce the number of tasks for workers. For example, the introduction of vessels with different levels of autonomy into production activities, capable of automatically monitoring the environment or delivering cargo, helps to reduce the size of the vessel due to the absence of a residential superstructure. On inland waterways, one of the limitations of the introduction of autonomous navigation is their safe passage through shipping passages — shipping locks. Mooring a vessel in a lock chamber is very labor-intensive and is usually performed by crew members of the vessel being locked for movable (floating hoops) or fixed (berthing bollards, bollards, hoops) mooring devices, the permissible loads of which are established in regulatory documents. Over the past 10 years, the authors have not found studies describing the results of measuring the loads on mooring devices and ropes arising from the movement of the vessel in the lock chamber. Another constraint to the implementation of autonomous shipping is the lack of requirements for auto-mooring devices that ensure the retention of vessels in the lock chamber. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to compare the standard and actual values of the load on mooring eyes and ropes for the theoretical calculation of the holding forces of the vacuum automooring device model, taking into account the operating conditions in the shipping lock chamber. The measurement results presented in the article were obtained in the course of the research work “Development of scientifically based recommendations for establishing hydraulic modes for filling and emptying the chambers of locks No. 1–8 of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Volga-Balt Administration” based on in-kind studies of the conditions of ship mooring in lock chambers” commissioned by the Federal Agency for Maritime and River Transport using a strain gauge installed in the mooring rope cut. As a result of the theoretical calculation of the holding force of the vacuum auto-mooring device, the holding forces of the vacuum gripper from the radius of one vacuum suction cup were obtained.

Service Quality of Inland Electronic Navigational Charts on the Yangtze River

As a golden waterway in China, the Yangtze River is one of the busiest waterways in the world. The Changjiang Waterway Bureau has made inland electronic navigational charts (I-ENC) of the Yangtze River from Yibin to Liuhekou. It assists ships in safe navigation and provides information on waterway elements for analysis and prediction. Compared with traditional navigation and information methods, ENCs better promote the safety and efficiency of inland waterway navigation, thereby protecting the environment. The primary tool of this study is the questionnaire, including the basic information, business services, data services, available services, and product services of the Yangtze River I-ENC. This study analyzed the questionnaire combined with on-the-spot investigation, focusing on understanding respondents’ current views on the Yangtze River I-ENC to improve service quality. A total of 885 respondents completed the questionnaire from June 2021 to August 2021. The results show that the Yangtze River I-ENC mainly expands related products, such as Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), mobile application, WeChat small program, internet online navigational charts, and paper navigational charts. Mobile application is the most popular among respondents. The primary purpose of I-ENC at the present stage is to assist navigation and improve navigation safety.

Method for monitoring and improving the accuracy characteristics of shipboard satellite navigation equipment

The aim of the study is to improve approaches to monitoring and control of electronic systems of water transport, as well as navigation support itself, to improve navigation safety by developing a method for monitoring and improving the accuracy characteristics of shipboard satellite navigation equipment in real operating conditions. The article considers the importance of modern ship radio navigation systems for ensuring safety of navigation and highlights the limitations that may arise during operation of these systems. In this regard, the authors of the article propose an approach to monitoring and improving the accuracy of satellite navigation equipment of a ship in real conditions of ship operation. The article considers the use of a ground-based control and measurement station to control the precise characteristics of shipboard satellite navigation equipment. This station is installed on shore and operates based on the basic equation of metrology. The positioning system of a laser locator ship is described as follows: The GPS navigation spacecraft sends a laser beam to an optical angle reflector mounted on the vessel, and then a ground-based control and measurement station measures the time it takes for the laser beam to travel to and from the reflector, which allows the distance to the vessel to be calculated. The data is then transmitted to user equipment on the ship, which uses it in conjunction with the spacecraft's GPS navigation data to determine the ship's location, time and speed. The features of this approach are its high accuracy and applicability in various conditions, including poor visibility. To consider the geometric differences between the antennas of the ground control and measuring station and the user's equipment, as well as to consider the roll and pitch, the authors propose to use geometric ratios. The use of the method of accuracy control of shipboard satellite navigation equipment based on a ground-based control and measuring station proposed in the article allows to determine errors with high accuracy in various conditions of real operation, which contributes to the improvement of navigation safety

Ship Intrusion Collision Risk Model Based on a Dynamic Elliptical Domain

To improve navigation safety in maritime environments, a key step is to reduce the influence of human factors on the risk assessment of ship collisions by automating the decision-making process as much as possible. This paper optimizes a dynamic elliptical ship domain based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, combines the relative motion between ships in different encounter situations and the level of ship intrusion in the domain, and proposes a ship intrusion collision risk (SICR) model. The simulation results show that the optimized ship domain meets the visualization requirements, and the intrusion model has good collision risk perception ability, which can be used as the evaluation standard of ship collision risk: when the SICR is 0.5–0.6, the ship can establish a collaborative collision avoidance decision-making relationship with other ships, and the action ship can take effective collision avoidance action at the best time when the SICR is between 0.3 and 0.5. The SICR model can give navigators a more accurate and rapid perception of navigation risks, enabling timely maneuvering decisions, and improving navigation safety.

Advanced, Innovative AIoT and Edge Computing for Unmanned Vehicle Systems in Factories

Post-COVID-19, there are frequent manpower shortages across industries. Many factories pursuing future technologies are actively developing smart factories and introducing automation equipment to improve factory manufacturing efficiency. However, the delay and unreliability of existing wireless communication make it difficult to meet the needs of AGV navigation. Selecting the right sensor, reliable communication, and navigation control technology remains a challenging issue for system integrators. Most of today’s unmanned vehicles use expensive sensors or require new infrastructure to be deployed, impeding their widespread adoption. In this paper, we have developed a self-learning and efficient image recognition algorithm. We developed an unmanned vehicle system that can navigate without adding any specialized infrastructure, and tested it in the factory to verify its usability. The novelties of this system are that we have developed an unmanned vehicle system without any additional infrastructure, and we developed a rapid image recognition algorithm for unmanned vehicle systems to improve navigation safety. The core contribution of this system is that the system can navigate smoothly without expensive sensors and without any additional infrastructure. It can simultaneously support a large number of unmanned vehicle systems in a factory.

Application of Rough Set Theory and Bow-Tie Analysis to Maritime Safety Analysis Management: A Case Study of Taiwan Ship Collision Incidents

The surrounding waters of Taiwan are evaluated as a moderate risk environment by Casualty Return, Lloyd’s Registry of Shipping. Among all types of maritime accidents, ship collisions occur most often, which has severe consequences, including ship damage, sinking and death of crews, and destruction of marine environments. It is, therefore, imperative to mitigate the risk of ship collision by exploring the risk factors and then providing preventive measures. This study invited domain experts to form a decision-making group, which helped with the risk assessment. The initial set of risk factors was selected from the literature. The expert group then identified seven representative risk factors using rough set theory (RST). The researchers worked with the experts to delineate the diagram of a bow-tie analysis (BTA), which provided the causes, consequences, and preventive and mitigation measures for ship collision incidents. The results show an integrated research framework for the risk assessment of ship collision that can effectively identify key factors and associated managerial strategies to improve navigation safety, leading to a sound marine environment.

Inland Waterway Ship Path Planning Based on Improved RRT Algorithm

Ship path planning is crucial for the shipping industry, especially for the development of autonomous ships. Many algorithms have been developed over the last few decades to solve the ship path planning problem. However, it is still challenging for ship path planning in an inland waterway. In this paper, an improved RRT algorithm for ship path planning in complex inland waterways is proposed. The improved algorithm has a path shearing and smoothing module, and the function of keeping a safe distance between a moving ship and obstacles. In addition, the algorithm has been tested in two inland waterway scenarios, and the results have confirmed its feasibility and reliability. The path planning algorithm proposed in this research seeks to reduce the risks faced by ship navigation in inland water. It has theoretical and practical significance in improving navigation safety in complex inland waters.

Stochastic Path Optimization to Improve Navigation Safety in Urban Environment

Stochastic Path Optimization to Improve Navigation Safety in Urban Environment

A comprehensive framework for assessing navigation risk and deploying maritime emergency resources in the South China Sea

Owing to increasing global maritime accidents, it is highly important to optimize the allocation of limited maritime search and rescue (SAR) resources to protect crew and ships from the catastrophic influences of marine disasters. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for assessing navigation risk and deploying maritime SAR resources. The proposed framework is based on a combination of multiple criteria decision making, geospatial techniques, and game theory. First, a composite risk index is introduced and calculated for the responsibility area of each maritime SAR base by applying spatial multi-criteria decision analysis, which represents the possibility of the occurrence of accidents in the responsibility area. Next, the deployment of SAR resources for each base is likened to the playing of a cooperative game. The risk index value is used to calculate each base's Banzhaf value. Finally, the deployment of SAR resources in all bases is determined based on the Banzhaf values of each base. The northeastern South China Sea was chosen as the area for a case study to verify the usefulness of the proposed framework. The results show that the proposed approach is feasible to plan the allocation of SAR resources and to improve navigation safety.

A semi-automated approach to stowage planning for Ro-Ro ships

Stowage planning is one of the most difficult and important operational tasks in liner shipping. To help ship operators make stowage plans safer, this paper presents a semi-automated approach to creating stowage plans for Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ships. Based on the ship’s design data, accurate two-dimensional (2D) models of vehicle decks for stowage planning are established firstly. After the vehicle types for different stowage areas have been specified manually, a more realistic stowage plan is generated using an improved lowest horizontal line searching algorithm, which maximizes the deck utilization with the constraints of obstacles and ramps. Then, the ship’s flotation, stability and strength under the loading plan are assessed by using a practical method verified by Lloyd’s Register (LR) test cases. Finally, computational tests on a 3800 Pure Car and Truck Carrier (PCTC) are performed and discussed, showing that the proposed method can make comparable stowage plans to that given by the ship’s final loading manual and can be used onboard to improve navigation safety.

СПОСІБ ДЕПАРТМЕНІЗАЦІЇ ЕЛЕКТРОННОЇ КАРТИ ПРИ ЗОВНІШНЬОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ РОЗХОДЖЕННЯ СУДЕН В ЗОНІ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ СУРС

Hazards to navigation create conditions for emergency situations, even when modern navigation devices are used. Now there are a few protocols of connection between ships, which are equipped with modern intellectual devices. Modern protocols of connection between ships are calculated by artificial intelligence. Using artificial intelligence allow seafarers achieve high level of navigation safety. Ship’s remote-control needs upgrading to achieve new level of safe maneuvering. Only creating new algorithms of system checking, which are used by external operators can improve navigation safety throughout The World Ocean. Integrated method of task’s complex solution is offered by using early determination of emergency factors in course of vessels’ passing under external control in VTS area. This paper is aimed at the development of a method of safe and gradual transition to autonomous shipping in the future through the use of electronic database of dangerous parameters of ship proximity through their model situational integration into modern ship information systems of electronic charts of VTS operators. Remote control of marine facilities in the future cannot go into the stage of safe implementation without the development of an algorithm for the gradual implementation of the control system by external operators. The transition to unmanned shipping requires the establishment of checkpoints to monitor the reciprocal movement of such facilities. Therefore, it is very important to ensure a safe transition period with the operation of remote control of the external operator of the ship's traffic control systems with local direct control of the ship by her crew. The use by qualified operators of vessel traffic control systems of the method of departmentization of the electronic chart to regional orthogonal zones on the basis of areas of unacceptable convergence parameters is just one of such innovative steps in ensuring the functioning of checkpoints. In the future, this method may become a part of the main operating system of intelligent protocol of communication for remote external control of vessels.

Conceptual framework of a Global Yacht Positioning System in Poland

The sailing market continues to develop rapidly and has a high growth potential. Sailing is one of the most popular types of recreational activity in Poland due to an abundance of lakes, including the Great Masurian Lakeland Trail which received a special mention from UNESCO. The development of nautical tourism requires effective organizational and technical solutions. The absence of a public mooring information system in Poland’s inland harbors has prompted the development of the Global Yacht Positioning System (GYPS) for mobile devices. The design process was preceded by a survey of sailors and marina operators to identify their needs and expectations, as well as an inventory of marinas in the Polish region of Masuria. The developed prototype system is a mobile application that relies on data transmission, communication and satellite technologies. The proposed solution is a convenient tool that will facilitate the operations of inland harbors and improve navigation safety.

Monitoring of the technical state of communication and navigation equipment used for the inland waterways

The first stage in the construction of an effective subsystem for monitoring the technical state of communication devices and navigation equipment is to analyze the development of modern information and telecommunication systems and public networks. The analysis and construction will make it possible to find solutions to the problem of improving navigation safety. The study aims to develop a method and device for distributed monitoring of the technical state of communication devices and navigation equipment based on the monitoring of a self-contained vessel or unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with on-board automated systems with remote control of the technical means, emitting in the radio and optical wavelengths. The study used the following methods: diagnostics and control of electronic equipment, wavelet analysis, and structural synthesis. The novelty of the method and device is due to the expansion of the number of monitored aids to navigation equipment to all waves emitting in the radio or optical range; the reduction of the volume of transmitted measuring information; the use of a distributed knowledge base of the technical state of communication devices and navigation equipment. The method monitoring the technical state of communication devices and navigation equipment was proposed, and a device intended for implementing it in four modes corresponding to the four stages (preparation for monitoring; failure detection; recognition of failure and identification of its location; processing of monitoring results and report preparation|) was developed.

Maritime traffic probabilistic prediction based on ship motion pattern extraction

This paper proposes a novel maritime traffic prediction method based on ship motion pattern extraction, considering ship destination prediction and ship trajectory prediction within a specific route. To extract ship motion patterns from historical Automatic Identification System data, traffic departure-arrival areas are determined based on the Order Points to Identify the Clustering Structure algorithm and ship trajectories following the same itinerary are clustered. A maritime traffic network abstraction consisting of nodes that represent waypoint areas and navigational legs is constructed to represent the maritime traffic at a larger scale. Multinomial Logistic Regression and Gaussian Process regression models are developed and applied for predicting probabilistically the ships’ destinations and their trajectories along the ship route, respectively. Based on these models, the uncertainty on the ship's future position can be estimated given its current state. The proposed method is capable of long-term ship position prediction and provides information on the maritime traffic 10, 30 and 60 min ahead when the method is applied to all ships navigating in a study area. The presented method may assist maritime authorities to improve the efficiency of maritime traffic surveillance and to develop strategies to improve navigation safety.

Navigation safety control system development through navigator action prediction by data mining means

Taking into account current trends in the development of ergatic maritime transport systems, the factors of the navigator’s influence on vessel control processes were determined. Within the framework of the research hypothesis, to improve navigation safety, it is necessary to apply predictive data mining models and automated vessel control. The paper proposes a diagram of the ergatic vessel control system and a model for identifying the influence of the navigator “human factor” during navigation. Within the framework of the model based on the principles of navigator decision trees, prediction by data mining means is applied, taking into account the identifiers of the occurrence of a critical situation. Based on the prediction results, a method for optimal vessel control in critical situations was developed, which is triggered at the nodes of the navigator decision tree, which reduces the likelihood of a critical impact on vessel control. The proposed approaches were tested in the research laboratory “Development of decision support systems, ergatic and automated vessel control systems”. The use of the Navi Trainer 5,000 navigation simulator (Wärtsilä Corporation, Finland) and simulation of the navigation safety control system for critical situations have confirmed its effectiveness. As a result of testing, it was determined that the activation of the system allowed reducing the likelihood of critical situations by 18–54 %. In 11 % of cases, the system switched the vessel control processes to automatic mode and, as a result, reduced the risk of emergencies. The use of automated data mining tools made it possible to neutralize the negative influence of the “human factor” of the navigator and to reduce the average maneuvering time during vessel navigation to 23 %

A collision feedback based multiple access control protocol for very high frequency data exchange system in E-navigation

AbstractThe very high frequency data exchange system (VDES) is promising in promoting electronic navigation (E-navigation) and improving navigation safety. The multiple access control (MAC) protocol is crucial to the transmission performance of VDES. The self-organising time division multiple access (SOTDMA) protocol, as the only access mode given by current recommendations, leads to a high rate of transmission collisions in the traditional automatic identification system (AIS), especially with heavy traffic loads. This paper proposes a novel feedback based time division multiple access (FBTDMA) protocol to address the problems caused by SOTDMA, such that collision of transmissions can be avoided in information transmission among vessels. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed FBTDMA outperforms the traditional SOTDMA in terms of channel utilisation and throughput, and significantly reduces the transmission collision rate. The study is expected to provide insights into VDES standardisation and E-navigation modernisation.

Parcijalna analiza ECDIS EHO istraživanja: nadzor države luke

The implementation of Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) on board merchant ships involves several parties responsible for its proper use. These include inspection and maritime training institutes. Since ECDIS system is a new system and differs significantly with respect to different manufacturers, the question is how successfully inspections monitor the use of the ECDIS system. The results of concentrated campaigns by the regional port State control, previous research studies and reports produced by the International Hydrographic Organization were all analysed in this paper. The last part of the paper analyses the part of the international questionnaire that answers the question of how often respondents come across the ECDIS inspection, and what is the nature of that control. The results point to the lack of frequent control and oversight of some essential elements of the system by inspections. The results of the conducted questionnaire were compared with those of the concentrated inspection campaigns and with the results of previous research. A degree of coincidence between the obtained results reveals the need to further refine the ECDIS training process. The last chapter proposes activities aimed at improving the training of parties involved in the process for the purpose of improving navigation safety.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF JOINT HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY INDONESIA - SINGAPORE - MALAYSIA TO ENHANCE SAFETY NAVIGATION IN THE STRAIT OF MALACCA AND SINGAPORE

<p class="BadanCxSpFirst"><span lang="IN">The purpose of </span><span lang="EN-US">the </span><span lang="IN">Joint Hydrographic Survey (JHS) implementation in Straits of Malacca and Singapore (SOMS) is to improve navigation safety in TSS by using Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) technology. This is especially important given the increasing number of ships carrying out cross-transit through SOMS from year to year, while hydrographic information has not been updated since 1998. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of JHS activities at SOMS conducted by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore</span><span lang="IN">related to Indonesia's interests, specifications, and procedures, as well as the use of force in JHS activities</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span lang="IN"> This </span><span lang="EN-US">study</span><span lang="IN"> uses qualitative methods with an exploratory approach</span><span lang="EN-US"> and</span><span lang="IN"> used the NVivo Plus 12 app</span><span lang="EN-US">lication</span><span lang="IN"> to find themes from field interviews and used the Soft System Methodology (SSM). Based on the results of the study can be concluded that the effectiveness of JHS activities has been following what is expected by the three coastal countries, but the Indonesian Navy Hydrographic and Oceanography Center or Pusat Hidrografi dan Oseanografi TNI AL (Pushidrosal) as a learning organization is required to continue to be able to improve its capabilities in the implementation of JHS. From the gap of research results obtained several activities that can be carried out by Pushidrosal to increase the effectiveness of JHS in SOMS namely by evaluating the implementation of Security Officer (SO) and Technical Officer (TO) as well as preparing SOP that can be used as a standard in the implementation of JHS activities</span></p>

MATAGORDA SHIP CHANNEL AND ITS ENTRANCE'S NAVIGATION EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT VIA ADCIRC AND CMS MODEL SIMULATION

The present study investigated alternatives including deepening/widening of Matagorda Ship Channel in the south central coast of Texas to improve navigation safety through entrance inlet channel by using ADCIRC and CMS numerical models. The alternatives modify bayside channel depths from 38 ft to 50 ft, referenced to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), and widths from 200 ft to 600 ft, and deepen the entrance channel from 38 ft to 55 ft MLLW and widen the channel from 300 ft to 600 ft. The alternatives include seven new dredged material placement areas along the ship channel. Model results show the proposed ship channel dimensions will slightly increase flow efficiency and current magnitude in Matagorda Bay. Current velocities in and around ship channel tend to increase with alternatives, large river input and future sea level rise in the region. However, the current effect becomes more pronounced during tropical storms.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/YAugdJe9dIw