Improve Motor Skills Research Articles

Improvement of gross motor skills in children with hearing loss: through a game model reviewed from the aspect of independence

Abstract. This study aims to find out: (1) The difference in the influence of the water game model and the dingklik relay game on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children. (2) The difference in the effect between high and low independence on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children. (3) The interaction between the water game model and the dingklik relay game was reviewed from the aspect of independence to improve gross motor skills in deaf children. This type of research is an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population in this study is 38 deaf children of SLB N Mesuji Lampung. The sample in this study amounted to 20 deaf children who were taken using the purposive sampling technique, then ordinal pairing was carried out to divide each group. The instrument used was to measure independence using the questionnaire method, while gross motor used (1) a test of walking on a straight line of 5 meters, (2) a test of running avoiding five obstacles as far as 15 meters, (3) a test of standing on one foot for 10 seconds, (4) a test of jumping from a 15 cm high block, (5) a test of jumping from a 15 cm high beam. The data analysis technique used is ANOVA two-way. The results showed that: (1) There was a difference in the influence of the water game model and the dingklik relay game on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children, with a value of F 8.667 and a significance value of p 0.010 < 0.05. The water competition group was higher (good) compared to the dingklik relay game group with an average posttest difference of 1.3. (2) There is a difference in the influence between high and low independence on the improvement of gross motor ability in deaf children, it is proven that the F value is 22.615 and the significance value p is 0.000 < 0.05. Children who have high independence are higher (good) compared to children who have low independence, with an average posttest difference of 2.1. (3) There was an interaction between the water game model and the dingklik relay game from the aspect of independence (high and low) on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children, with a value of F 70.205 and a significance value of p 0.000 < 0.05.

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O EXCESSO DE TELAS NA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA COM O ATRASO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO NEUROMOTOR

Introduction: Early childhood is a crucial period for the development and improvement of motor, cognitive, and social skills, which are fundamental for functional independence and adequate child development. However, prolonged and excessive exposure to digital technologies among children in this age group has become increasingly common, raising important questions about the possible negative effects that increased screen time can have on children's motor and cognitive development. Objectives: Investigate how excessive use of digital devices can negatively impact neuromotor development in early childhood. Methodology: This is an Integrative Literature Review, conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and BVS databases, including articles published in the last 5 years. The selection of studies was carried out in three stages: screening of titles, reading of abstracts, and full reading of the selected articles. Results and discussion: The results indicate that exceeding one hour of screen time per day can cause impairments in children's motor, cognitive, and social development, in addition to increasing the risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and affecting improvements in communication and daily life skills. Final considerations: Prolonged use of screens in children under 6 years of age is related to motor, cognitive and social development, highlighting the importance of guiding parents and caregivers on the moderate use of electronic devices and encouraging activities that promote healthy child development.

The Synergistic Effect of Biomechanics and Psychological Feedback in Physical Education Teaching: Enhancing Motor Skills and Psychological Resilience

The combination of biomechanics and psychological feedback presents a unique approach to improving physical education outcomes. Biomechanics offers a detailed understanding of movement, allowing for the optimization of motor skills based on scientific principles. Meanwhile, psychological feedback helps students adapt mentally, fostering resilience and improving performance under pressure. This research explores how the dual application of biomechanical analysis and psychological feedback can enhance both physical and mental capacities in students during physical education. Through motion capture technology and real-time data analysis, motor skill performance is broken down into key components such as force, speed, and coordination. Students receive targeted feedback, allowing them to refine their techniques efficiently. Concurrently, psychological feedback mechanisms, such as self-reflection and stress management strategies, are introduced to help students build mental resilience and maintain focus. Results are a significant improvement in both motor skills and psychological well-being. Students displayed greater accuracy and efficiency in performing complex physical tasks and reported reduced anxiety and stress during physical education activities. The synergy between biomechanics and psychological feedback not only improved motor performance but also enhanced students' overall experience, making physical education more engaging and effective.

AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR NO DESEMPENHO MOTOR DE CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO

Sports activities have proven to be an important tool for the inclusion of children with disabilities. However, few studies highlight how the motor skills of children with disabilities develop. This study aimed to identify, through an scoping review, the contributions of Physical Education in schools towards the development of motor skills in children with disabilities. The study was conducted as an scoping review. The following criteria were used during the search process: a) databases: Scielo, Lilacs, and Google Scholar, b) keywords: physical education, motor skills, motor development, children with disabilities, c) publications between 2010 and 2024, d) studies focusing on children up to 12 years old. After applying these criteria, five articles were selected for full analysis. All selected studies were conducted in public schools in Brazil and involved children with conditions such as ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder), Down Syndrome, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, blindness, dwarfism, and global developmental delay. The main tests used were: the Motor Development Scale, Portage Operationalized Inventory, Self-Perception of Competence Test, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). Pre- and post-tests were used in four studies, which implemented intervention plans through case studies. The results indicated positive correlations, showing that multidisciplinary interventions addressing the diverse needs of children with disabilities could improve their motor domains. In conclusion, Physical Education in schools is an important tool that can contribute to the improvement of motor skills in children with disabilities. Received: 2024/09/04 Reformulated: 2024/10/11 Accepted: 2024/10/11

Treatment of a patient with Ollier’s disease

The objective was to demonstrate a clinical case of an adult patient with Olier’s disease (enchondromatosis), severe hand deformity, and its treatment in orthopedic department. Patient K., 71 years old, was treated with severe deformation of the left hand due to Ollier’s disease in Ya. L. Tsiv’yan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics in 2017. The patient underwent a one-stage multi-stage surgical intervention with removal of the endochondromas of the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th fingers, bone and tendon grafting of the defects.In 5 years after surgery, patient notes a high degree of satisfaction with the treatment. At the control visit, the preservation of the intraoperatively achieved result was established without signs of recurrence of the process or signs of malignancy. The achieved result led to the improvement of motor skills, restored a number of social self-service functions.Due to the high risks of recurrence and malignancy of the process, patients with Olier’s disease require close monitoring by clinicians. Surgical treatment of benign forms of the disease involves the implementation of an organ-preserving intervention with the reconstruction of bone and tendon ligament defects. The main goals of the intervention in this case were a removing of the pathological substrate and the improvement of hand function.

Predicting the long-term course: Shunt surgery results in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus-a comprehensive study.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder primarily affecting the elderly. Shunt surgery is the gold standard treatment, yet long-term outcome remains poorly investigated, especially concerning neuropsychological performance, motor skills and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of shunting in iNPH patients up to three years post-surgery. A cohort of 30 patients with iNPH who underwent shunt placement between January 2020 and February 2021 was followed up for three years. A standardized test battery assessed neuropsychological performance, quality of life, and motor skills. The patients were tested before and one, two and three years after surgery. Motor skills, particularly lower body function, significantly improved post-surgery and remained improved even after three years. Upper body motor skills exhibited mixed results, with improvement in manual dexterity but not in finger tapping tests. Neuropsychological assessments revealed sustained improvement in certain aspects up to three years post-surgery, while a various degree of deterioration was observed in others. Quality of life, as measured by the Rankin Scale as well as Stein and Langfitt Grading, showed initial improvement post-surgery but declined over time. iNPH patients demonstrate sustained improvements in motor skills, neuropsychological function and quality of life after shunt surgery. In long-term, motor skill and certain neuropsychological aspects remained improved, quality of life and some other neurocognitive aspects declined progressively over the follow up period.These findings underscore the importance of long-term follow-up and highlight the need for further research to better understand iNPH.

THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONALLY IMPORTANT MOBILE QUALITIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL AND APPLIED TRAINING OF STUDENTS NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE “IGOR SIKORSKY KYIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE”

Vocational applied physical training is a specialized pedagogical process of targeted training that promotes the development and improvement of motor functions and skills in accordance with professional requirements and the nature of the educational process. The importance of professional-applied physical training in promoting health is to increase the nonspecific resistance of the body, expand the adaptive potential, increase the functional capabilities of the body and prevent diseases. The block (development of functions) determines the improvement of muscle-joint sensitivity and coordination of movements, the increase in muscle strength and endurance, the development of tactile sensitivity and dexterity, improving the reaction to a moving object and sensorimotor reactions. The essence of the block (increasing the efficiency of professional activity) lies in the fact that physical labor sports are based on a general motor stereotype that helps improve the functions and systems necessary to acquire professional qualifications. Special exercises determine the level of professional suitability, the strength of mastery of professional skills, the development of professional abilities, the improvement of professionally significant functions, and the increase in the level of professional performance. The leading principles of professional-applied physical training are: professional-applied orientation of physical education classes; the use of professionally applied physical training against the background of high physical activity; stages in the formation of professionally significant functions; coincidence of the functional orientation of sports and the requirements of professional activity; adequacy of forms and methods of physical education to the nature of work in professional activities; the complexity of the use of physical education means; improvement of individual psychophysiological properties that ensure the success of training for a specific professional activity; transfer of trainability of motor qualities from sports to professional activities.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK-ANAK DI DESA RIDOGALIH MELALUI PENERAPAN OLAHRAGA TRADISIONAL LOMPAT KARET

Gross motor skills are related to the use of large muscles. To avoid delays in gross motor development in children, it is necessary to develop gross motor skills early on. One of the reasons children's gross motor skills do not develop is because there are no activities in the classroom or school that stimulate children's gross motor development. Childhood is a period of play, therefore, the implementation of the service applies socialization and mentoring methods in encouraging the development of all children, one of which is the traditional game of jumping rope rubber to develop gross motor skills in children. This community service aims to determine the improvement of children's gross motor skills in Ridogalih. The results of the implementation of this community service have a positive impact, namely increasing understanding related to the procedures for implementation and getting to know the traditional sport of rubber jumping more deeply and some children have increased agility and body balance and coordinated their eyes with their hands and feet.

Physical therapy in a patient with viral -encephalitis hemi-paresis: A Case report

The purpose of the rehabilitation program is to improve motor skills, coordination, sensory system, mobilization and other existing disorders to achieve activity of daily living (ADL). Physical therapy as part of the multidisciplinary approach can provide core stability exercises, muscular facilitation and stimulation of motion of the upper and lower extremities, balance exercises and mobility exercises, as well as strengthening exercises with PNF facilitation and active stimulation techniques and using the patient's body weight as a training burden. Bobath approach and facilitation exercise can reduce spasticity by strengthening the antagonist muscles. MMT right upper extremity 3/5, left upper extremity 4/5, right lower extremity 2/5, and left lower extremity 3/5. Ashworth scale right upper extremity 1/4, right lower extremity 2/4, and left lower extremity 1/4. Clonus is reduced, the patient can stand with maximum support without clonus for 10 minutes. Trunk impairment scale 12/23 and Barthel index 65/100. Anthropometric examination showed differences in the circumference of the lower extremities, namely the right patella circumference 34-32 cm left, right upper leg 39 cm-left 37 cm, and left lower leg 29-24 cm. Mobilize the patient to a laying position with minimal assistance. Mobilization of the patient is being able to sit with minimal assistance, namely stabilization in the pelvis, sitting to standing with moderate support, which is supported at the knee bilaterally, and standing with support at the knee and pelvic for 10 minutes. This case report concludes that although physiotherapy is done late with strengthening exercise and core stability strengthening techniques, lying down strengthening exercise, it can improve motor skills, coordination, which in turn will increase the patient's independence in carrying out functional activities and ADLs.

The Impact of Inclusive Sports Learning on Improving Motor Skills of Students with Special Needs

This study aims to analyze the impact of inclusive sports learning on improving motor skills of students with special needs, using a literature study method. A review of various relevant literature sources shows that inclusive sports learning has significant potential in improving motor skills, such as coordination, balance, muscle strength, and reflex skills. Structured and adaptively designed physical activities allow students with special needs to participate actively, contributing to better physical development. An inclusive learning environment, where students feel accepted and supported, plays a major role in increasing self-confidence and motivation to engage in physical activity. Social interactions that occur during sports activities also help students strengthen social skills, such as cooperation, communication, and empathy. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of implementing the principle of inclusion in physical education and the need to develop a curriculum that is responsive to the needs of diverse students. Recommendations for educators and policy makers include integrating inclusive sports practices into the education system, training for educators to address diversity in the classroom, and providing adequate resources to support learning. This research is expected to contribute to improving the quality of learning for all students, especially those with special needs, thereby creating a more just and equitable educational environment.

Effects of physical training on body weight, pulmonary function and dietary patterns in adolescents with obesity

Physical activity offers a powerful tool to address the challenges faced by obese teenagers. By promoting social inclusion, improving physical health, and boosting mental well-being, sports can significantly enhance their overall quality of life. Our research discusses the negative effects of obesity in adolescents and the benefits of a sports program when addressing these issues. The study involved 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) aged 14-16 for a period of eight months. Results showed significant weight loss for most participants: 26 participants lost around 10% of their body weight, another group lost around 8%, and only 4 subjects did not experience significant weight change. The study also observed a 9.5% improvement in motor skills on average. The mean weight loss difference between intervention and control was 9.30%. The study emphasizes the detrimental effects of obesity in adolescents and highlights the effectiveness of physical activity programs in promoting weight loss, enhancing respiratory function and induce healthy eating habits among obese adolescents. It also underscores the positive social and lifestyle benefits associated with regular physical activity. Keywords: physical activity; obesity; exercise; inclusion; nutrition

VRodel - A virtual sledding simulator

Introduction & Purpose Sledding is a low-cost and accessible recreational activity popular in alpine regions. However, the risk of injury is high, especially for beginners or tourists, according to the Österreichisches Kuratorium für Alpine Sicherheit (2021). Therefore, promoting sledding safety is important to minimize the number of accidents and fatalities in the sport. Sterr (2019) says, the major reason behind an accident is often the lack of skill in steering the sled. Hence, it would be ideal to acquire the skill to steer before going on a track. In many fields skill training is done in virtual reality. Realism in skill training is a major aspect in the virtual worlds according to Newman et al. (2022). Therefore, the goal of VRodel was to create a virtual environment for training that is as close as reasonably possible to reality. Methods In the first step, an environment had to be chosen that would be safe yet effective for training the skill of steering the sled. Next, the sledding track of Kühtai was transferred to a virtual model by means of drone based photogrammetry. The three-dimensional model was then cleaned, polished, and set into the virtual valley that surrounds the track. In a third step, a game was developed in the virtual world to create a virtual training experience. Input from professional sledders and comparisons to time splits of the real track were used to adapt the physics. The user steers the sled by moving their hands in space to reflect the pulling of the reins and leaning into curves. To increase immersion, the safety training uses gamification aspects. As a fourth step, the game was tested by four experts from Rodel Austria and 49 beta-testers, which gave feedback about the realism. Results The project resulted in a virtual reality safety training for the sport of sledding, that excels the current sledding simulation games in terms of appearance and realism. This was underlined by the feedback from the experts of the Austrian Luge Federation and the beta-testers that gave the simulation an average score of 4.98 out on a scale from 1 to 7. In Figure 1, a glimpse of the virtual world is visible. Discussion Le Noury et al. (2022) mention the potential of extended reality for training a skill in sports in their review. They also outlined that this field showed low efficacy on improving motor skills in the past and more research is needed. This project is addressing the needs of society for safer luging and at the same time uses an approach that needs more research according to Le Noury et al. (2022). Therefore, not only the project’s goals have been met, but also a contribution to the scientific progress in this field was made. Conclusion The immersive nature of the VRodel training program successfully engaged users, particularly children, through its gamified elements. Furthermore, this initiative not only enables sledding on a virtual track but also enables a study on the efficacy of virtual skill training in sledding.

Implementasi Permainan Tradisional Batok Kelapa Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koordinasi Gerak dan Keseimbangan Tubuh

This research aims to improve the movement coordination and body balance abilities of class 1C students at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya through the implementation of the traditional coconut shell game. This Classroom Action Research (PTK) was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed a significant improvement in students' motor skills. At pre-cycle, only 25% of students achieved the expected skills. After implementing the coconut shell game, the percentage of students who completed it increased to 42.86% in the first cycle and 82.14% in the second cycle. This increase indicates that the traditional coconut shell game is an effective method in developing students' movement coordination and body balance skills and providing a fun and active learning experience.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Combining Sensory Room and Conventional Therapies for Lebanese Children With Autism: A 10-Year Study.

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition characterized by sensory difficulties, which pose a significant challenge. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory room therapy in conjunction with traditional therapy, comparing it to traditional therapy alone, among children diagnosed with ASD in Lebanon. Methods A retrospective longitudinal study with cross-sectional survey (mixed study) was conducted over a 10-year period, involving 548 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The children were divided into two groups: group 1, comprising 306 children who received conventional therapy in addition to sensory room therapy, and group 2, consisting of 242 children who received conventional therapy alone. Data collection included sociodemographic characteristics, autism-related features, and scores from the Parental Concerns Questionnaire Inferring Alterations (PCQIA) scale, which measures sensory and behavioral characteristics. Data were collected at two time points: before the initiation of sensory room therapy and after the completion of the therapy, allowing for an assessment of changes and effectiveness post-treatment. Results In both groups, there was no significant difference in PCQIA scores following conventional therapy alone (group 1: mean score 34.1, group 2: mean score 33.4; p=0.222). However, a significant increase in PCQIA scores was observed after the addition of sensory room therapy in group 1 (combined therapy), with scores rising from a pre-therapy mean of 34.1 to a post-therapy mean of 41.7 (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between PCQIA scores and parental income. Additionally, 78.2% of parents rated sensory room therapy as highly effective, with 62% reporting significant improvement in their children's behavior and 80% noting increased engagement in extracurricular activities. Notably, 98% of parents indicated they would recommend the combined therapy to others. Conclusion Sensory room therapy demonstrates improvement in sensory challenges and motor skills among children diagnosed with ASD.

Implementasi Permainan Tradisional Batok Kelapa Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koordinasi Gerak dan Keseimbangan Tubuh

This research aims to improve the movement coordination and body balance abilities of class 1C students at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya through the implementation of the traditional coconut shell game. This Classroom Action Research (PTK) was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed a significant improvement in students' motor skills. At pre-cycle, only 25% of students achieved the expected skills. After implementing the coconut shell game, the percentage of students who completed it increased to 42.86% in the first cycle and 82.14% in the second cycle. This increase indicates that the traditional coconut shell game is an effective method in developing students' movement coordination and body balance skills and providing a fun and active learning experience.

Effects of Dance Music on Motor Skills and Balance in Children: An Observational Cohort Study.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, children in Japan were restricted from sports and outdoor activities. Regular physical activity is essential for healthy growth and development in children, with recommendations advocating for activities such as strength training. However, the long-term effects of the restrictions have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an "exercise class", specifically a dance program, designed to improve motor function in elementary school children affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may have compromised their motor function. The dance program was developed by a sports science teacher, a professional dancer, and a physical therapist, and it was evaluated in a community-based participatory study. Trained dance instructors conducted one-hour dance sessions in a medical center, held once a week for two months from June to August 2023. A physical therapist and dance instructors led the elementary school children. Outcome measures included grip strength, lower extremity muscle strength, back muscle strength, dynamic balance function during movement, physical activity time, and body fat percentages. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Twenty-four children aged 6-9 years participated in the exercise class over a two-month period. Improvement was observed in grip strength, lower extremity muscle strength, and dynamic balance function during movement. However, physical activity time, body fat percentages, and back muscle strength did not change. The results indicated a significant improvement in motor skills. Dance is an inexpensive program that elementary school children can enjoy while improving their motor skills.

Pediatric peri-insular hemispherotomy and functional hemispherectomy for severe medically refractory epilepsy: comparison of two techniques

PurposeSince it was first described in the 1970s, functional hemispherotomy has been an essential tool in treating disabling, medically refractory epilepsy resulting from diffuse unilateral hemispheric disease. We report our experience with 23 patients who underwent hemispherotomy, both using the functional hemispherotomy (FH) as well as a modified peri-insular hemispherotomy (PIH) technique. We present the surgical technique for the latter, review outcomes following disconnection surgery and discuss the differences between the techniques when it comes to complications and postoperative results. MethodsA retrospective study of 23 patients with refractory seizures who underwent cerebral hemispherectomy. A thorough analysis of the clinical, imaging, surgical features and postoperative results was performed. We also present the surgical technique for a modified PIH technique. ResultsBetween 2000 and 2020, 23 pediatric patients with refractory seizures underwent hemispherotomy (12 FHs, 11 modified PIHs). 91.3% of patients were seizure free at 6 months, 87% at 1 year, and 78.3% at last follow-up. None of the 23 patients presented Engel IV outcome. FH was found to have statistically longer surgical duration (5 ± 1.5 vs. 3.83 ± 0.5 h; p = <0.001). Neurocognition was improved in two thirds of the patients (66.9%). Our study also shows improvement of motor activity in the majority of the patients, regardless of the pathology and surgical technique. In the present report we modified the Cook et al. technique by implementing an amygdalohippocampectomy with resection of the tail of the hippocampus posteriorly and medially, to achieve temporo-occipital disconnection, instead of a complete temporal lobectomy. ConclusionWhen patients are wisely selected, the hemispherectomy procedure should be considered as a most attractive and curative treatment for children with refractory seizures, not only giving the patient a high chance of seizure freedom but also providing an improvement in motor and cognitive skills. In our particular case and based on the present study, the modified PIH proves to be a highly effective technique. It not only has a shorter surgical time but also a very low complication rate.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Kerajinan Tangan Meronce sebagai Sarana Kreativitas Anak di Panti Asuhan Abadi Aisyiyah Parepare

The beading handicraft training at Abadi Aisyiyah Orphanage in Parepare City was initiated due to the children's monotonous daily routines and limited facilities for developing their creative skills. This activity aimed to provide the children with new experiences, enhance their fine motor skills, creativity, and self-confidence. A total of 30 children from the Abadi Aisyiyah Orphanage in Parepare City participated in this activity. The training was conducted over three days, with the first day focused on demonstrating the making of bracelets and rings, followed by a creative session where the children could make crafts according to their imagination. The second day continued with demonstrations of making phone straps and keychains, followed by similar creative activities. Data collected showed a significant increase in the children's fine motor skills and self-confidence after the training. On the third day, the products were marketed, and the event was concluded. Following the training, there was a 25% increase in creativity, a 40% improvement in fine motor skills, and a 5% boost in self-confidence. Additionally, the sales of the handicraft products made by the children not only enhanced their marketing skills but also yielded a 100% profit. The profits were used to purchase beading tools and materials, ensuring the sustainability of this creative activity in the future. This activity underscores the importance of providing creative facilities for children's development in orphanages and demonstrates the positive impact of engaging in creative activities on skill development and self-confidence.

Quality of Life and Motor Function in Children with Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus: Impact on Family Functioning in Indian Rural Population

Background &amp; Purpose: Spina Bifida means “open spine”, and refers to a common congenital birth defects involving a failure of the neural tube to close or to remain closed during early embryogenesis. A significant complication for infants born with myelomeningocele is the onset of hydrocephalus. In rural Indian populations, where socioeconomic constraints and healthcare accessibility are significant challenges, the correlation between motor function and QoL becomes a critical area of investigation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore quality of life and motor function in children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus… its impact on family functioning in Indian rural population. Methodology : 20 Subjects with spina bifida and hydrocephalus, age 6 –10 years, both male and female with mean age of 47.30 months were assessed for their demographic profile according to selection criteria. They were assessed for quality of Life by using PedsQL Infant scoring Scale, Family functioning by using PEDSQLFIS, Motor function by using Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), socioeconomic status using Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale. The data was collected and computed in a systematic way and then analysed by using SPSS 20. Results : Correlational analysis was done. Statistically significant correlation was found in duration of operation and GMFM, PedsQL Infant scoring Scale and GMFM. Conclusion : This study shows that children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus in rural India benefit from better quality of life when they have improved motor skills. However, the impact of family dynamics, socioeconomic status, and the length of surgery on their quality of life was less clear. Overall, while good motor function is strongly linked to a better quality of life, other factors also play a role.

The effect of pencak silat learning on improving motor skills and character building of elementary school students

Pencak silat is one of the martial arts that needs to be taught from an early age, especially to elementary school students. This study aims to determine the effect of pencak silat learning on improving students' motor skills and character. It will use a quasi-experimental research method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Samples were taken using purposive sampling with the criteria of children aged 10-12 years and routinely participating in training for 12 weeks, totaling 20 students. Data collection techniques used sit ups, V sit and reach, stork stand, and questionnaires to measure student character. The instrument was valid with a reliability value of 0.92. The data analysis technique used an independent sample t-test with the help of the SPSS 29 program, which compared the mean between the pretest and posttest results. The results found that before pencak silat learning, students' motor skills were dominantly in the moderate category. After applying pencak silat learning, the dominant motor skills are in a good category with a P-value for the motor component of 0.004 &lt;0.05, indicating a significant difference between the motor component before and after participating in pencak silat learning. Likewise, the character value of students also experienced a significant increase after pencak silat learning with a P-value of 0.002 &lt;0.05, which indicates that there is a significant difference between character values before and after participating in pencak silat learning.