Improper Scheduling Research Articles

Evaluating the effectiveness of quantitative pupillometry in assessing dynamic aerobic training intensity

Sports injuries often arise from improper scheduling of exercise loads, and timely assessment of these loads is essential for minimizing injury risk. This article investigates the validity of using changes in pupillary light reflex (PLR) during dynamic aerobic training as a novel approach to evaluating exercise load. Dynamic aerobic training was conducted on a power bicycle for 15 min. With a 3-minute interval as the demarcation line, PLR measurement was performed before training and heart rate was recorded throughout the process. The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale invented by Borg was used for scoring before training and after training. The normal distribution of data was confirmed through the Shapiro-Wilk test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to quantify the correlation between variables. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) analysis were used to determine the indicators of exercise load. The optimal threshold of the indicators was calculated through the Youden index to evaluate sensitivity and specificity. Thirty male second-tier athletes with a mean age of 23.66 ± 2.21 years, a mean height of 175.3 ± 6.5 cm, and a mean weight of 68.99 ± 10.35 kg participated in this study. Based on the RPE scale results, it was confirmed that the 15-minute dynamic aerobic exercise successfully elicited varying levels of perceived exertion among the athletes. The findings of this study indicate significant changes in PLR and heart rate (HR) with increasing exercise duration and external load. There were strong correlations between RPE and maximum constriction velocity (MCV) (|r| = 0.8309, p < 0.001, negative correlation), maximum diameter (INIT) (r = 0.7641, p < 0.001, positive correlation), time to reach 75% recovery (T75) (|r| = 0.7289, p < 0.001, negative correlation), and HR (r = 0.8170, p < 0.001, positive correlation). Additionally, the results suggest that MCV is the most significant potential indicator for detecting internal load, exhibiting high specificity and sensitivity (AUC = 0.8509, p < 0.001). Further analysis using the Youden index identified 5.07 mm/s as the optimal cutoff value for MCV, indicating that when MCV ≤ 5.07 mm/s, the athletes’ internal load has reached an “Intense” state. PLR may be a potential indicator for assessing internal load Further investigation could involve developing a non-invasive exercise load detection system based on pupillary variable indicators, providing a valuable new approach for accurately measuring exercise load.

Energy-Efficient Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem: A Systematic Literature Review

Energy-efficient scheduling is an important problem in the industrial world because improper scheduling can increase energy consumption. One of the production scheduling problems is the Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (PFSP). This article tries to review research on energy-efficient PFSP to provide a comprehensive review of trends and research gaps in energy-efficient PFSP. A systematic literature review (SLR) was used to conduct this research survey, and 123 articles were collected from 2011-2023. This SLR classifies articles based on publication year, type, objective function, and optimization method used. The results of the literature review analysis show a significant increase every year for energy-efficient PFSP, and multi-objective problems are the dominant problems studied. Based on the analysis of solutions to solve energy efficient PFSP, metaheuristic procedures are the procedures that contribute the largest to solving energy efficient PFSP, and the objective function that is popularly used is to minimize total energy consumption. In addition to this, this study presents a gap research analysis and future research directions for energy-efficient PFSP.

Research on smart mobility in public transportation and solutions for mobility

As an important part of modern urban transportation system, smart mobility and public transportation are directly related to people's travel convenience, transportation efficiency and sustainable urban development. With the continuous progress of science and technology, smart mobility solutions play an increasingly important role in the field of smart travel and public transportation. As an important support of urban transportation system, public transportation is of great significance in reducing traffic congestion, improving air quality and saving energy. However, traditional public transportation systems often face problems such as irrational route design, improper scheduling, and untimely information transfer. Therefore, the introduction of smart mobility solutions, such as intelligent scheduling systems and passenger information services, will bring new improvement and development opportunities for public transportation. The research significance of this thesis is to conduct an in-depth study on smart mobility solutions in the field of smart mobility and public transportation, so as to explore how to promote the upgrading and improvement of the transportation system at the technical, managerial and policy levels. This paper will focus on the integration of smart mobility and public transportation, exploring the synergies between the two to achieve a more efficient, environmentally friendly and convenient way of traveling.

EVALUATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ON PROJECT SITES IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, F.C.T, ABUJA

Assessment of building construction material on building sites is a function that critically contributes to the achievement of the project goals. Poor construction materials in construction projects sites has many issues which contribute to it such as: wastage of construction materials, and improper handling on site. This work aims to consider the evaluation of construction materials on project sites. Questionnaires from field survey, interview and site observation were the source of data collected. Descriptive statistics including frequency and mean index score method was used for the study. The study reveals that most problems such as conditions of weather, management of excess materials as well as low response from company to site were identified with mean value above the average mean of 3.32. The study also indicated that most wastage, such as: change in design, improper scheduling of work plan, and lack of supervision in usage of materials observed with mean value above the average mean of 3.37. From the results of the study, it was concluded that, most activities on management of construction materials which are challenging that has to do with wastage in building construction project sites and management of construction material, were identified in the study area. Thus, the study recommends that the consultants, contractors, clients and other professionals that work in the building construction industry should upgrade their commitment toward staff training as well as developing the necessary skills needed in the industry.

Mempercepat Waktu Pelaksanaan Proyek Pembangunan Jalur Ganda Kereta Api Antara Mojokerto-Sepanjang Melalui Penjadwalan Line of Balance

In construction management, project scheduling is an important thing to note. The project schedule is a means of determining proper duration, controlling implementation progress, and allocating resources efficiently. Improper scheduling will have an impact on project delays. the project for the construction of a double track railway across the south of Java between Mojokerto-Sepanjang is planned to be completed in 60 weeks with overlapping activities due to changes in activities. This double track rail project is an ongoing project. This research aims to find out the project implementation time using the Line of Balance. The development project has a length of 3011.23 m. the Line of Balance method is carried out by determining the dependency logic, preparing a Line Of Balance schedule, drawing a Line Of Balance graph, and determining the production speed. The results of the study show that the line of balance schedule in the existing conditions has lines of intersection between jobs. The intersection indicates that there is overlapping work. For this reason, improvements are made by changing the dependency logic from work that was originally parallel to not parallel. The results of improvements made by reducing the duration per work cycle by 1 week revealed that the duration of the project could be accelerated to 38 weeks. So that the scheduling can be used to speed up the time of implementation of project activities.

Evaluation the Relationship between Mental Workload and Fatigue in Shahroud Bank Employees

Introduction: Mental workload has been raised as one of the most important issues in the workplace. In jobs where there is a lot of workload, due to fatigue and improper scheduling, efficiency is reduced, causing decreased memory, impairs thinking, and decreased learning. Tired people are more likely to choose risky behaviors, such as taking shortcuts to perform their tasks. This study aims to determine the relationship between mental workload and fatigue in bank employees.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 190 employees of Shahroud Bank in 2019. In order to collect data, the questioning method was done using NASA task load index (NASA TLX) for measuring mental workload and multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 at the significance level of 0.05 using Spearman statistical test.&#x0D; Results: Bank employees had a degree of mental workload with mean score of 75.06, and two factors of mental stress and efficiency were relatively more important than other subscales. In terms of fatigue, bank employees had an overall degree of fatigue with mean score of 52.46, and two factors of general and mental fatigue were more important in their job.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the overall mental workload is directly related to the activity reduction component. The decrease in activity also has the highest correlation with efficiency, mental, and time subscales, which reduces the activity and productivity of bank employees.

Multiobjective Optimization of Airport Ferry Vehicle Scheduling during Peak Hours Based on NSGA-II

Airport ferry vehicles are used to transport passengers between the far apron and terminals. During the peak hours of flight arrival or departure, the demand for ferry vehicles will increase, and improper scheduling will result in significant delays. In this study, we construct a 0–1 integer programming scheduling model for ferry vehicles with multiple objectives: minimize flight delays and vehicle travel distances and balance vehicle workloads when there is an insufficient number of ferry vehicles. To solve the multiobjective model, this study selects the second version of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II as the main framework and designs a modified coding and decoding scheme to solve the constraint problem in the model. The proposed model and algorithm are verified using actual data from Kunming Changshui International Airport, China. Compared with the scheduling method of manual first come first serve, the total delay time of the proposed model is reduced by 24.52%, the transit distance by 6.63%, and the balance index by 24.05%, which helps the airport solve the problem of insufficient ferry vehicles during peak hours. Comparison results show that the proposed model has a shorter calculation time and better distribution of solution sets than three state-of-the-art multiobjective optimization algorithms: MOPSO, MOACO, and SPEA-II. This research can help airports reduce flight delays, vehicle purchases, and operation costs.

INCIDENCE OF CANCELLATIONS OF ELECTIVE OPERATIONS ON THE INTENDED DAY OF SURGERY AT A SUPER SPECIALITY HOSPITAL AND THEIR REASONS: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Background: Any elective surgical case that is scheduled on the OT list on the day prior to surgery but not operated upon as scheduled can be regarded as an elective surgical case cancellation. Case cancellation is considered a major cause of wastage of material and human resources in the hospital and has a major impact of psychological setback to patients together with their families as well. Reasons for cancellations are quite complex and vary from hospital to hospital because they are correlated to patients in that area, management of hospital, organizational issues, and other hospital and OR staff. Methods: Among 1600 participants, a retrospective hospital-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in a super speciality hospital. A selfadministered questionnaire with an observatory checklist was used for collecting and assorting data from the OR managers, case related anaesthetists, nurses, and surgeons. Results: In this study, 1600 patients were scheduled for elective surgical operations. Among those, nearly almost one-sixth 259 (16.19%) of the operations were cancelled and 1341 (83.81%) patients were operated on their planned date. The reasons for cancellation were patient related (65.3%), anaesthesia related (10%), management related (9.3%) and rest were surgeon related factors (1.2%). The cancellations happened mainly due to improper scheduling (14.3%) which were rescheduled at some other time, unavailability of surgeons (1.1%), unavailability of oxygen and blood (1.1%) and equipment (0.7%). Department wise if the study was viewed at, General surgery (27%) urology (20.8%) and orthopaedics (15.1%) were the commonest cancelled cases. Conclusion: The cancellation rate at our medical centre remains relatively low. Patient related causes, medical illness, and management related causes were the commonest reason for the cancellation of elective operations.

Traffic Signal Control System Based on Intelligent Transportation System and Reinforcement Learning

Traffic congestion has several causes, including insufficient road capacity, unrestricted demand and improper scheduling of traffic signal phases. A great variety of efforts have been made to properly program such phases. Some of them are based on traditional transportation assumptions, and others are adaptive, allowing the system to learn the control law (signal program) from data obtained from different sources. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a technique commonly used in previous research. However, properly determining the states and the reward is key to obtain good results and to have a real chance to implement it. This paper proposes and implements a traffic signal control system (TSCS), detailing its development stages: (a) Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) architecture design for the TSCS; (b) design and development of a system prototype, including an RL algorithm to minimize the vehicle queue at intersections, and detection and calculation of such queues by adapting a computer vision algorithm; and (c) design and development of system tests to validate operation of the algorithms and the system prototype. Results include the development of the tests for each module (vehicle queue measurement and RL algorithm) and real-time integration tests. Finally, the article presents a system simulation in the context of a medium-sized city in a developing country, showing that the proposed system allowed reduction of vehicle queues by 29%, of waiting time by 50%, and of lost time by 50%, when compared to fixed phase times in traffic signals.

Scheduling Period Selection Based on Stability Analysis for Engagement Control Task of Automatic Clutches

The clutch engagement process involves three phases known as open, slipping, and locked and takes a few seconds. The engagement control program runs in an embedded control unit, in which discretization may induce oscillation and even instability in the powertrain due to an improper scheduling period for the engagement control task. To properly select the scheduling period, a methodology for control–scheduling co-design during clutch engagement is proposed. Considering the transition of the friction state from slipping to being locked, the co-design framework consists of two steps. In the first step, a stability analysis is conducted for the slipping phase based on a linearized system model enveloping the driving and driven part of the clutch, feed-forward and feedback control loop together with a zero-order signal hold element. The critical period is determined according to pole locations, and factors influencing the critical period are investigated. In the second step, real-time hardware-in-the-loop experiments are carried out to inspect the dynamic response concerning the friction state transition. A sub-boundary within the stable region is found to guarantee the control performance to satisfy the engineering requirements. In general, the vehicle jerk and clutch frictional loss increase with the increase in the scheduling period. When the scheduling period is shorter than the critical period, the rate of increase is mild. However, once the scheduling period exceeds the critical period, the rate of increase becomes very high.

A mathematical model and a heuristic approach for train seat scheduling to minimize dwell time

Rail is fast becoming a key instrument in the transportation of passengers and cargo. Especially, high-speed trains are gaining more importance in recent decades to passenger transportation. However, some problem arises for passenger transportation due to passengers' improper scheduling or trains' dwell time. These problems negatively affect customer satisfaction and revenue management. Although there are many studies about customer satisfaction and revenue management for transportation, a small part of these studies are illustrated in railways. In this study, the train seat scheduling problem is converted into a parallel machine scheduling problem and the problem is redefined considering the scheduling perspective. Then, a mathematical model and a heuristic algorithm are developed considering the mentioned problems. The proposed algorithm provides a feasible scheduling plan in a reasonable time scale, considering dwell times and a proper scheduling plan. Both methods are used to solve the problem, and comparative results are presented.

Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing based on Meta-heuristics: Review, Taxonomy, Open Challenges, and Future Trends

• A systematic review on meta-heuristic based task scheduling in cloud is presented. • A novel rigorous taxonomy of meta-heuristic methods in the literature is proposed. • Findings pertaining to involved aspects are verified through an in-depth analysis. • Cloud simulation tools most used in the literature are deeply addressed and analyzed. • Open issues and challenges are outlined, along with a few recommended future trends. Cloud computing is a recently looming-evoked paradigm, the aim of which is to provide on-demand, pay-as-you-go, internet-based access to shared computing resources (hardware and software) in a metered, self-service, dynamically scalable fashion. A related hot topic at the moment is task scheduling, which is well known for delivering critical cloud service performance. However, the dilemmas of resources being underutilized (underloaded) and overutilized (overloaded) may arise as a result of improper scheduling, which in turn leads to either wastage of cloud resources or degradation in service performance, respectively. Thus, the idea of incorporating meta-heuristic algorithms into task scheduling emerged in order to efficiently distribute complex and diverse incoming tasks (cloudlets) across available limited resources, within a reasonable time. Meta-heuristic techniques have proven very capable of solving scheduling problems, which is fulfilled herein from a cloud perspective by first providing a brief on traditional and heuristic scheduling methods before diving deeply into the most popular meta-heuristics for cloud task scheduling followed by a detailed systematic review featuring a novel taxonomy of those techniques, along with their advantages and limitations. More specifically, in this study, the basic concepts of cloud task scheduling are addressed smoothly, as well as diverse swarm, evolutionary, physical, emerging, and hybrid meta-heuristic scheduling techniques are categorized as per the nature of the scheduling problem (i.e., single- or multi-objective), the primary objective of scheduling, task-resource mapping scheme, and scheduling constraint. Armed with these methods, some of the most recent relevant literature are surveyed, and insights into the identification of existing challenges are presented, along with a trail to potential solutions. Furthermore, guidelines to future research directions drawn from recently emerging trends are outlined, which should definitely contribute to assisting current researchers and practitioners as well as pave the way for newbies excited about cloud task scheduling to pursue their own glory in the field.

A study and identification of the time and cost overrun in the construction project

The construction industry features a major impact on all country economies. It is one among the components that contributes to the expansion of any economy. The achievement of the project's goal and goals within the time and budget constraints is critical to any project's success. In this article, an attempt has been made to figure out how much time is delayed and how much cost is overrun on the Kanaka Durga Flyover in Vijayawada. Planning of the Kanaka Durga flyover alignment plan and crash barrier & expansion joints progress map using AutoCAD software were done. It is found that due to river Krishna Pushkaralu, unexpected water overflow at barrage, lack of machinery and its maintenance, lack of skilled labor pool and improper scheduling and high change of project scopes are the explanations liable for delays. As a result, it is often concluded that the careful planning and follow-up will help to stop cost overruns and time delays.

Nutritional quality of onion as influenced by irrigation scheduling and nitrogen fertigation

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important vegetable cash crop grown throughout the world. India has largest area under onion cultivation and second largest producer after China in the world. But the productivity per unit area is quite low as compared to other developed countries may be due to improper irrigation scheduling and inadequate supply of nutrients. This study investigated the influence of different levels of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation on nutritional quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) at Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment comprised of sixteen treatment combinations involving four irrigation levels (drip irrigation at 60, 80, 100 and 120% CPE) and four nitrogen levels (75, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha of nitrogen through fertigation) were laid out in split plot design with three replications. The nutrients content of onion were significantly influenced by different levels of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation. Nutritional quality of onion was significantly increased with the increasing levels of drip irrigation up to 100% CPE and nitrogen fertigation up to 125 kg/ha and then decreased with the further increasing levels of both irrigation and nitrogen fertigation in both years. The maximum nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur content in onion bulb (2.42 and 2.51% N, 0.59 and 0.75% P, 2.63 and 2.70% K and 2.14 and 2.15% S, respectively) and leaf (1.37 and 1.37% N, 0.34 and 0.46% P, 2.02 and 1.73% K and 1.99 and 1.97% S, respectively) were recorded with the irrigation at 100% CPE in combination with 125 kg/ha nitrogen application through drip as compared to all other treatment combinations, while the minimum content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in onion bulb and leaf were recorded in treatment where the irrigation applied at 60% CPE in combination with 75 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation during both years of study.

Optimal scheduling of airport ferry vehicles based on capacity network

For daily airport operations, the insufficient number and the improper scheduling of ground support vehicles are the main causes of flight delays. In this paper, a novel network model is proposed to complement the optimal scheduling of ferry vehicles for the flight ground support service. In the process of model construction, we first innovatively construct a ferry vehicle capacity network by having the introduced virtual flights and the ferry vehicle depot as nodes, in which the directed edges indicate that the two nodes associated may be consecutively served by the same ferry vehicle. Based on the capacity network, a mixed integer programming model is constructed to minimize the number of ferry vehicles needed. In addition, this paper shows that the mixed integer programming is equivalent to a linear programming when the service start time of each flight is fixed, which makes the solving process more efficient, and the linear programming model can be applied to solve the minimum node-disjoint path cover of directed acyclic graphs. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are validated by the actual flight data obtained from Beijing Capital International Airport. This study will provide a methodological reference for the optimal scheduling of airport ferry vehicles.

Fuzzy guided integrative factors-based spectrum decision-making in cognitive radio networks

PurposeElectronic devices aid communication during new communication phases and the scope of cognitive radio networks has changed communication paradigms through efficient use of spectrums. The communication prototype of cognitive radio networks defines user roles as primary user and secondary user in the context of the spectrum allocation and use. The users who have licensed authority of the spectrum are denoted as primary users, while other eligible users who access the corresponding spectrum are secondary users.Design/methodology/approachThe multiple factors of transmission service quality can have a negative influence due to improper scheduling of spectrum bands between primary users and secondary users. There are considerable contributions in contemporary literature concerning spectrum band scheduling under spectrum sensing. However, the majority of the scheduling models are intended to manage a limited number of transmission service quality factors. Moreover, these service quality factors are functional and derived algorithmically from the current corresponding spectrum. However, there is evidence of credible performance deficiency regarding contemporary spectrum sensing methodsFindingsThis article intends to portray a fuzzy guided integrated factors-based spectrum band sharing within the spectrum used by secondary users. This study attempts to explain the significance of this proposal compared to other contemporary models.Originality/valueThis article intends to portray a fuzzy guided integrated factors-based spectrum band sharing within the spectrum used by secondary users. This study attempts to explain the significance of this proposal compared to other contemporary models.

Analyzing CMMI RSKM with small software industries at level-1

Risk is inherently associated with each and every entity of this universe and software is not an exception to this fact. Risk can be anything that adversely affects the progress (during development) and success of software after deployment. It can occur due to incorrect assessment of user-requirements, fallacious estimates of overall development cost, improper project schedule, or quality specifications that are unattainable within the software-specific constraints. Though risks are involved in every phase of software development life cycle (SDLC) and it has been universally admitted that testing phase consumes significant part of SDLC. Testing phase is the most vulnerable one and poses a great threat to the acceptance as well as to the post deployment success of software. This paper presents the possible consequences of including risk management activities at the very first level of CMMI exclusively for small software industries (SSI) like start-ups. Based on these consequences a process improvement model for SSI is also proposed in this paper.

Identification of Gaps and Remedies for Center Pivot Sprinkler Irrigation System in North-West Ethiopia

The study was carried out to study on identification of performance gaps for improvement of center pivot sprinkler system in the Tigray region of Northwest Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to identify center pivot sprinkler irrigation system gaps and suggest remedial measures for improvement of the center pivot sprinkler irrigation system. The methods used for gap Identification were observation, Interview, measurement, and using design document. Center pivot sprinkler gaps identification study revealed that Excess runoff due to leaky boots and higher application depth, absence of regular checkup for emitting devices, and improper scheduling were dominant gaps and Making functional an Automatic control system, regular checkup and maintenance of emitting accessories and proper scheduling could minimize the identified problems and finally the irrigation efficiency would be amended.

A genetic algorithm‐based flow update scheduler for software‐defined networks

SummarySoftware‐defined networking (SDN) facilitates network programmability through a central controller. It dynamically modifies the network configuration to adapt to the changes in the network. In SDN, the controller updates the network configuration through flow updates, ie, installing the flow rules in network devices. However, during the network update, improper scheduling of flow updates can lead to a number of problems including overflowing of the switch flow table memory and the link bandwidth. Another challenge is minimizing the network update completion time during large‐network updates triggered by events such as traffic engineering path updates. The existing centralized approaches do not search the solution space for flow update schedules with optimal completion time. We proposed a hybrid genetic algorithm‐based flow update scheduling method (the GA‐Flow Scheduler). By searching the solution space, the GA‐Flow Scheduler attempts to minimize the completion time of the network update without overflowing the flow table memory of the switches and the link bandwidth. It can be used in combination with other existing flow scheduling methods to improve the network performance and reduce the flow update completion time. In this paper, the GA‐Flow Scheduler is combined with a stand‐alone method called the three‐step method. Through large‐scale experiments, we show that the proposed hybrid approach could reduce the network update time and packet loss. It is concluded that the proposed GA‐Flow Scheduler provides improved performance over the stand‐alone three‐step method. Also, it handles the above‐mentioned network update problems in SDN.

Incidence and causes of cancellations of elective operation on the intended day of surgery at a tertiary referral academic medical center in Ethiopia

BackgroundElective surgical case cancellation refers to any elective surgical case that is the list on the day prior to surgery but not operated upon as scheduled. Case cancellation has a major cause of psychological trauma to patients and their families. Despite little is known in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess incidence and reasons of cancellations of elective operation on the intended day of surgery at tertiary referral academic medical center in Ethiopia.MethodsA prospective hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in a tertiary referral academic medical center in Ethiopia among 146 participants. A self-administered questionnaire with an observatory checklist was used for collecting data from the anesthetist, nurse, and surgeons.ResultIn this study, 462 patients were scheduled for elective surgical operations. Among those, nearly almost one-third 146 (31.6%) of the operations were cancelled and 316 (68.4%) patients were operated on their planned date. The most common reason for cancellation were surgeon related (35.8%), patient related (28.7%), management related (21.2%) and anesthesia related factors (14. 4%). The cancellation was mainly due to improper scheduling (20.5%%), unavailability of surgeons (8.9%), unavailability of oxygen and blood (8%) and equipment (5.5%). Orthopedic (28.8%) and general surgery (17.1%) were the commonest cancelled cases.ConclusionThe cancellation rate in our academic medical center remains high. Improper scheduling, unavailability of surgeons, medical illness, and unavailability of operating room equipment were the commonest reason for the cancellation of elective operation. Most cancellations were preventable. For this, proper preoperative assessment, proper scheduling, fulfilling necessary operating room equipment’s and cross-matched blood by the hospital and other stakeholders, early clear communication with operating room team like surgeons was recommended.