Improper Waste Disposal Research Articles

Resilience optimization in disruption-prone sustainable reverse supply chains for lead-acid battery waste management in Brazil: A stochastic model for public and private policy formulation

This study explores the relationship between disruptive events in supply chains and investments from public and private policies aimed at recovery. It focuses on the improper disposal of lead-acid battery waste in Brazil, which poses environmental and health risks, and suggests strategies for managing this waste through Brazilian reverse supply chains. A stochastic model was developed to optimize investments in resilient capabilities like absorption, adaptation, and recovery before and after disruptions. The results show that proactive investments should prioritize creating redundancies and collaboration to ensure timely restoration of waste supply, especially during low-severity events. The study provides a model that guides the allocation of resources for sustainable waste management in Brazilian lead-acid battery operations and highlights the importance of public and private policy formulation in enhancing supply chain resilience.

Coevolution Mechanism of Remanufacturer–Construction Enterprise–Public in Construction and Demolition Waste Resource Utilization Projects under Green Value Co-Creation

The utilization of resources plays a crucial role in mitigating the environmental pollution issue that improper disposal of construction and demolition waste (CDW) causes. However, the slow growth of the recycled building materials market limits the development of CDW resource utilization. Green value co-creation among remanufacturers, construction enterprises, and the public in CDW resource utilization projects is an effective way to address the issue. This study, based on the theory of value co-creation, uses the evolutionary game method to construct an evolutionary game model for CDW resource utilization projects. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) When the degree of green value co-creation is 0.1 or 0.5, the remanufacturer, the construction enterprise, and the public cannot maintain a state of green value co-creation; when the degree of green value co-creation is 0.9, the remanufacturer, the construction enterprise, and the public in the CDW resource utilization project finally reach a stable state of green value co-creation. (2) When the degree of green value co-creation is 0.5, enhancing the green value co-creation willingness of the remanufacturer or the public can lead other CDW resource utilization project stakeholders to participate in green value co-creation. This study contributes to the promotion of stakeholder cooperation in CDW resource utilization projects, thus providing implications for the promotion of CDW resources.

Understanding and addressing microplastic pollution: Impacts, mitigation, and future perspectives

Improper disposal of household and industrial waste into water bodies has transformed them into de facto dumping grounds. Plastic debris, weathered on beaches degrades into micro-particles and releases chemical additives that enter the water. Microplastic contamination is documented globally in both marine and freshwater environments, posing a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. The small size of these particles makes them susceptible to ingestion by low trophic fauna, a trend expected to escalate. Ingestion leads to adverse effects like intestinal blockages, alterations in lipid metabolism, histopathological changes in the intestine, contributing to the extinction of vulnerable species and disrupting ecosystem balance. Notably, microplastics (MPs) can act as carriers for pathogens, potentially causing impaired reproductive activity, decreased immunity, and cancer in various organisms. Studies have identified seven principal sources of MPs, including synthetic textiles (35%) and tire abrasion (28%), highlighting the significant human contribution to this pollution. This review covers various aspects of microplastic pollution, including sources, extraction methods, and its profound impact on ecosystems. Additionally, it explores preventive measures, aiming to guide researchers in selecting techniques and inspiring further investigation into the far-reaching impacts of microplastic pollution, fostering effective solutions for this environmental challenge.

Solid Waste in Urban Areas: A Multidimensional Statistical Approach on Irregular Disposal and Burning in the Municipality of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais

The improper disposal of urban waste is a global concern, especially in large cities considering aspects of environmental and visual pollution. This study provides a detailed analysis of the municipality of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, identifying local nuances and a better understanding of this issue to support decisions for corrective actions. It assesses the persistence and incidence of waste burning at irregular disposal sites in the municipality, emphasizing its environmental and health impacts. This work utilized a combined approach of georeferenced mapping with Google Earth Pro images, complemented by in-situ checks with GPS devices. The statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using the PSPP software. Statistical analyses were supported by contingency tables, the application of the chi-square test, Phi, Cramer's V, and Odds Ratio, evaluating the characteristics of the associations. A strong association was identified between the persistent disposal of solid waste in undeveloped areas and the presence of tree pruning and gardening waste. The research also demonstrated a significant association of areas with signs of burning that were located in public spaces. Additionally, a significant statistical association was confirmed at sites where paper and plastic disposals and burning were identified. This research expands the understanding of disposal practices in urban contexts and provides a replicable model of combined georeferenced analysis with physical checks, in addition to the risks to public health and the environment. The results obtained demonstrate direct implications for waste management policies, raising awareness of the consequences of improper disposal and burning.

Investigating the utilization of oxidized textile residue as a strengthening substance in the composition of subgrade soil for pavement construction

<p>The textile industry, vital in the country's industrialization and playing a crucial role in the national economy, generates solid byproducts known as textile sludge. Integrating waste into stabilized soils, along with textile sludge (TS), fly ash (FA), and asphalt additives, offers scientific, economic and sustainability benefits. This study aimed to examine the subsurface solidification technique employing sludge and two supplement additives (asphalt and fly ash additive) implemented on pavement groundwork and supporting layers. The research involved characterization tests and physical soil stabilization with TS and stabilizers (fly ash, and asphalt) at proportions of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% as soil additives, which were carried out experimentally. The test results highlighted the potential application of soil-textile sludge mixtures in pavement strata (support and subgrade). The inclusion of fly ash has been proven to be the most effective method for chemically stabilizing the sludge. The maximum dry density was achieved with soil containing 10% textile sludge, supplemented with 15% fly ash. This resulted in a notable increase in UCS value from 235 kN/m2 to 242 kN/m2 and an improvement in CBR value from 4.1% to 9.12%. Furthermore, the addition of 5% bitumen further enhanced the UCS value, reaching 451 kN/m2 and significantly increased the CBR value to 21.6%. Stabilizing textile sludge offers significant environmental benefits by mitigating issues associated with improper waste disposal.</p>

Bibliometric Analysis Of Urban Drainage Flood Management

Floods are a frequent and challenging disaster, caused by factors such as heavy rainfall and improper waste disposal in drainage systems, leading to significant material and non-material losses. Effective measures are needed to mitigate flood impacts. This study uses bibliometric analysis to explore methods for flood disaster management, employing Publish or Perish software to filter relevant journals from Crossref. The data, including research titles, authors, publication years, and journal sources, is processed using VOSViewer software. The analysis shows that keywords like rainfall, drainage, and flood mitigation are central to the research, highlighting strong interconnections. The diversity of publishers and research types contributes to a global perspective, forming a solid research foundation. The study also tracks the growth of research on flood management in drainage channels from 2016 to 2023 and identifies diverse geographical case study regions. This analysis underscores the continued relevance and potential of this research to support effective global flood mitigation strategies.

Strategies for Enhancing Solid Waste Management Practices in Urban Secondary Schools in Developing Countries

Effective solid waste management in urban secondary schools in developing countries is essential for mitigating environmental and health risks associated with improper waste disposal. This manuscript examines current practices and proposes strategies to enhance solid waste management in these educational settings. Current practices include efforts to reduce packaging materials, promote recycling and composting initiatives, utilize sorting and processing technologies, and implement anaerobic digestion for organic waste treatment. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and insufficient awareness among students and staff hinder effective waste management. This study also investigates current solid waste generation rates specific to urban secondary schools, highlighting variability influenced by factors like population density and consumption patterns. The environmental impact of poor waste management includes pollution of air, soil, and water, as well as habitat. Health concerns arise from disease transmission due to breeding grounds for vectors like mosquitoes in stagnant water and exposure to hazardous chemicals from improperly managed waste. To address these challenges, comprehensive strategies are proposed, encompassing infrastructure development, educational programs integrating waste management into the curriculum, community engagement, and policy advocacy. These strategies aim to promote sustainable practices, improve waste segregation, enhance recycling rates, and reduce the overall environmental footprint of urban secondary schools in developing countries. Implementation of these strategies is crucial for fostering a cleaner, healthier environment and empowering future generations with environmental stewardship values.

Framework design of recycling system for expired medicine and waste batteries in Chinese community

Abstract Hazardous waste poses a significant threat to the environment. Improper disposal of hazardous waste generated from residents’ daily activities can substantially burden the environment. Expired medicine and waste batteries pose the most significant risks to Chinese residents regarding hazardous waste exposure. Approximately 15,000 tons of expired medicine and 3 million tons of waste batteries are generated annually, further exacerbating the environmental burden. Research on hazardous waste generated by residents’ daily lives has received significant attention in China. Most studies have concentrated on enhancing the structure of recycling equipment and conducting theoretical analyses of recycling strategies. However, further research is required to conduct a comprehensive design process study specifically tailored to the characteristics of the Chinese community. Based on the findings from a questionnaire survey conducted among Chinese residents, this survey showed that more than 90% of the participants intended to recycle used batteries and expired medications. However, it was observed that only 30% of the residents were currently engaged in voluntary sorting and recycling practices for these items. Given the prevailing circumstances, this study proposes a design framework to enhance recycling awareness among Chinese residents. The system design scheme is based on the design framework and includes the cooperation of residents and community workers. This recycling system scheme includes a recycling bin 3D model and a WeChat mini-program design. This recycling system facilitates the dissemination of scientific knowledge about hazardous waste through a WeChat mini-program. Moreover, implementing a user-point reward mechanism has proven effective in incentivizing resident participation in recycling activities. Building upon the comprehensive design framework, this study seamlessly integrates green design principles into the daily lives of Chinese residents.

"EFFECT OF WEBINAR REGARDING IMPACT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE ON ENVIRONMENT AND IT’S PREVENTION AMONG NOVICE NURSING STUDENTS OF SELECTED COLLEGES OF ODISHA"

Biomedical waste, sometimes known as hospital trash, is created during the treatment of people as well as during biologics research, that contains potentially contagious materials and affect the environment due to improper disposal of waste. As nurses are backbone of the health care delivery system though they are working 24 hours a day. Novice nursing students have less knowledge on impact of biomedical waste on environment& its prevention. The current Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research study conducted in 3 nursing colleges of Odisha with 500 first year nursing students who are selected randomly by using convenience sampling technique. The result of the current study revealed that, majority of nursing students in Post-test (77.33%) are having good knowledge than Pre-test knowledge (3.33%).There was a significant mean difference (7.1) exists between pre-post test knowledge score and 0.1 SD difference exists between the pre and post-test. The present study revealed that, there is lack of adequate knowledge among nursing students regarding management of biomedical waste in view of its impact on the different aspects of the environment. The management of biomedical waste should be assessed as soon as possible in order to raise awareness for proper collection, segregation and disposal to prevent contamination of waste towards environment amongfuture nursing officers at their training courses.

Experimental and numerical assessment of GFRP and synthetic fiber reinforced waste aggregate concrete members

Improper disposal of plastic waste (P-waste) poses significant pollution and health risks to the environment. Additionally, steel rebar corrosion in concrete structures reduces their strength and serviceability. To address these issues, this study explores using glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars and replacing natural coarse aggregates with P-waste aggregates for sustainable and eco-friendly construction. This work investigates the axial performance of polypropylene structural fiber-reinforced P-waste aggregate concrete (SFPC) compressive components having GFRP-reinforcement (GSFPC) under various loading conditions. For comparison, steel-reinforced SFPC compressive components (SSFPC) were also fabricated. Eighteen circular components with 1200 mm height and 300 mm diameter were tested and compared under different loading conditions. SSFPC components exhibited up to 21.9 % higher axial strength but up to 27.4 % lower ductility compared to GSFPC components. Eccentric loading similarly reduced axial strength in both GSFPC and SSFPC components. A 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) of GSFPC components was proposed using a modified damaged plastic model for SFPC which showed deviations of 2.3 % in axial strength and 7.7 % in equivalent axial shortening, demonstrating a good accuracy of the FEA model.

Assessment of drinking water quality using Water Quality Index and synthetic pollution index in urban areas of mega city Lahore: a GIS-based approach

The aim of the present study was to assess the drinking water quality in the selected urban areas of Lahore and to comprehend the public health status by addressing the basic drinking water quality parameters. Total 50 tap water samples were collected from groundwater in the two selected areas of district Lahore i.e., Gulshan-e-Ravi (site 1) and Samanabad (site 2). Water samples were analyzed in the laboratory to elucidate physico-chemical parameters including pH, turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness, magnesium hardness, and calcium hardness. These physico-chemical parameters were used to examine the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) in order to characterize the water quality. Results of th selected physico-chemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to determine the quality of drinking water. A GIS-based approach was used for mapping water quality, WQI, and SPI. Results of the present study revealed that the average value of temperature, pH, and DO of both study sites were within the WHO guidelines of 23.5 °C, 7.7, and 6.9 mg/L, respectively. The TDS level of site 1 was 192.56 mg/L (within WHO guidelines) and whereas, in site 2 it was found 612.84 mg/L (higher than WHO guidelines), respectively. Calcium hardness of site 1 and site 2 was observed within the range from 25.04 to 65.732 mg/L but, magnesium hardness values were higher than WHO guidelines. The major reason for poor water quality is old, worn-out water supply pipelines and improper waste disposal in the selected areas. The average WQI was found as 59.66 for site 1 and 77.30 for site 2. Results showed that the quality of the water was classified as “poor” for site 1 and “very poor “ for site 2. There is a need to address the problem of poor water quality and also raise the public awareness about the quality of drinking water and its associated health impacts.

Influence of seawater mixing on fresh and mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete containing spent garnet

Abstract The rapid advancement in construction practices has led to a higher demand for natural aggregates in the production of concrete. Simultaneously, there has been an increase in pollution due to the improper disposal of industrial waste. Effective waste management has become imperative to prevent environmental harm. A sustainable solution involves incorporating waste materials such as oil palm shells (OPS) from the palm oil industry and spent garnet from shipbuilding activities into concrete production. This research aims to explore the impact of introducing spent garnet as a partial substitute for sand on the fresh and hardened properties of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) made with OPS, mixed with seawater. Two sets of concrete mixes were prepared, varying the proportion of spent garnet as a partial replacement for fine aggregate, and both seawater and freshwater were used in the mixing process. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate workability, oven-dry density, and compressive strength of the concrete. The findings indicate that the workability decreases in freshwater but improves in both freshwater and seawater when spent garnet is added. All mixtures containing spent garnet qualify as LWAC. Notably, seawater-mixed OPS LWAC, with 10 % spent garnet, demonstrates the highest compressive strength. The use of seawater accelerates hydration, enhancing concrete strength compared to freshwater. In conclusion, incorporating spent garnet as a replacement for sand in concrete production results in environmentally friendly OPS LWAC. This approach contributes to waste reduction and minimizes reliance on landfills, promoting sustainable construction practices.

THE EFFECTS OF CRIMINAL LAW ON LEGAL SUBJECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT THAT DAMAGES THE ENVIRONMENT

Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia establishes constitutional and human rights for all citizens, outlining principles for managing the environment. These principles include state responsibility, justice, and sustainability. Despite the constitutional emphasis on the right to a good and healthy environment, environmental crimes are prevalent in Indonesia, particularly where companies dispose of waste directly into rivers, leading to pollution. While Article 28H, paragraph (1) underscores the right of individuals to live prosperously in a physically and mentally healthy environment, the reality contradicts these rights. Business activities in certain regions, especially along rivers, do not align with these principles. The prevalent criminal acts often involve improper waste disposal into rivers, causing environmental degradation. It is essential to consider Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management to tackle these challenges. According to Article 1, 14 of this legislation, environmental pollution is defined as human activities leading to the introduction or involvement of living beings, substances, energy, or other environmental elements, exceeding the quality standards set for environmental conditions. This study employs a normative juridical research method that incorporates three distinct approaches. The first approach is the statutory approach, involving a thorough examination of legal regulations relevant to the central focus of the research. The second approach, the conceptual approach, involves comprehending the legal concepts that underlie the research, including the values ​​inherent in the norms. Lastly, the case approach analyzes legal norms or principles applicable to Environmental Criminal Offenses, encompassing regulations, accountability, and possible legal consequences. Environmental pollution can be explained based on Article 1, number 14 of Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.

The impact of improper waste disposal on human health and the environment: a case of Umgungundlovu District in KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa

The impact of improper waste disposal on human health and the environment: a case of Umgungundlovu District in KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa

A Study on Waste Disposal Management at Government Hospital in Up

The management of waste disposal in government hospitals across Uttar Pradesh (UP) is a critical issue that significantly impacts public health and environmental sustainability. This research paper aims to explore the current state of waste disposal practices in these facilities, identifying challenges, and proposing sustainable solutions. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews to gather insights from hospital staff, waste management professionals, and local community members. Key findings reveal significant gaps in waste segregation, collection, transportation, and treatment processes, leading to improper waste disposal and potential health risks. The research also highlights the lack of awareness among hospital staff about the importance of waste segregation and the absence of effective policies to manage biomedical waste. Recommendations include the implementation of comprehensive waste management training programs for hospital staff, the establishment of dedicated waste management units within hospitals, and the promotion of community-based waste segregation initiatives. This study underscores the urgent need for improved waste disposal management in government hospitals in UP to safeguard public health and the environment.

Recycling Covid-19 Personal Face Masks Used in Concrete

Recently, Covid-19 and other pandemics have led to a surge in the production and utilization of personal face masks, resulting in high increases in waste generation. Improper disposal of such waste endangers living organisms and the environment as most of these masks contain derivatives of plastics. Moreover, conventional disposal methods, such as incineration and landfills are not sustainable for dealing with such plastic-sourced wastes. This research proposes a creative solution to address such issues by incorporating face masks into the concrete mix. In this research, face masks were cut into rectangular pieces of approximately 2cm by 4 cm and added to the concrete mix at different percentages: 2%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% by volume. Samples of cubes and cylinders from each mix were casted and examined the effect of masks on the strength of concrete. The compression test results presented valuable insights into the impact of adding masks to concrete and suggested that adding 2% - 2.5% of face mask by volume to the concrete mix can be enhanced or at least did not negatively impact the concrete strength. Such results are beneficial in reducing the amount of generated waste masks to be used in concrete without any negative impact on concrete properties.

Waste Segregation and Electricity Generation from Waste

In this day –to-day life waste is and really important factor for the society as well as our mother earth. The improper segregation of the waste creates foul and improper disposal of waste creates more and more waste and this lead to the global warming and polluting the mother earth. So, this robot is basically for the segregation of the waste in a proper way and making a proper disposal of it , through collecting the dry waste and the generating electricity through its burning using different components. This project also helps to reduce the man workload of collecting it and segregating it by had this will create a better future ahead.

Neurotoxicity of Some Environmental Pollutants to Zebrafish

The aquatic environment encompasses a wide variety of pollutants, from plastics to drug residues, pesticides, food compounds, and other food by-products, and improper disposal of waste is the main cause of the accumulation of toxic substances in water. Monitoring, assessing, and attempting to control the effects of contaminants in the aquatic environment are necessary and essential to protect the environment and thus human and animal health, and the study of aquatic ecotoxicology has become topical. In this respect, zebrafish are used as model organisms to study the bioaccumulation, toxicity, and influence of environmental pollutants due to their structural, functional, and material advantages. There are many similarities between the metabolism and physiological structures of zebrafish and humans, and the nervous system structure, blood–brain barrier function, and social behavior of zebrafish are characteristics that make them an ideal animal model for studying neurotoxicity. The aim of the study was to highlight the neurotoxicity of nanoplastics, microplastics, fipronil, deltamethrin, and rotenone and to highlight the main behavioral, histological, and oxidative status changes produced in zebrafish exposed to them.

Life Cycle Assessment for the Use of Waste Plastics in Asphalt Concrete Mixes

Improper waste disposal poses the risk of contaminating natural water bodies and soil. The low recycling rate of plastics and their fate in landfills are significant global environmental concerns. Efforts to increase the use of recycled plastics worldwide aim to address the hazardous consequences of improper plastic treatment. One potential solution is incorporating plastics as binder or mixture modifiers in asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures, which repurposes waste plastics while reducing environmental impacts related to AC production. This study calculated the environmental impacts of repurposing waste plastics, specifically low-density polyethylene and polystyrene, into modifiers in AC mixes. Wet and dry processes were considered. The environmental impacts of plastic-modified AC mixes were compared with those of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified mixes. The life cycle assessment covered the following processes: (1) collection, sorting, and shredding of waste plastics; (2) transportation of waste plastics from landfill to recycling facility and then to the asphalt plant; (3) supply and transportation of virgin materials; (4) production of AC mixtures; (5) transport of material and equipment to site; and (6) onsite operations. The study concluded that waste plastic-modified mixes outperformed SBS-modified mixtures with regard to environmental performance, except for ozone depletion resulting from certain recycling process activities. The high-shear mixing in the wet process had a significant impact. Sensitivity analyses revealed the influence of binder content and material transportation on the overall environmental assessment.

Utilizing Chlorophyll as a Natural Chelating Agent for the Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution: A Density Functional Theory Study

Heavy metal pollution, driven by industrialization, urbanization, and inadequate waste management, poses significant environmental and health risks. Toxic elements such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) persist in ecosystems and bioaccumulate within biological systems, leading to severe health effects. Major contamination sources include industrial processes, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals do not degrade over time, allowing long-distance transport and deposition in soils and sediments. Traditional remediation methods often generate secondary waste, while adsorption techniques face material regeneration challenges. Natural chelating agents like chlorophyll, integral to photosynthesis, offer a promising alternative due to their ability to form stable complexes with heavy metals, reducing their bioavailability and toxicity. This study explores chlorophyll's potential in sequestering heavy metals through Density Functional Theory (DFT) to analyze the electronic structure and bonding characteristics of metal-chlorophyll complexes, aiming to develop sustainable and eco-friendly remediation strategies.