Female Prisoners Research Articles

COVID-19, necropolitics and female prisons in the State of Amazonas

Resumo O Estado em seu discurso de proteção aos seus cidadãos e da necessidade do encarceramento em massa, utiliza-se dos poderes inerentes a ele, para abreviar direitos e conduzi-los de modo que a desigualdade estrutural acabe por ampliar os efeitos do vírus dentro das prisões. Diante disto, este estudo tem como objetivo trazer uma reflexão sobre biopolítica, biopoder e necropolítica nas prisões femininas do estado do Amazonas e como este conceito foi aguçado na crise de saúde pública causada pela pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, de cunho exploratório-descritivo, através de uma abordagem qualitativa. O período estudado compreende os anos de 2020 a 2022, auge da crise da Covid-19 em todo o planeta. Os resultados apontam para um regime necropolítico de atenção à saúde criando historicamente nos estabelecimentos penais um ambiente não propício a condições dignas de vida, tampouco apto para retardar a morte.

The Effectiveness of Correctional Institutions for Children, Female, and Elderly Inmates in Sidoarjo District

Correctional Institutions are institutions implementing the criminal system whose function is to develop correctional inmates, including, in this case, women who are serving sentences and required to participate in the entire series of training activities in correctional institutions. In this case, the effectiveness of coaching prisoners can provide a good role model for others, especially prisoners of female, children, and the elderly. Then, the supporting factors can be used as examples to become even better in the future, and better solutions can be found for factors that can hinder development. This research aims to determine the pattern of coaching females, children, and elderly prisoners and to determine the factors that inhibit and support coaching. Synergy is needed between all parties involved, starting from prisoners, correctional officers, and related agencies, in cooperating with each other in carrying out training for female, child, and elderly prisoners to overcome problems in the implementation of training for female, child, and elderly prisoners, For this reason, it is necessary to carry out treatment and guidance to achieve better goals, and if the convict leaves, he will create an independent character and have a better leadership spirit.

BARGAINING POWER, ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE, DECISION MAKING: CASE STUDY OF WOMEN INFORMAL WORKERS THROUGH PHILOSOPHER JOHN STUART MILL

The scope of this research is at the level of experience of women informal workers in Pasar Besar Palangka Raya. This experience speaks of bargaining power, empowerment in terms of decision-making, economic independence, body and future authorsity and freedom of expression. Nevertheless, the authors found the imprisonment of double burden in the lives of 3 research subjects. The purpose of this study is to show the extent to which the narrative leads them to live the values of equality through informal work. The research method used is qualitative research with interviews., then the authors recorded, transcribed, made a factual solid and then classified into themes that are close to this research. The results of the research through the experiences of women informal workers in Pasar Besar show that women are found to be empowered over assets, time and in decision-making. On the other hand, both empowerment and imprisonment of women's double burden make John Stuart Mill's philosophical lens dialogue in it when talking about marriage as friendship and not as property or slavery. Mill's intersubjective space becomes a buffer in the narrative of women's experiences of informal workers. In addition, the authors finds that gossiping as a negative stigma by society becomes erroneous when confronted with the daily life practices of women informal workers. Gossip/ngerumpi is able to make women's space a place of self-development, self-protection and self-promotion when women are hit by a flood of fatigue, boredom in terms of waiting for the arrival of buyers.

Legal Protection For Juvenile, Female, and Elderly Prisoners in The Provisions of Facilities

A Penitentiary is an implementing institution of the criminal system that functions to foster prisoners, including in this case women who undergo criminal punishment are required to participate in a whole series of formation activities in prisons. In this case, the effectiveness of the formation of prisoners can set a good example and example to others, especially for women, children, and elderly prisoners. Then the supporting factors can be used as examples for better in the future and factors that can hinder the coaching can be found better solutions. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of coaching female, child, and elderly prisoners and determine the inhibiting and supporting factors of coaching. To overcome problems in the implementation of the development of women, children, and elderly prisoners, synergy is needed between all parties involved, ranging from prisoners, correctional officers, and related agencies to cooperate in the implementation of training for women, children, and elderly prisoners. For this reason, it is necessary to handle and coach to achieve better goals, and if the prisoner has come out, it will create an independent character and have a better leadership spirit

PRIVATELY BUILDING PROGRAMME THROUGH BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND PEOPLE'S BUDGETING IN NIGHTS CLASS II A KARAWANG, WESTERN JAWA

Lapas Kelas II A Karawang is one of the Technical Executive Units (UPT) in the Kanwil of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of West Java, with the tasks and functions of building the prisoners and students of rehabilitation by the mandate of the Marketing Act No. 12 of 2012. Public participation is necessary for implementing the rehabilitation system, both by cooperating in the construction and being willing to re-accept prisoners who have completed their sentences. The various problems faced in various social institutions in Indonesia are the construction of women prisoners who can actualize themselves through entrepreneurial and spiritual activities. It is no longer used as a punishment but to help the prisoners realize their sins.

Gender differences in oral health among prisoners: a cross-sectional study from Taiwan

BackgroundThe prevalence of oral diseases among Taiwanese prisoners has rarely been investigated. This study aimed to estimate the gender-specific prevalence of oral disease in a sample of Taiwanese prisoners.MethodsWe included 83,048 participants from the National Health Insurance (NHI) Program. Outcomes were measured using the clinical version of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9-CM). For prevalence, we provide absolute values and percentages. We also performed a χ2 test to assess sex and age group differences in the percentage of disease in the oral cavity, salivary glands, and jaw.ResultsThe prevalence rate of oral diseases was 25.90%, which was higher than that of the general population. The prevalence of oral diseases in female prisoners was higher than that in male prisoners (p < 0.001), and the prevalence of oral diseases in prisoners aged ≤ 40 was higher than that of prisoners aged > 40. Among all cases of diagnosed oral diseases, the top three diseases were dental hard tissue diseases (13.28%), other cellulitis and abscesses (9.79%), and pruritus and related conditions (2.88%), respectively. The prevalence of various oral diseases in female prisoners was significantly higher than that in male prisoners.ConclusionOral disease is common among Taiwanese prisoners. Female prisoners had a higher prevalence of oral, salivary gland, and jaw diseases than male prisoners. Therefore, early prevention and appropriate treatment are required and also a need for gender-specific oral disease products given the differences in the prevalence of oral disease among male and female prisoners.

Praktik Digital Marketing Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Website Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Produk Warga Binaan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan

The Class IIA Women's Correctional Institution (LPP) in Malang City is included in a productive prison which is not only used as a place for fostering prisoners (inmates), but also used as a facility to accommodate the production of quality prisoner products. The WBP participates in productive program activities held by the prison, such as managing the soy sauce industry, handicrafts, convection business, salon business, making ecoprint batik, production of souvenir snacks. All WBPs are involved in these productive activities as a form of effort by the prison in organizing work guidance programs and skills education. The results of the activity show that the production of Malang City Class IIA Women's Prison can be said to be quite good and has selling value. However, it is unfortunate that marketing is done conventionally so that it has not achieved maximum product sales results. Therefore, it is necessary to have an evaluation that can be solved through the service activities carried out. This digital marketing practice activity with website development training can be a solution provided through this service. The activity can run smoothly because all prison officers are enthusiastic and conducive in participating in the training held. The hope of this activity is that they will be able to apply the marketing function optimally so that it can increase sales volume

An Evaluation of a Tailored Peer Mediation Program for Incarcerated Women in Italy

Programs aimed at women prisoners are limited. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer mediation program implemented in an Italian women’s prison. Two focus groups were conducted with seven incarcerated women who participated in the program. The four mediators who conducted the program compiled a total of 12 reflective diaries. The data were analyzed using Grounded Theory. The results highlight the effectiveness of the program, which was perceived as a tool to develop functional relationship and conflict management strategies and to promote greater self-awareness. These intervention programs are fundamental in enhancing the specific characteristics of the individual and promoting the development of skills and resources necessary for successful reintegration into society.

Validation and measurement invariance of the childhood trauma questionnaire short form among incarcerated men and women in Spain

BackgroundChildhood trauma is highly prevalent among incarcerated individuals and contributes to a range of negative outcomes. Assessing traumatic childhood events in prison settings requires valid, reliable, and effective instruments. Objectives and methodsThis study evaluated the performance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), originally developed and validated in English, within a sample of incarcerated men and women (n = 1118 and n = 207, respectively) in six Spanish prisons. ResultsThe results indicated that the CTQ-SF had an acceptable fit in our sample. However, the internal consistency of the Physical Neglect subscale was found to be deficient (α = 0.57), especially among women (α = 0.43). This finding aligns with previous research across different contexts, which may signal weaknesses in the original construction of this subscale. The CTQ-SF demonstrated limited invariance between men and women, with only configural invariance being achieved, constraining the comparisons that can be made across sexes. In the absence of scalar invariance, comparisons of factor means to assess severity may be misleading, and caution is recommended when comparing prevalence estimates for men and women in Spanish prisons. Nonetheless, our findings support the convergent validity of the CTQ-SF, as trauma severity showed moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression. ConclusionsThese results underscore the importance of evaluating the performance of instruments across various cultural contexts and populations to ensure the validity of study conclusions.

Nudging food choice in a prison setting: an investigation using food choice data.

The prison population presents complex health needs and is disproportionately affected by poor health, compared to the general population. Diet has a clear role in prisoner health, and the prison food environment within which food choices are made is relatively under-researched. The aim of this study was to examine whether food choices in a women's prison changed after the introduction of a new menu design by the catering team. The adjusted menu design incorporated an emoticon (a smiley face) placed next to designated 'Healthy Choice' foods on the menu sheets, which were used to preselect meals. Data comprised all women's (n = 865) food choices (more than 115,000 selections) for a period of 8 weeks (with the new menu) as well as 8 weeks prior (baseline period). The study design was a pre-post intervention study, and food selection was examined using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression models. The selection of promoted foods overall significantly increased under the new menu design (with the emoticon nudge strategy) compared to baseline; the effect size, however, was small according to the usual guidelines (21.4% compared to 20% at baseline; χ2 (1) = 32.6, p < 0.001, φ = 0.02). Individuals were 11% more likely (p < 0.001) to select the promoted 'Healthy Choice' foods under the adjusted food choice architecture. A significant effect was found for lunch and evening meal - but not for desserts. A minority of individual food items that were promoted had significant positive changes in selection, and were 1.3-4 times as likely to be selected when emoticons had been introduced, compared to baseline. Further research is needed to examine the potential added benefit of multiple complementary nudge strategies, and the relevance of the preselection of foods in advance of consumption.

Giving a Voice to the Silenced Women of Francoist Spain

During the Spanish Civil War and the Francoist dictatorship that followed, women were shielded from the public eye. Their predetermined social role was that of submissive and devoted wives to their husbands as well as homemakers and childcare providers. There are few artistic works that suggest otherwise. However, during the Civil War and after, many women were in fact politically active. They occupied important positions in the resistance and were present along with the men in the trenches. Spanish graphic novels have managed to create many works of fiction based on the Civil War, mainly drawing on (auto)biographical accounts. There are so many significant works dealing with the war and Francoist repression that they represent a genre of their own. Nevertheless, the authors of these works, as well as their main protagonists, are usually men. This is true despite the fact that after the war, during the four decades of the Franco dictatorship, many women suffered from political persecution. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of women outside the domestic space as it appears in selected graphic narratives set in the period of Franco’s regime. Given the extent of the regime’s repression, these works are frequently set in the prisons around Spain where female prisoners were incarcerated and tortured. The narratives we analyze are based on real testimonies from real victims. Their individual experiences are joined together in a collective whose voice has long been silenced until recently.

Walking an EmotionalTightrope: Examining the Carceral Emotion Culture(s) of Federal Prisons for Women in Canada

This article examines the role of solidarity as a centrally distinguishing feature of two distinct emotion culture(s) operating in federal prisons for women in Canada. We explore the social interactions between correctional officers and inmates and among criminalized women to understand how group cohesion is shaped by the power dynamics between these groups in the prison environment. For correctional officers, solidarity facilitates difficult aspects of their work and enables them to behave antagonistically towards inmates. Despite prison staff's efforts to disrupt prisoner solidarity, solidarity serves two key functions for criminalized women–emotional coping and resistance to systemic oppression.

Substance use among pregnant women in NSW prisons

Introduction and aimsLittle is published about pregnant women in custody. Existing data on the prevalence of substance use among incarcerated pregnant women or their needs are scant. This study sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of women with substance use histories who present to prison pregnant in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Design and methodsA retrospective review of prison medical health records was completed for pregnant women entering New South Wales custodial settings between January 2020 and June 2021. ResultsWe identified 158 prison receptions among 141 pregnant women (median age 28 years [IQR 25–33 years]), 42 % identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. Eighty four percent of the women (n = 119) reported recent use of one or more than one substance and 36 % had injected drugs. The most commonly used substances were (meth)amphetamine (60 %), cannabis (40 %) and opioids (28 %). We found discrepancies between drug problems self-reported at reception screening on entry to prison and self-reported drug use collected during the subsequent drug and alcohol specialist assessment while incarcerated. Most (88 %) women described their current pregnancy as unplanned and half (52 %) were unaware they were pregnant before incarceration. ConclusionsThese findings highlight the high prevalence of substance use in incarcerated pregnant women and that many women are unaware of their pregnancy prior to incarceration. Findings emphasize the importance of timely and appropriate drug and alcohol assessment and treatment to minimize harm for both the mother and foetus and also underscore the urgent need for enhanced access to contraception for these women.

Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infections within correctional facilities in Ghana.

Previous studies have suggested high Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence in prisons in Ghana. However, this study was part of a nationally representative bio-behavioural survey and determined the prevalence of HIV and HBV among prison inmates and identified factors associated with these infections. Both biomedical and behavioural data were collected from a total of 2,443 prison inmates from 19 prison stations during 2013 in Ghana; 12 male prisons and 7 female prisons selected across the country. The national HIV screening algorithm was used for HIV testing while two rapid detection tests were used to confirm HBV infections. HIV and HBV prevalence among prisoners in Ghana were approximately 2.34% and 12.38% respectively. Only 5 inmates, had co-infection with both viruses. The prevalence of HIV was significantly lower among male inmates (1.5%) compared to the female inmates (11.8%). Age, sex, and marital status, were significantly associated with both HIV and HBV infections. However, BMI category, IDU, and time spent in prison were associated with HIV infections. The educational level was significantly associated with HBV infections. After binary logistic regression, being female (AOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.45, p<0.001) and having a stay of 5 years or more (AOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.60, p = 0.016), increased the risk of having HIV infection. While, those with no formal education (AOR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.95, p = 0.024) and are underweight (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.99, p = 0.046), were more likely to have HBV infection. Forced penetrative sex may be a problem in the prisons. The need to have and strengthen an integrated screening, treatment and vaccination plan for the prison is emphasized. The prison does not serve as an exceptionally high risk to the general population. The findings support a critical look at the issue of forced penetrative sex in the prisons.

Differences in non-communicable diseases between women in prison and the general population in Brazil

Women in prison have high risk for non-communicable diseases both in relation to men in prison and in relation to women in the general population. This study documented the health disparities related to diseases among women in prison and in the general female population in Brazil. Women in prisons (WP) < 30 years old had a prevalence of hypertension (PR = 4.5; 95% CI 3.4–6.1), cardiovascular disease (PR = 4.4; 95% CI 2.4–7.9) and asthma (PR = 3.0; 95% CI 2.3–3.8) higher than general female population in Brazil in the same age group. Women in prison > 50 years old also presented asthma prevalence (PR = 4.3; 95% CI 2.9–6.3) higher than the general female population in Brazil in the same age group. These women in prison, overwhelmingly young, could be mistaken for an elderly population in Brazil. Actively responding to early disease in these women can reduce overall health costs and improve health care for this population that may have limited access to health care outside of prison.

PEMENUHAN HAK NARAPIDANA PEREMPUAN HAMIL DAN MENYUSUI DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN PEREMPUAN KELAS IIA SEMARANG

The fulfillment of rights for female prisoners at the Women's Correctional Institution Class IIA Semarang experiences several difficulties. Female prisoners have natures that men, such as pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and menstruation, do not own. In October 2023, there were 2 pregnant female prisoners in Semarang Women's Correctional Facility. The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of the Correctional Act in fulfilling the rights of prisoners, especially pregnant women. The method used in this research is an empirical juridical method; primary data is taken from the law, while secondary data is obtained from interviews with prison officers. The result of the research is that the fulfillment of the rights of female prisoners, especially pregnant and breastfeeding women, has been well implemented by statutory regulations, such as a complete clinic with doctors and nurses, extra feeding, immunization, and referral to the hospital when approaching HPL. However, Semarang Women's Prison has several obstacles, such as the need for more facilities, minimal human resources, and a small budget from the government.

‘A whole new world …’: Exploring transcarceral habitus and women's transition from a closed to an open prison

AbstractThis article examines women's experiences of moving from a closed to an open prison in England. Transition to an open prison is often viewed in a positive, reformist light and although androcentric auto‐ethnographical work has demonstrated challenges associated with this pivot when serving a long‐term sentence, much less is known about the experiences of women. Using interview discussions, this article draws upon the concept of transcarceral habitus to examine experiences of transfer and adaptation to the open prison within the broader context of the lives of criminalised women. By extending our understanding of the women's open prison as a site of punishment and recognising the connections and pluralities of women's carceral experiences, this article seeks to disrupt unhelpful binaries that legitimise the incarceration of women and the open prison estate.

Applying a Maternal Standards of Care Audit Tool and Quality Improvement Process to Improve Healthcare for Pregnant Women in Prison.

Women are the fastest growing prison population, but little is known about the quality of maternal care for pregnant women in prison. In partnership with the Indiana Department of Correction (IDOC) Transitional Healthcare Team (THT), we developed a maternal standard of care (MSOC) audit tool to identify existing strengths and weaknesses and recommend evidence-based strategies for improvement. After creating the MSOC audit tool, we used it to audit 52 charts and conducted interviews of IDOC staff regarding maternal health care processes. Identified strengths include prenatal care, screening/treatment for sexually transmitted diseases and substance use disorders, contraception use, and health education. Mental and nutritional health care are areas of weakness. Staff motivation and community partnerships facilitate positive change, but a "punitive" culture, lack of resources, and communication challenges are barriers to change. Developing accountability tools and processes to promote maternal standards of care holds the potential to increase the health and wellbeing of mothers and their babies and improve re-integration into society.

Penerapan Hak Narapidana Wanita Hamil di Lembaga Permasyarakatan:

As indonesia citizens, of course we have rights that have existed since birth. Likewise for convicts who are serving their sentence in prison, women convicts should pay more attention to their rights when they are in prison because as women they have the nature to conceive, give birth and breastfeed. pregnant women in correctional institutions and how to implement the rights of pregnant women inmates in prisons. The author uses the Juridical Empirical Method in this study using a purposive sampling approach. The results of the study are that pregnant female prisoners in the class IIA female correctional facility in tanjung gusta Medan have not all of their rights have been fulfilled where there is still a lack of facilities in correctional institutions and there are no doctors who are specifically in the correctional institution. Keywords: rights of pregnant women convicts; legal arrangements in prison

PEMENUHAN HAK KHUSUS BAGI NARAPIDANA PEREMPUAN HAMIL YANG MENJALANI MASA TUNGGU HUKUMAN MATI DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2023

This research was conducted with the aim of finding out the arrangements for the death penalty for climbing pregnant women and knowing the legal reasons for having to fulfill special rights, for example pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding for female prisoners who are temporarily carrying out the waiting period for execution of the death penalty. The type of research used in this research is normative research. Normative legal research is more likely to describe law as a descriptive discipline. Law Number 1 of 2023 which has been passed as a new law provides information that the implementation of the death penalty refers to Article 98 of Law Number 1 of 2023 which stipulates that capital punishment is punishable by an alternative which is only permitted to be released after a request for clemency for convicts who are rejected by the President. However, for pregnant women, women who are breastfeeding their babies, it turns out that it can be postponed until the women give birth, the women no longer breastfeed their babies, and also get a 10-year probation period for convicts to do good in prison. So there is a period of 10 years for the pregnant woman's desire to do good while being detained in prison.