Fertility Research Articles

Preparation of highly dispersed Pt/Hβ catalyst via supercritical fluid deposition and its catalytic performance for combustion of toluene

The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) causes serious atmospheric environmental problems and catalytic combustion is one of the most promising methods in the treatment of VOCs. In this work, the Pt/Hβ catalyst was fabricated via supercritical fluid deposition (SFD) for the first time and its activity was evaluated for toluene catalytic combustion. The preparation conditions during the SFD process were optimized. Na2PtCl6 was selected as the precursor and 450 °C as the reduction temperature. The catalysts prepared by the SFD and impregnation (IM) were compared. The Pt/Hβ catalyst prepared by SFD had smaller size and higher dispersion and its T90 was 25 °C lower than that prepared by IM, which showed obvious size effect. For the similar activity, the Pt loading on catalyst prepared by SFD is only 50% of that on catalyst prepared by IM, showing obvious reduction effect for noble metal.

Effect of La2O3- decorated SiO2 on the performance of CuCo catalyst for direct conversion of syngas to ethanol

The specific synthesis of ethanol from syngas is particularly important for C1 chemistry platforms. Herein, the uniformly decorated xLa/SiO2-supported CuCo catalysts were prepared by a facile incipient wetness impregnation (IM) method. On the basis of detailed characterization and catalytic performance, the relationship between the distribution of active Cu and Co species and intrinsic catalytic activity was established and discussed. The La2O3 preferentially enhances the dispersion of copper and inclines to generate stable Cu+ from Cu-O-La units. Additionally, SiO2 is conducive to the generation of Cu0, and then promotes the reduction of adjacent Co2+ to Co0 through hydrogen spillover. It was found that the CuCo/(5La/Si) catalyst showed a highest CO conversion of 44.2% and the space time yield of total alcohols (STYROH) of 61.6 mg/mLcat·h, which was 8.0-fold and 3.3-fold higher than that of undecorated CuCo/(Si) catalyst, respectively. Moreover, a superior ethanol selectivity in total alcohols is as high as 34.0 wt%. The significant improvement in catalytic performance is attributed to the abundant Cu+-Co0 in the interface with strong capacity on C–C chain growth. This work provides a novel and simple model for the rational design other related CuCo catalyst with beneficial performance, which is of great significance to reveal the unique synergistic interface between Cu and Co species.

PRETERM LABOR CONDITIONS OF WOMEN WITH HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY AND RELATED FACTORS: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Objective: High-risk pregnancy is a situation associated with pregnancy involving a real or potential risk for the health and well-being of the mother and the fetus. Our study aimed to examine the preterm labor conditions of pregnant women followed up at a high-risk pregnancy outpatient clinic and related factors. Material and Methods: Designed as a retrospective cohort study, the study was carried out with the participation of 293 pregnant women who presented to a high-risk pregnancy outpatient clinic in the Batman province of Turkey and were followed up between March 2017 and January 2019. Results: The top three high-risk conditions determined in the pregnant women were pregnancy over the age of 35 (n=83, 28.3%), pregnancy in a shorter interval than two years (n=71, 24.2%) and consanguineous marriage (n=60, 20.5%), respectively. Twentypoint-one percent (n=59) of the pregnant women had preterm labor. It was determined that the rates of caesarean section births and births at a private hospital among the pregnant women who had preterm labor were significantly higher in comparison to the pregnant women who gave birth at term (p=0.001, p=0.037, respectively). It was determined that the risk of preterm labor increased OR=5.6 (1.2-25.6) times in the pregnant women with anemia, OR=12.5 (1.3-122.7) times in those with intrauterine fertilization and OR=32.6 (3.2-332.5) times in those with multiple pregnancies. Conclusion: Anemia, multiple pregnancy and intrauterine fertilization increase the risk of preterm labor. Quality prenatal care services are important in terms of protecting the health of the mother and the newborn.

Evaluation of Au/ZrO2 Catalysts Prepared via Postsynthesis Methods in CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol

Au nanoparticles supported on ZrO2 enhance its surface acidic/basic properties to produce a high yield of methanol via the hydrogenation of CO2. Amorphous ZrO2-supported 0.5–1 wt.% Au catalysts were synthesized by two methods, namely deposition precipitation (DP) and impregnation (IMP), characterized by a variety of techniques, and evaluated in the process of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. The DP-method catalysts were highly advantageous over the IMP-method catalyst. The DP method delivered samples with a large surface area, along with the control of the Au particle size. The strength and number of acidic and basic sites was enhanced on the catalyst surface. These surface changes attributed to the DP method greatly improved the catalytic activity when compared to the IMP method. The variations in the surface sites due to different preparation methods exhibited a huge impact on the formation of important intermediates (formate, dioxymethylene and methoxy) and their rapid hydrogenation to methanol via the formate route, as revealed by means of in situ DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) analysis. Finally, the rate of formation of methanol was enhanced by the increased synergy between the metal and the support.

Raising Our Children with Disabilities in Akomimoksin

Across Turtle Island there are many Indigenous families who are raising children with a disability. Personal stories can create culturally safe platforms for Indigenous parents raising what Blackfoot Elders have referred to as Sakakiitsimaitapiiksi (our treasured children), to add voice to their experiences. The purpose of this article is to share the personal stories of two mothers parenting their children with the Blackfoot teaching of Akomimoksin (love). Mothers are givers of life and often assume the primary role of caregiving, educating, navigating and advocating for their children's holistic needs. When a mother wraps her arms around a child she creates a circle and located within the sanctity of this shape is the individual she would do anything to protect. It is within these responsibilities that the intersectionalities of Indigeneity and disability are discussed and choices are made. The stories of two mothers formulating decisions designed to reclaim and reculture for the sake of their disabled Indigenous child is shared. These stories will also address similar themes that have predicated systemic encounters, transformed perspectives, resonated hope, and developed awareness that may guide others on a parallel path. It is through Akomimoskin that disability has been able to become ability.

Two-six Hours is the Optimal Timing of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection After Oocyte Pickup: Single-centre 10 Years Cohort Study.

Optimal incubation period for oocyte competence remains contentious despite intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) being in practice for 34 years. Dilemma exists as the current literature favors both early and delayed denudation with equivocal results. With ever-rising demand for the procedure this conundrum continues to plague the clinical outcomes. This study attempts to provide a consensus regarding optimal time duration required for incubating the oocytes after oocyte pickup(OPU) and time to perform ICSI. A retrospective study in a tertiary centre. A retrospective 10-year cohort study including 726 ICSI cycles was conducted in a single tertiary care infertility centre. All cycles comprised at least one metaphase-II oocyte injected with one good quality sperm followed by fresh embryo transfer. The cohort was broadly divided into two groups: (a) Group 1: OPU-ICSI <4 hours(n=466) and (b) Group 2: OPU-ICSI>4 hours(n=260). The fertilization(FR) and clinical pregnancy rates(CPR) were compared using the Pearson Chi-square test. The OPU-ICSI interval were subdivided into one-hourly intervals and CPR was compared after adjustment for multiple comparisons by holm method. The FR and CPR were similar between Group 1 and Group 2(p>0.05). Comparing CPR for each one-hourly OPU-ICSI interval revealed no significant clinical difference (p>0.05) amongst one another, however, the CPR was maximum for 2-3 hours as the OPU-ICSI interval. With no significant clinical difference amongst various temporal groups, this study advocates and reinstates 2-6 hours as the optimal timing for ICSI after the OPU. This will also translate into better time management for both embryologists and clinicians and help them prioritise the laboratory workflow.

KONSEP TUHATN SUKU DAYAK BARAI KAYAN-HILIR KALIMANTAN BARAT DALAM TERANG FILSAFAT DIALOG MARTIN BUBER

This research is motivated by the ambiguous understanding of the Dayak Barai in interpreting God as the highest form; God for the Dayak Barai as something far away so the name God is often absent in their rituals. The purpose of this study is to introduce a philosophical, critical and directed relationship to the giver of life, namely God of the Dayak Barai himself. Another purpose of this paper is to explore the philosophical value of the local wisdom of the tribes in Indonesia, namely the Dayak Barai tribe. This theme has never been raised in any journal. The locus of this research is the culture of the Dayak Barai tribe, Kayan Hilir District. The methodology used in this study is a comparative study with a descriptive narrative approach. I came to the discovery that the Dayak Barai people from the beginning believed that there was only one God. The relevance of Martin Buber's dialogue philosophy for the Barai Dayak people is that they are brought to a new foundation that the building of their relationship with God originates and ends from the one God. This research ultimately opens new horizons for religious life in Indonesia that the highest reality worshiped in every religion and belief is essentially the same God, but is lived in a different way.

Effect of support preparation method on water-gas shift activity of copper-based catalysts

Reducing the effect of global warming and increasing the needs for fuel sources appoint hydrogen utilization in fuel cell technology a very promising demand. A step for required pure hydrogen production for this purpose is the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction and the design of well performing but cost effective WGS catalysts, the latter being of growing research interest. In the present study catalysts containing copper (3 wt%) supported on ceria/alumina (30 wt% ceria) and Y-doped ceria/alumina (1 wt% Y2O3 regarding ceria content) were prepared by impregnation (IM) and by mechanochemical mixing (MM). The effect of support synthesis methods on the performance in the WGS reaction was discussed based on catalyst characterization by means of XRD, HRTEM, XPS, and H2-TPR methods. It was established that the effect of Y-doping was strongly dependent on the method of support preparation being positive for MM and unfavourable in the case of impregnation. The IM method caused the formation of a superficial phase with CuO, Y-dopant, and ceria in close location. Additionally, a higher amount of oxygen vacancies was related to non-reducible Y3+ ions that interrupted Cu–oxygen vacancy–Ce interaction thus leading to both lower reducibility and WGS activity. The presence of yttria phase located on ceria-free alumina in the case of MM support decreased the negative influence of Ce3+ replacement by Y3+ ions. A positive effect of separate Y2O3 could explain the best WGS performance observed. Long-term WGS tests showed good stability thus making this catalyst promising composed mainly of alumina and low amount of active phases. The study contributes to the development of an advantageous formulation of well-performing and economically profitable WGS catalysts for efficient improving of hydrogen purity for small-scale applications.

Evaluation of lignin waste as potential carriers for phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers: A zero waste technology

Purpose Incineration of plant biomass and refusing lignin rich effluent from paper industry to water bodies were seen as usual practice. This product-oriented research had a promising solution for recycling agro waste. Likewise, high quality handmade papers from dead-dry leaves of Ficus citrifolia, Swietenia mahagoni, Pinus roxburgii and Musa acuminate were obtained. Lignin was found to improve soil fertility and nutrient reservoir for microbial growth. So, this research managed and utilized lignin as liquid carriers to phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers (PSBs)- Meyerozyma gullerimondi and Providencia rettgeri. Method Handmade papers made were checked for quality by determining breaking length, burst factor, and gram per square meter (GSM). The essential nutrients in lignin waste were analyzed using FESEM-EDX (Field emission scanning electron microscope- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). This confirmed suitability of lignin as fermenting carrier media for phosphate solubilizing biofertilizer (PSBs). After fermentation, nutrients were quantified using Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulphur (CHNS analyzer), Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The nutritional uptake studies of lignin PSBs were done on Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. Results Musa acuminate produced handmade papers with the highest breaking length and burst factor (1160 m, 10.43 kg/cm2) followed by Ficus citrifolia (960 m, 7.2 kg/cm2), Swietenia mahagoni (480 m, 13.75 kg/cm2) and Pinus roxburgii (546 m, 4.0 kg/cm2) leaves. This lignin PSBs increased the growth of Vigna unguiculata (L) plant. Conclusion High quality handmade papers were made from waste leaves. The lignin spent from pulping industry could be utilized as carriers to phosphate solubilizers.

Exploitation of olive mill wastewater in sorghum irrigation

Purpose In Morocco, the olive industry has made remarkable progress thanks to the "Green Morocco Plan" adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2018, the total production was around 2,000,000 tons of olives, with a growth of 11.93% compared to the previous years. However, each year this activity generates millions of tons of liquid and solid pollutants "olive mill wastewater (OMW)" and "pomace", discharged directly into water streams without prior treatment, which creates serious ecological problems. Method This study focuses on the use of raw and diluted OMW for the fertilization of sorghum. The OMW were characterized, diluted (½ and ¼), and applied at a rate of 5 L /week /m2. Sorghum growth was monitored by studying physiological performance (transpiration, stomatal conductance, the intensity of photosynthesis, and the performance of photosystem II). Results The raw OMW is acidic, salty, highly loaded with organic (COD / BOD5 = 7.1> 3), and inorganic matter and polyphenol content of 9 g/L. All the parameters for monitoring the growth of sorghum are lower for plants irrigated by raw OMW, which are symptoms of water stress. Using the T-test, the plants irrigated by half-diluted OMW have yielded the same results as those of the control. Conclusion Despite the fact that the half dilution of OMW has proved promising results, we suggest that it should be pretreated before its use in sorghum irrigation to reduce its organic loads and acidity.

Impact of Drug Loading Method on Drug Release from 3D-Printed Tablets Made from Filaments Fabricated by Hot-Melt Extrusion and Impregnation Processes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the drug loading method on drug release from 3D-printed tablets. Filaments comprising a poorly water-soluble model drug, indomethacin (IND), and a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were prepared by hot-melt extrusion (HME) and compared with IND-loaded filaments prepared with an impregnation (IMP) process. The 3D-printed tablets were fabricated using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer. The filaments and 3D printed tablets were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, swelling and matrix erosion behaviors, drug content, and drug release. Physicochemical investigations revealed no drug–excipient interaction or degradation. IND-loaded PVA filaments produced by IMP had a low drug content and a rapid drug release. Filaments produced by HME with a lower drug content released the drug faster than those with a higher drug content. The drug content and drug release of 3D-printed tablets containing IND were similar to those of the filament results. Particularly, drug release was faster in 3D-printed tablets produced with filaments with lower drug content (both by IMP and HME). The drug release of 3D-printed tablets produced from HME filaments with higher drug content was extended to 24 h due to a swelling-erosion process. This study confirmed that the drug loading method has a substantial influence on drug content, which in turn has a significant effect on drug release. The results suggest that increasing the drug content in filaments might delay drug release from 3D-printed tablets, which may be used for developing dosage forms suited for personalized medicine.

Christological Contextualization as a Parameter to Strengthen Theology Formulation and Enhance Christian Evangelization in Africa

The quest for a contextual African Christianity is one that theological scholarship in Africa should be keen to formulate and construct if the Christian message is to gain the much-needed impact and transformational agenda that will facilitate the process of evangelization of the continent. This is because our theological discourse must be incarnational in theology and methodology. Our study endeavours to submit a contribution in this solemn expedition through an emphasis on the necessity of a contextualized Christology that is cognizant of the African realities and heritage to make the message of Christ be at home to the indigenous African audience. This calls for a paramount understanding of the history of the African people, the African primal religions and most importantly the African culture. The Understanding of these critical issues that together construct the identity of the African will enable the presenter of the Christological message to present the person of Christ that is relevant and addresses the perennial problems that are faced by African communities. This will in the long run make the African to be persuaded to the need to establish a relationship with Christ who is to him a friend or family, Mediator or Ancestor per excellence, Life giver or Healer, and Leader per excellence. These are the realities that Africans would be quick to identify and associate with. To accomplish this, the study observed the significance of the doctrine of Christology in the theological framework; it explored the means with which Christology was administered in Africa in the past. We were able to tackle the subject of Christological Contextualization by observing matters sources and methodology of African Christology and building on the same towards the models that are favourable to Christology in Africa

Corporate Social Responsibility Accountability through Hamka’s Tasawuf Lens

Each entity has the responsibility to contribute in developing the community through a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program. However, the implementation of CSR in modern accounting practices does not always emphasize philanthropy value, instead it still hinges on a capitalistic orientation to maximize profit. The aim of this article is to deconstruct the concept of CSR accountability, which has so far been controlled by capitalistic values. Hamka's Tasawuf thought with the core of tawhid was employed as methodology, which was then complemented by self-awareness as a servant, and refers to an ideology in which one believes that integration of nature, life, and human. This can become the rationale for the construction of social responsibility. Akhlaqy concept on accountability involves religiosity and self-sincerity in implementing CSR. This way, CSR accountability can be directed towards God, as the Giver of Life.

Toxic Truth: Lead and Fertility

Toxic Truth: Lead and Fertility

O-175 Impact of female chromosomal polymorphic variants on ovarian reserve markers and fertility treatments prognosis

Abstract Study question Could the presence of chromosomal polymorphisms in women undergoing fertility treatments influence ovarian reserve, oocyte preservation or IVF clinical outcomes? Summary answer Polymorphic variants of chromosomes seem to adversely influence the Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) serum levels and the post-thawing oocyte survival rate. What is known already Infertile couples have been reported to have a higher incidence of karyotype abnormalities than the general population, which could lead to lower fertility rates. However, few studies have demonstrated the controversial relationship between these karyotype alterations in women and the specific involvement of these variants and their combinations in an IVF cycle. Therefore, there is a growing interest in categorizing chromosomal polymorphic variants and relating them to the subsequent evolution in ART cycles. Study design, size, duration Retrospective evaluation of a cohort of women undergoing IVF cycles in a private fertility center. The sample included 280 cycles performed between July 2017 and December 2020. The study explored the correlation between karyotype polymorphisms and IVF outcomes in terms of: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) level, Antral Follicle Count (AFC), Oocyte Maturity (MII), Oocyte Survival after Thawing (TS), Fertilization (FZ), Useful Embryos (UE), Biochemical (BP) and Clinical Pregnancy (CP), Miscarriage (M) and Live Birth (LB) rates. Participants/materials, setting, methods Women with karyotype performed before an IVF cycle. Chromosome analysis was carried out according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature guidelines (ISCN). Only own eggs cycles were included, and testicular sperm cycles were excluded. The normality of the distribution of the variables was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The association between IVF cycle parameters and the presence of polymorphisms was assessed by T-Student (parametric) or U-Mann-Whitney (non-parametric). Main results and the role of chance From a total of 280 IVF cycles, 198 met the inclusion criteria: Control Group (CG) with normal karyotype (94) and Study Group (SG) with presence of polymorphisms (104) were analyzed. Cycles with fresh (136) and warmed (62) oocytes were included. Mean female age was 37.66 ± 3.99 (CG) and 36.61 ± 3.72 (SG). The overall outcome rates were: 75.82% MII, 81.39% TS, 72.78% FZ, 49.07% UE on day 5, 21.82% BP, 78.18% CP, 14.53% M and 63.65% LB. Statistically significant differences were found between the presence of polymorphisms and mean AMH serum level between CG (2.36 ng/mL) and SG (1.74 ng/mL) (p = 0.04), especially when the type “qh+” was detected (1.01 ng/mL) (p = 0.02). Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found regarding oocyte thawing survival rate, which decreased in the SG (78.94%) compared to the CG (93.69%) (p = 0.02), mainly when the type “ps+” was detected (75.13%) (p &amp;lt; 0.01). No statistically significant differences were found between the presence of polymorphism and the AFC (p = 0.25), MII (p = 0.10), FZ (p = 0.93) or UE (p = 0.52) rate on day 5. In the same way, from 106 embryo transfers (ET) performed, no significant differences were found for BP, CP, M and LB rates (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Limitations, reasons for caution Larger prospective studies including homogeneous cohorts are needed in order to corroborate our initial results. Wider implications of the findings Our findings may represent a practical tool in order to advise these patients about their reproductive success, especially, in terms of post-thawing oocyte survival prognosis. Therefore, it could be provided more personalized prognostic information before embarking on IVF treatments. Trial registration number Not Applicable

P–065 Advanced paternal age does affect egg donation program outcomes?

Abstract Study question Does increasing paternal age has a negative impact in fertilization (FR), blastulation (BR), clinical pregnancy (CPR) and miscarriage (MR) rates in an egg donation program? Summary answer The increase paternal age in an egg donation program has not a negative impact in fertilization rate, blastulation rate, clinical pregnancy rates and miscarriage rates. What is known already It is well documented that semen quality is affected with increasing paternal age but there is no evidence-based definition of what is advanced paternal age. There is controversial information about if the increasing paternal age affects in vitro fertilization results, and when this negative impact could begin. Study design, size, duration This was a single center retrospective cohort study, involving 485 first single embryo transfer of an egg donation program, from January 2017 to December 2019. Participants/materials, setting, methods All first embryo transfer of egg donation cycles performed at CEGyR, Buenos Aires, Argentina were included. Elevated sperm DNA fragmentation (TUNEL &amp;gt;20), sperm bank, and testicular biopsy cycles were excluded. Patients were divided according to male partner age: (1) &amp;lt;41, (2) 41–44, (3) 45–50 and (4) &amp;gt;50 years old. Group (1) was considered the control group. Statistical analyses were performed for FR and BR with ANOVA and CPR and MR with chi-squared tests. Main results and the role of chance The number of patients in group (1) was 200, in (2) 130, in (3) 117 and in (4) 38. Male average age was 36,8 in group (1), 42,2 in (2) 47,1 in (3) and 54,2 in group (4). The FR in group (1) was 72,60%, in group (2) was 73%, in (3) was 75% and 73% in (4). ANOVA results for FR: F = 0,65 (p: 0,58). The BR, defined as the relation between the total number of blastocysts over the number of fertilized oocytes in a cycle, was in group (1) 46,35%, in group (2) was 45%, in group (3) 46%, and in group (4) 42%. ANOVA results for BR F = 0,36 (p:0,78). The CPR in group (1) was 42,19%. Comparing with the other groups: group (2) was 37,09% (chi-square statistic=0,64 p:0,43); group (3) 34,58% (2,32 p:0,13); and group (4) was 32,43% (1,48 p:0,22). The MR in group (1) was 12,49%. Comparing with the other groups: group (2) was 18,55% (chi-square statistic=2,31 p:0,12); group (3) 14,94% (1,01 p:0,32); and group (4) was 15,85% (0,91 p:0,33). For all results analyzed there were not a statistically difference between groups. Limitations, reasons for caution The main limitation of this study was its retrospective design based on data from a single center which may be subject of bias. Wider implications of the findings: Further large prospective studies are required to make meaningful comparisons. Our findings give no support for a general recommendation. Trial registration number Not applicable

Effects of NiMoO4 impregnation on the catalytic activity of Cu3 (PO4)2 in the conversion of isopropanol

Hereby, we are describing the synthesis and characterization concerning acid -basic properties of catalysts containing varied amounts of NiMo (2-14 wt % of NiMoO 4 ) worn on copper orthophosphate whose its preparation was executed employing a co-precipitation method, to which we introduced the Nickel-Molydenum by impregnation with a porous volume at several stages, succeeded by calcination under air at a different temperature. The employed techniques for solids’ characterization were XRD to identify different phases, Nitrogen adsorption at-196°C. and catalytic conversion of isopropanol at different temperatures’ reaction ranging from 180 to 400 °C. The outcome revealed that the solids NiMo/CuP mainly consisted of copper phosphate Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 together with NiMoO 4 as minor phase. The NiMoO 4 crystallinity’s degree increases by increasing Nickel-Molydenum. It was discovered that the specific area (S BET ) of the studied system will slightly increase by the increase in NiMoO 4 content. The catalytic activity in isopropanol conversion which proceeds via dehydration yielding propene increases as a function of extent of loading.

Effect of preparation method on the performance of porous RuOx/Co3O4 catalysts for 1, 2-dichloroethane oxidation

Porous Co3O4 with high yield was synthesized through calcination from plate-like Co(OH)(OCH3). Then, a series of Co3O4 supported RuOx catalysts were prepared using three different loading methods, including homogeneous precipitation (HP), precipitation-deposition (DP), and wet impregnation (IM). Their physicochemical properties were investigated by various characterization techniques, and their performance for catalytic oxidation of 1, 2-dichloroethane (1, 2-DCE) was also evaluated. RuOx/Co3O4-HP possessed the most outstanding low-temperature reducibility, more oxygen vacancies, and surface active oxygen, correspondingly exhibited a better catalytic activity and lower selectivity of polychlorinated by-products. Moreover, RuOx/Co3O4-HP also presented an excellent performance for other types of hydrocarbons abatement. The stability test showed that the RuOx/Co3O4-HP showed highly stable activity for 1, 2-DCE oxidation, and the beneficial effect of water was further confirmed.

Forced and coerced sterilization of Indigenous women: Strengths to build upon.

![Figure][1]</img> Traditionally, Indigenous women commanded the highest respect in their communities as water carriers and the givers of life. They are sacred[1][2] and powerful beings because they “birth the whole world.”[2][3] Unfortunately, racism, sexism, and colonialism[3][4] have

Effect of Preparation Methods on the Performance of Pt/TiO2 Catalysts for the Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in Simulated Sintering Flue Gas

A series of Pt/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation (IM), dry ball mill (DB), or wet ball mill (WB) methods, and their catalytic activity for the oxidation of CO was evaluated. The structure and redox properties of the catalysts were investigated by N2 desorption, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, H2-TPR, SO2-TPD, and CO chemisorption analysis. It was determined that the preparation method affects the physical structure of the catalyst and the particle size and dispersion of Pt on the catalyst surface. The catalyst prepared by the impregnation method had a more suitable physical structure than the other catalysts, with a smaller particle size, a higher dispersion of Pt on the surface, and the lowest strength of SO2 adsorption. Pt/TiO2(IM) catalysts presented the best catalytic activity for the oxidation of CO in simulated sintering flue gas at 140 °C, as well as better sulfur and water resistance with simulated sintering flue gas containing 50 ppm of SO2 and 15% water vapor.