Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are utility chemicals that have become environmental contaminants of global concern due to their bioaccumulative and persistent nature. The accumulation and effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a type of PFAS, on agricultural plants is a serious environmental concern that needs to be investigated. Wheat was exposed to soil amended with 0, 25, and 50 mg/kg PFOS and assessed for PFOS’ impacts via agronomic measurements, biochemical assays, PFOS uptake, and ionomics and metabolomics analyses over the lifetime of the plant. PFOS was taken up in the roots and relocated to the grains, which accumulated PFOS at levels 12-18 times higher in treated plants than in control. Compared to control, 50 mg/kg PFOS reduced chlorophyll content by 49% and root biomass by 37% early on during the exposure. At the end of full life cycle exposure, PFOS did not affect the agronomic and productivity status of plants. However, PFOS impacted grain quality by reducing concentrations of macroelements (Mg, K, and P) and levels of important sugar metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, trehalose). PFOS also decreased the abundance of non-polar proteinogenic amino acids but increased the levels of polar amino acids in grains. These findings highlight impacts of PFOS on an important agronomic crop.