Important Moral Values Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI METODE DHARMA CARITA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Learning Hindu Religious Education at the elementary school level presents its own challenges compared to learning at the secondary school level. Differences in student characteristics, especially in terms of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development, require teachers to use learning methods that suit the needs and abilities of students. One method that is considered relevant is the Dharma Carita method, which is based on Dharma Carita that contain moral and spiritual values. This study aims to exploratively analyze the use of the Dharma Carita method in an effort to improve the quality of Hindu Religious Education learning in elementary schools. The method used in this research is a literature study or literature review, which involves a critical review of the academic literature relevant to the topic. The study reviewed existing ideas, findings and knowledge related to the implementation of the Dharma Carita method in the context of religious education in primary schools. The results show that the Dharma Carita method has great potential in shaping students' character and spirituality. Through Dharma Carita , students can learn about important moral values, such as truth, honesty and responsibility. This method is considered effective in conveying moral messages in an interesting and easy-to-understand manner for elementary school students, thus making it the right choice to be used in the classroom.

REPRESENTASI NILAI MORAL PADA FILM “AGAK LAEN” KARYA BENEDION RAJAGUKGUK (KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)

This research aims to study and find representations of moral values ​​contained in the film "Agak Laen" by Benedion Rajagukguk. The subject of this research is the film "Agak Laen" which is analyzed using a literary sociology approach. This research was conducted to describe and analyze the moral values ​​depicted and implicitly contained in the film. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, combining primary data obtained from the film "Agak Laen". Meanwhile, the secondary data used in this research was obtained from literature studies that have credibility. The data analysis technique that has been collected is carried out systematically using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this research show that the film "Agak Laen" shows important moral values ​​to be imitated, while also offering entertainment in the form of fresh comedy that is in harmony with everyday life. The film also shows that moral values ​​are important, such as emphasizing the importance of honesty and support from loved ones in facing life's challenges.

ETHICAL VALUES IN THE LAMIYYAT AL-ARAB

Lamiyyat al-Arab by Al- Shanfara is an honest mirror of pre-Islamic life, reflecting its good and bad, and a pinnacle of artistic maturity. This study is a model for revealing psychological value-based phenomena in the lives of pre-Islamic people in general and Saʿālīk in particular. This paper aims to extract the most important moral values in the Lamiyyat Al-Arab, analyzing the verses of the Al-Lamiyyat related to values, while comparing them with others. The paper used the inductive, analytical, and deductive approach. The results show that Lamiyyat al-Arab expresses the values of courage, pride, kindness, generosity, and others. The life of nomadism and the dryness of nature contributed to the uniqueness of Al-Shanfara’s poetry. Al-Lamiyyat expressed a class of society, namely the Saʿālīk, through the values and morals prevailing among them. The poet expressed these values through many expressions. The poet used Bahr Al-Taweel through which he expressed the values of courage, pride, and kindness. The moral values mentioned in the Lamiya are approved by Islam and common sense. The researcher recommends more specialized studies on Lamiyyat al-Arab and other Arabic literature studies such as the artistic aspect, rhetorical, eloquence, semiotic, musical, aesthetic, and other studies.

An Analysis of Figurative Languages Used in Disney Songs’ Lyrics by Naomi Scott and John Legend Featuring Ariana Grande

The research delves into the fascinating world of Disney songs and their use of figurative language, exploring how this impacts children's language skills and creativity. With the aim of closely analyzing three specific Disney songs, the study seeks to uncover how these beloved tunes effectively utilize different forms of figurative language to communicate important moral values. Through careful examination, the study identifies five key types of figurative language present in these songs: metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, and paradox. By taking a closer look at how Disney songs employ these various forms of figurative language to convey deeper messages that resonate with audiences, educators can gain valuable insights into using music as a powerful tool for facilitating language development and promoting moral understanding in young children. The study emphasizes the potential role that beloved Disney songs can play as effective educational tools for fostering greater comprehension of language and encouraging strong moral values among young audiences. Overall, this research serves as a valuable reminder of the importance of creative expression in education - demonstrating how even something as seemingly simple as a catchy tune can have profound impacts on children's cognitive and emotional development.

Dialectics of War as a Natural Phenomenon: Existential Perspective

Due to natural processes of movements of opposites that interact with one another in equal forces, the universe is naturally considered an arena of conflicts. As the law of the universe continues to maintain everything in motion, each matter in the ecosystem strives to protect itself in given existential struggles within necessary conflicts. Therefore, the fundamental law of nature is the protection of life (self-preservation) which is often realized through self-defence. It then explains why humans engage themselves in conflicts; not necessarily to bring peace but to survive and maintain themselves in existence. Hence, war is motivated by the innate drive for self-defence and maintenance of self in existence guided by a natural instinct for survival. From conception to death, humans continue to struggle for survival and that entails overcoming conflicts and adversities of life. Thus, war can be considered as having a genetic foundation. This is evidenced in the works of evolutionary theorists. The Darwinian ethological theory tenaciously holds that humans, just like other organisms, struggle to survive, but this is influenced by natural selection which favours the stronger species against the weaker ones. While the stronger ones pass on their inheritable genes to the next generation for maintenance of their species in existence, the weaker ones die off. Hence, the survival of the fittest. This position was very much supported by the Malthusian theory of over-population alert against the limited human resources which demonstrates the constant fight for food in order to survive. The Nietzschean Superman, Marxian class struggle, Heraclitan notion of change, and so on, all cling to the idea that the universe is a violent arena. Consequently, the protection of life has an important moral value. By implication, self-defence is right and justified even if it involves war. Therefore, it is ethical to push through; to defeat the adversary.

INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE: THEORETICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF MUDHARABAH AND MUSYARAKAH CONTRACTS

This article is a theoretical and philosophical analysis of the implementation of the mudharabah contract and musyarakah contract on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study aims to reveal the theory and business philosophy underlying the two contracts and the significance of this study on the development of science in the Islamic capital market. The research method used involves reviewing literature from various relevant sources, including academic literature, books, journals, and regulations related to the Islamic capital market. In the theoretical analysis, the two contracts are studied as a form of partnership and fairness in doing business, with a mudharabah contract as a collaborative relationship between fund owners and fund managers, and a musharakah contract as a form of partnership based on capital contributions between business partners. In addition, this study also highlights the philosophical aspects of the implementation of the two contracts, with the ethics of responsibility and mandate being important moral values. The results showed that the mudharabah contract and musharakah contract reflect the spirit of equality and justice in the sharing of business results and risks, as well as the philosophy of sharing and mutual benefit in doing business. Overall, this analysis confirms that these two contracts are important foundations in shaping business ethics and philosophy in the Islamic capital market, with ethical principles such as responsibility, justice, and equality as strong moral values in directing business people to carry out economic activities with integrity and awareness of social responsibility. This research makes an important contribution to the development of science in the Islamic capital market and can be a foundation for strengthening ethical and fair business principles in the future.Keywords: mudharabah, musharakah, Islamic capital market, theoretical analysis, philosophical analysis.

The historical evolution of the crime of hooliganism

The foundation of a harmonious community is the mutual respect offered by each individual, right as a sign of recognition of the existing values within the society. Respect is one of the most important moral values of every human being, because it is the key to a harmonious social interaction. However, in recent decades there has been an alarming increase in the rate of violation of the rules of social coexistence, through demonstrations and brutal actions to disturb public order, a fact that denotes a lack of respect and good sense towards the moral norms promoted by society. The first legislative acts in which some regulations of acts of hooliganism were found date back to ancient times.

Moral paragons, but crummy friends: The case of snitching.

Loyalty to friends is an important moral value, but does that mean snitching on friends is considered immoral? Across six preregistered studies, we examine how loyalty obligations impact people's moral evaluations of snitching (i.e., turning in others who commit transgressions). In vignette and incentivized partner choice paradigms, we find that witnesses who snitch (vs. do not snitch) are seen as more moral and as better leaders (Studies 1-6), regardless of whether they snitch on a friend or an acquaintance (Studies 1-3). We find that a willingness to turn in one's friends increases perceived morality, while an unwillingness to do so diminishes it, with the latter effect exhibiting a stronger impact than the former (Study 2). Our experiments also demonstrate that snitches receive less moral credit when snitching on nonmoral (vs. moral) transgressions (Study 3) and when snitching aligns with self-interest (Study 4). We demonstrate that although snitching is often seen as morally right, turning in transgressors entails important reputational trade-offs: Snitching makes one appear disloyal and a bad friend but boosts perceptions of morality and leadership. This reveals a context in which what is loyal is no longer considered moral. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Learning Moral Values Through Cartoons for Malaysian Preschool-aged Children

While the younger generation’s access to YouTube and time spent in front of the TV have increased, research on the ability of young children to learn moral values remains lacking. Furthermore, the preconceived notion that cartoons are detrimental to moral development is inconclusive, which requires further research to be confirmed or debunked. This study, which is mixed method research, aims to identify and analyse how moral values are taught in cartoons. A total of 20 preschool children (aged five to six years old) from an elementary school in Kuala Lumpur were selected. Doraemon animated series or movies were used as the study data. Notably, Doraemon animations and movies are popular among children as they are humorous and condemn bullying. This was followed by the process of data collection that comprised three phases. Specifically, the first phase was participant observation, the second phase was questionnaires, and the third phase was the unstructured interview. A statistical programme was conducted to analyse all the quantitative data collected from the surveys. Qualitative analysis software was used to analyse and code the qualitative data collected from observations and unstructured interviews. As a result, the majority of preschool children were in the imitation phase. Therefore, they imitated the good moral values portrayed in the cartoons they watched. This study also highlighted that preschool children's viewing of cartoons is not only entertaining but also educational and teaches important key moral values. Apart from that, the children preferred to watch cartoons rather than playing outside during their free time. The families' explanations helped the preschoolers distinguish between good and bad moral values in line with Malay culture and Islamic teachings. The analysis was limited by the small sample size and geographical location of this study. Thus, it was suggested that further studies are conducted to expand the economic strata and age groups.

Care as a Thick Ethical Concept

Philosophers who study care—most often, care ethicists—are involved in an ongoing discussion about the concept of care. Despite the significant progress made in this discussion, certain conflicting images of care seem to persist in the literature. On one hand, as feminist theorists across disciplines have highlighted, care is a complex social practice that is mired in inequality and injustice. The deeply gendered nature of caring and the unequal division of care-work creates and cements structural inequalities. On the other hand, care is also thought of as a moral value or an ideal. The ethics of care—a moral theory with decidedly feminist roots—is predicated on the idea that caring is somehow morally valuable. A discrepancy thus arises: care is a social practice that compounds injustices. But it is also a moral value. What is it about care that makes it malleable to such variations? To pick out this complexity and capture the conceptual nuances at play, this paper suggests that we frame the concept of care as a thick ethical concept. I will first demonstrate why this framing is helpful. Then, I will provide accounts of the descriptive and evaluative elements of the concept of care. I hope to show that it is through a thick conceptual framing that we can make sense of care—both as a complex social practice and an important moral value in the worlds that we inhabit.

Fairness, partner choice, and punishment: An ethnographic study of cooperative behavior among children in Helsinki, Finland

AbstractThis article draws upon ethnographic fieldwork among children in Helsinki, Finland, to determine how cooperative behaviors unfold in their everyday lives. Two concepts—fairness and partner choice—emerged as particularly relevant, and related behaviors were examined in the context of ongoing debates regarding cooperation in human societies. Children consistently invoked fairness as an important moral value, and they showed evidence of undergoing a developmental shift from equality‐based to equity‐based fairness by around seven years old. Children mediated disagreements primarily through partner choice strategies (avoidance and disengagement) rather than partner conflict (punishment). Local social values and child‐rearing practices that promote personal autonomy and independence make punishment undesirable and rare in this context. The observed aversion to punishment in Helsinki differs from typical characterizations of so‐called WEIRD societies and demonstrates the value that nuanced ethnographic studies in diverse societies can bring to understandings of human cooperation.

Essence transformation of the notions of civil and patriotic youth education in a changing world

The paper touches upon the issue of the relevance of civic-patriotic education of young people. Based on the analysis of federal legal documents, it is concluded that today civic-patriotic education is recognized as a priority in modern educational policy. It is noted that the trends of modern science (axiologization, informatization, ecologization, integration, the trend of synergy) subjected the transformation of the concept of "patriotism", "citizenship" as a result of civil and patriotic education of young people in a changing world. The paper presents modern interpretations of these concepts. It is noted that the main goal of civil-patriotic education is the revival of patriotism in our society as the most important spiritual, moral and social value. The concept of "civil-patriotic education of students" was clarified. The purpose of the paper is to theoretically substantiate the methodological foundations for the development of a system of civil and patriotic education of students in a changing world. Theoretical and empirical methods are used. The authors define a set of methodological approaches (value, environment and activity), which determine the content and technological apparatus of the study. These approaches formed the basis for the development of a system of civil-patriotic education of students. The mechanisms of the value approach are identified: the totality and content of values, the definition of technology and methods for the implementation of the totality of values in the process of civil-patriotic education of a person, unity of the content of the system of civil and patriotic education of students and the socio-cultural environment . A system of civic-patriotic education was developed, which is an integration of objective, content, motivational-value, practical-activity, evaluative-effective components. Due attention is paid to the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the system of civil and patriotic education of students. This system performs analytical, diagnostic, prognostic, design, practice-oriented, adaptive, educational and cognitive, organizational and control and evaluation functions. The results of a survey of students on patriotism, citizenship, the most effective forms, methods and means that contribute to the civil-patriotic education of a person are presented. Among the technologies, students single out subject-oriented technologies that are interactive in nature, contribute to the development of critical thinking, analytical, reflective, research and design skills.

The “filial piety” of the C&MA Evangelical denomination and the Vietnamese tradition

Filial piety is one of the central issues of Vietnamese culture. It is not only a matter of social morality or human outlook but also has a close relationship with faith - belief and religion of most Vietnamese people. For the Vietnamese, filial piety is an extremely important moral value and a basic - most important standard of human-to-human relationships. The C&MA Evangelical denomination has existed in Vietnam for more than 100 years and although it has affirmed its position with practical contributions, it still encounters prejudice about a religion that teaches people “to deny their roots", "to abandon their grandparents", and “not to be filial to their ancestors", which is contrary to Vietnamese cultural tradition. The research shows the concept of filial piety in the human outlook of the C&MA Evangelical believers from the perspective of the classical analysis of religion. In addition, the author also contributes to clarifying the causes of the C&MA Evangelical Church's failure to practice ancestor worship and analyzing research hypotheses about the relationship between Evangelicalism and Vietnamese culture in the "filial piety" through doctrines, thereby pointing out the most common reasons to answer the question why the filial spirit of the C&MA Evangelical denomination in Vietnam still encounters cultural barriers in the development process.

“Worth More Than Life Itself”: Military Honour and the Birth of Its Courts in Spain (1810–1870)

ABSTRACT This article deals with military honour in nineteenth-century Spain, after first examining how the meaning of this term evolved from the revolutionary Napoleonic wars onwards. This highly important moral value was learnt from the moment someone joined the army, and even before then, through education and common public military demonstrations. It related to individual behaviour, while also maintaining a high collective and corporative aspect, and it varied depending on gender or class and on the identity of the social group. It was part of the political thought of most relevant Spanish generals, and consequently it influenced the political dynamics of Spain. The Court of Honour, an institution in Spain that was not regulated until 1811, controlled honour compliance. The last section of this article focuses on how and why these institutions were born and explains their early legislative evolution. Spanish political and military development are inevitably bound together to the extent that an understanding of the nature of honour and its effects on the army and civilian ethics provides us with a deep socio-political and ethical analysis of the country during the nineteenth century.

Managing New Technology When Effective Control is Lost: Facing Hard Choices With CRISPR

ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to expand our appreciation of the gene editing tool, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9), its function, its benefits and risks, and the challenges of regulating its use. I frame CRISPR's emergence and its current use in the context of 150 years of formal exploration of heredity and genetics. I describe CRISPR's structure and explain how it functions as a useful engineering tool. The contemporary international and domestic regulatory environment governing human genetic interventions is reviewed and shown to be increasingly ineffective in its ability to restrain, guide, and optimize the emerging use of CRISPR. Several reasons for this lack of consensus are discussed. In conclusion, I suggest a number of public policy recommendations that might allow us to simultaneously embrace our most important moral values and manage the inevitable power CRISPR will come to have in our lives.

Internalization of Politeness Values Through Arabic Learning

Politeness is an important moral value for the young generation. Students are the young generation who are required to communicate with polite language and tone. A number of strategies have been implemented at schools to internalize politeness values in students' daily life. However, limited studies have been conducted regarding politeness value integration through language teaching. This study studied the politeness value integration at a senior high school in Indonesia. This study use a qualitative approach in the data was gathered through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written materials analysis. This study found that Arabic language teaching can be used to integrate politeness values through the use of Islamic teaching material. The school also provides support in creating social attitudes, especially politeness values n the school environment. This has been manifested in various Islamic teaching materials which both teachers and students used and discussed during Arabic teaching and learning. However, the school programs, especially the value of politeness internalization, have not yet been maximized and implemented because this study found the absence of planning (syllabus and lesson plans) for politeness values made by Arabic language teachers. It seems yet to become a priority activity.

Communication between parents and their adult children’s value system

The value system of every human being, i.e. what is valuable and most important to them, is closely related to the quality of their functioning. This paper presents an analysis of selected family determinants of shaping the value system in young adults. For this purpose, a study was conducted among 252 men and 252 women and it was determined to what extent the quality of the marital communication of parents (measured by the Marriage Communication Questionnaire by Maria Kaźmierczak and Mieczysław Plopa), assessed retrospectively by them, is related to the choice of their preferred values ​​described by Max. Scheler. The research only to some extent confirmed this relationship. They show that the higher the respondents rated the quality of their parents' marital communication, the more often they chose the most important moral values, and depending on their gender, also the values ​​of truth, aesthetic, secular and religious ones.

COMPENSATION FOR MORAL (NON-PECUNIARY DAMAGE) TO THE VICTIM – FACTOR IN PROTECTING HIS HONOR AND DIGNITY

The purpose of the article is that because modern important legal principles and moral values in the most advanced democratically developed countries of the world are strict observance of human rights and freedoms, respect for his honor and dignity. These social and legal norms are provided by normative legal acts, judicial and law enforcement bodies of the state, as the meaning of their activity is human life as the highest social value. The article states that the right to protection of the honor and dignity of man and citizen is enshrined in a number of international legal acts. Thus, in international law, the problems of ensuring the protection of the honor and dignity of the individual are regulated by both civil and criminal national law. The article emphasizes that Ukraine is building its state and its political and legal ideology is aimed at entering the circle of advanced countries of Western European democracy, becoming a full member of the EU, an active participant in the European integration process. This difficult task requires the reform of many branches of state building, including in the legal sphere in which civil law relations play a significant role. The article states that the problem of protection of human honor and dignity is enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine and a number of regulations. The article clarifies that in modern civil law relations between the parties there are conflicts, misunderstandings, open hostility and aggression which result in moral damage to the victim. The article emphasizes that a person who has been humiliated for his honor and dignity is under moral and psychological pressure, physically and morally suffering. The legislation of Ukraine provides for compensation to the victim by his offender in the form of compensation for moral (non-pecuniary) damage, which acts as a legal institution. The article states that solving this problem by legal means through monetary or moral compensation in the form of compensation is extremely difficult nowadays in both legal and moral-psychological aspects, given the suffering, emotional experiences, which can lead to tragic consequences. The article analyzes the normative legal acts of Ukraine aimed at compensating for moral (non-pecuniary) damage to the victim. It has been established that in Ukraine there are no precise criteria for compensating victims for non-pecuniary damage, which creates a number of problems that judges face in determining the amount of non-pecuniary damage suffered by a certain person. Unfortunately, in the modern Civil Code of Ukraine the concept of "moral damage" is not clearly defined. It is worth taking into account a more in-depth study of the experience of the most advanced countries in the world on the creative analysis of their regulations on compensation for moral damage to the victim and their implementation in the theory and practice of Ukraine.

HONOUR OF THE SOLDIER

In the Republic of Latvia, a soldier performs public service in the field of national defence and his/her legal status is a right guaranteed by the state, statutory duties, restrictions, and disciplinary liability, which are currently regulated by military law, administrative law and administrative procedure law. In addition to the regulation of special and general legal norms, a soldier also has important and binding moral values, because in Latvia "honour" is a characteristic of a soldier, which is inextricably linked to the soldier's profession both historically and of military service. Within the framework of the paper, the author has studied the concepts, essence, genesis and development of such values of a soldier as "honour" and "dignity", from the historical and modern point of view, both in civil life and military science. The author has also clarified their role in the legal status of a soldier and concluded that the existing legal status of a soldier should be elaborated and can be defined as a right guaranteed nowadays. Although not explicitly defined, it should be included in the legal status of a soldier as a military ethical requirement for his dignity and trust, integrity and duty in the performance by the state, statutory duties and restrictions, disciplinary liability and honor as a military ethical requirement.

“We Rule from the Great Rurik...”: on the Issue of the Formation of the Common Spiritual and Political Axiological Complex “Russian Land – Russian State – Russian Realm”

The article is devoted to the study of Russian traditional basic values. On the basis of the traditionalist-conservative approach, the authors examine the origin and development of the complex of spiritual and political values and ideals specific to the national intellectual history. In particular, the genesis of the concept of «state» is considered as one of the key ones for the study of traditional Russian spiritual and political values. The authors reconstruct the logic of the development and historical transformation of the idea of «Land-State-Realm» in the public consciousness of Russian people. On the basis of the political-textual and content analysis of a large number of sources on the national intellectual history, the definition of the state as a complicated axiological complex is proposed. The authors arrive at the conclusion that throughout the entire national history the value of the state was determined not only by political reasons of the need for unity, strength and independence, but also by spiritual and moral ones -since «Holy Russia» was the only country in the world where God's grace existed and concentrated. The authors emphasize that the recognition of the state as one of the most important spiritual and moral values is a specific feature of Russian civilization, which is fundamentally important for the formation of a unique political identity and the awareness of the meaning of one's own being.