Importance Of Intangible Assets Research Articles

A Study of an Improvement Plan for Transmission System of Team Dance Event of Important Intangible Cultural Asset

A Study of an Improvement Plan for Transmission System of Team Dance Event of Important Intangible Cultural Asset

Exploring Emotional Dissonance: On Doing What You Feel and Feeling What You Do

The main purpose of this study is to investigate and to critically examine the link between emotional dissonance and employee well-being by drawing on a conceptualization of emotional dissonance through a theoretical model, focusing on the biggest retail store chains in Turkey. There is no such a study exploring the cognitive antecedents of customer contact service-workers’ well-being like emotional dissonance in Turkey till now. Study results approve that emotional dissonance (surface acting) has a significant negative impact on employee well being (i.e. emotional exhaustion and job dissatisfaction) and the significant moderating impact of self concept (importance of authenticity and surface acting self efficacy) were also proven. Satisfaction of employees and maintaining their well being is an important intangible asset in creating a real competitive and strategic advantage therefore it has important contribution to strategic management process. Managerial implications and future research direction is also discussed in conclusion.

Linking Corporate Social Responsibility to Corporate Reputation: A Study on Understanding Behavioral Consequences

In today's highly competitive market environment, firms need to meet the expectations of multiple stakeholders and compete for reputational status. In this context, corporate reputation (hereafter, CR) plays a very specific role because stakeholders make their decisions based on the reputational status of the firm in question. Given the importance of CR as an important intangible asset that firms should carefully manage, understanding its antecedents and consequences is of strategic importance. Examining CR from a multi-stakeholder perspective, this study aims to investigate first the effect that corporate social responsibility (hereafter, CSR) has on CR as an antecedent and then the effects that CR has on the behaviors of customers, employees, and investors as different stakeholder groups. To test the hypothesized relationships, an online questionnaire is conducted to a convenience sample of 172 respondents and the results are computed using multiple regression analyses. The results confirm not only that as an antecedent, CSR has a strong positive effect on CR but also that CR has a strong positive effect on the behaviors of customers, employees, and investors.

Impact of Customer‐based Corporate Reputation on Non‐monetary and Monetary Outcomes: The Roles of Commitment and Service Context Risk

A firm's reputation is an important intangible asset, because of its potential for value creation. The authors explore non‐monetary and monetary outcomes of customer‐based corporate reputation (CBR) and hypothesize that commitment serves as a partial mediator, while service context risk is a moderator, of these relationships. Using a large sample of service customers who evaluated the reputation of service firms in four service categories, the results show that (1) commitment partially mediates the relationship between CBR and most of the outcome variables, and (2) service provider selection risk moderates these relationships, such that reputation has a stronger effect on several non‐monetary outcomes for higher‐risk services and commitment has a stronger effect for lower‐risk services, consistent with a dual‐processing framework explanation. The authors discuss the theoretical and managerial implications.

Exploring the Interlinkages between Brand Equity and Business Performance – Towards a Conceptual Framework

Brand is considered as one of the most important intangible assets of any business. Companies spend considerable amount of their revenue and time in brand building activities. In this scenario, there arose a need that brand building activities require justification. Brand equity and business performance are the two concurrent topics of interest to both managers and academicians. This article focuses on the studies establishing the relationship between brand equity and business performance. Building on existing conceptual and empirical data we present a conceptual framework of such a relationship.

The role of accounting in the knowledge economy

The importance of intangible assets or intellectual capital (IC) has greatly increased in the last two decades. Unfortunately, financial accounting and traditional accounting instruments fail to capture these values and report them. As a result, there is a growing interest and study on knowledge assets or IC in this digital era or knowledge-based economy. Thus, there is a need to focus on the definition of intangible assets, the limitations of existing financial accounting framework in reporting these assets, the importance to measure and report intangibles, the problems encountered, the various methods used to measure intangibles and the role of accounting in the knowledge economy.

Measuring reputation in global markets—A comparison of reputation measures’ convergent and criterion validities

Corporate reputation has become one of the most important intangible assets for maintaining and enhancing firms’ competitiveness in the global marketplace. Researchers have shown considerable interest in measuring the corporate reputation construct, resulting in a lack of consensus on valid measurement approaches. Against this background, we discuss commonly used reputation measures from a conceptual as well as theoretical perspective, and empirically compare them in terms of convergent validity and criterion validity. By examining the measures’ psychometric properties, both theoretically and empirically, this study provides guidance for their reasonable application in business research and practice.

Business Continuity Plan (BCP)

Among the lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake, there were a large number of new findings, including which preparations functioned as planned and which did not. Now that a year has elapsed since the earthquake disaster, the parties concerned need to reexamine those measures which are yet to be implemented since we should not see the same results after a large scale disaster in the future as those we saw in the past. In this JDR Special Issue on Business Continuity Plan (BCP), I tried to ask for papers not only from academia but also from business fields to make this issue practical and useful to be leveraged for our next steps in preparing for incoming disasters. As a result, this issue obtains papers from various fields from academia to financial businesses and also with several different approaches which includes actual real case studies. Many of papers in this issue focus on intangible part of business continuity activities that is different from the traditional disaster management approaches which have mainly focused on tangibles or hardware reinforcement against natural disasters. Recent wide-area disasters taught us the importance of intangibles and we should start discussions more in details with aspects such as corporate value, emergency transportation & logistics, training & exercises, funding arrangement, and management systems. I hope that discussions and insights in this issue will help our discussions and actions to move forward. Finally, I really thank the authors’ insightful contributions and the referees’ intensive professional advices to make this JDR Special Issue valuable to our society in preparing for incoming disasters.

Do Bondholders Care about Managerial Stability? Evidence from the Financial Services Industry

Using new bond issues in the financial services industry, this article examines whether and to what extent the capital markets recognize the risk associated with the mobility of human capital. The authors evaluate the state-by-state variations in the enforceability of noncompetition agreements in the U.S. to test the market-discipline hypothesis and find a significant negative relation between the degree of enforcement of noncompetition agreements and the yield spreads for bonds issued by financial institutions. Other findings include that the negative relation is more prominent for investmentgrade bonds and bonds with long-term maturities and that investors care more about managerial stability when bond issuers have weak protection of shareholder rights. Given the extreme importance of human capital in the financial services industry and the heightened turnover rate in the industry, this article sheds further light on the importance of intangible assets in shaping the perception of firm risk. Moreover, it establishes another robust link between law and finance in the sense that the regulatory environment has a significant effect on the cost of debt for financial firms.

Do differences in financial reporting attributes impair the predictive ability of financial ratios for bankruptcy?

This study explores the effect of cross-sectional and time-series differences in financial reporting attributes on the predictive ability of financial ratios for bankruptcy. We identify proxies for discretion over financial reporting, the importance of intangible assets, the comprehensiveness of the accounting model and recognition of losses. Each of our proxies for financial reporting attributes is associated with financial ratios that are less informative in predicting bankruptcy. Furthermore, our time-series tests reveal a decline in the predictive ability of financial ratios for bankruptcy and document that this decline is associated with our measures of financial reporting attributes.

Intangible assets, innovation and value creation: Elucidating the triad for small enterprises

How can businesses truly derive value from innovation? This remains a fundamental question especially in the context of small enterprises (SEs) located in developing countries. Most industries/sectors in these countries are characterized by primitive technologies, limited resources and poor infrastructure. These are the conventional tangible assets that have remained the prime focus of research work on understanding innovation. However, this paper offers a unique perspective by presenting the intangible assets that an SE needs in order to innovate and derive value from that innovation. Mixed methods have been used for collecting data from 95 SEs including semi-structured in-depth interviews, structured interviews and questionnaires. A contextual approach has been applied along with qualitative data analysis to find out the nature of innovation in the SEs of north-west Pakistan. The paper also presents, for the first time, a categorized set of intangible assets required by SEs to innovate. Further, the study applies Teece’s (1986) landmark framework to present a first-time understanding of the relationship between intangible assets, innovation and value creation for SEs in a developing country. Thus, an alternative perspective is offered to policy makers and stakeholders of the region that underscores the hitherto unrealized importance of intangible assets in influencing innovation and value creation in order to make an SE sector more competitive. Key words: Innovation, intangible assets, value.

Partial Employees-Recognition to the Role of Customers: Demographic Analysis for Customer Citizenship Behaviors

Customers are the important intangible assets for enterprises. In service industry, customers are not only the consumers and users, but also the partial Employees. One of their behaviors is Customer Citizenship Behaviors. The thesis illustrates that there is different intention of Customer Citizenship Behaviors for different personal characteristics. In order to increase corporate performance, we should make a difference among customers; prompt the producing of Customer Citizenship Behaviors.

Organizational Protection by Work force Honoring

A discussion about a review on work force resources system in workplace has received relatively little attention from organizational behavior researchers. The strategic importance of workers is discussed and their interaction, as an asset, with other important organization assets. The basic methodologies for valuing workers are then explained and their limitations are considered. A discussion about a review on work force resources system in workplace has received relatively little attention from organizational behavior researchers. The first of the themes to be addressed concerns the relationship between emotion and rationality. There has been a longstanding bifurcation between the two with emotions labeled in pejorative terms and devalued in matters concerning the workplace. The form and structure of an organization's work force honoring can affect employee motivation levels in several ways. Organizations can adopt various work force honoring practices to enhance employee satisfaction. Recognizing the importance of work force honoring in achieving flexibility in an international context expands the types of research questions related to the role of work force honoring functions in organizational performance, such as selection of work force resources, training, and compensation and performance appraisal. This paper considers the value of workers as an important intangible asset of an organization. A significant finding from this study and own experience is that many issues remain unrecognized for far too long after they are first identified. Valuing intangible assets, in particular workers-related intangibles, is clearly not a straightforward exercise. There has been a longstanding bifurcation between the two with emotions labeled in pejorative terms and devalued in matters concerning the workplace. Work force resources management should recognize that even though all types of resources are important for firm start-up and growth, certain ones are more salient depending on the goals of the organization. It is important to identify the primary patterns of work force resources changes and their importance in understanding and tracking shifts in the organization over time.

A Study on Patent Right Valuation Using Discounted Cash Flow

Abstract Intangible assets are the important tool which decides upon economic wealth and development of knowledge-information economy. We have to make effective use of intangible assets in order to assure surplus earnings, competitive superiority. The importance of intangible assets, especially patent right, may be properly understood only when their values are assessed adequately. It is very significant to appraise rationally patent right value from finance support, technology transaction, investment decision, M&A, legal proceedings, strategy and etc. Thus the purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic value of a patent right using DCF(Discounted-Cash Flow Method). This paper presents the basic model, related principles and standards of valuation, and then, case analysis of patent right valuation using DCF. Key Words : discounted-cash flow method, valuation, patent right, income approach 이 논문은 2012년 광주대학교 대학연구비의 지원을 받아 수행되었음 * 광주대학교 경영대학 경영학과 교수논문접수: 2012년 7월 20일, 1차 수정을 거쳐, 심사완료: 2012년 8월 20일

An Empirical Research on the Correlation between Human Capital and Career Success of Knowledge Workers in Enterprise

Abstract Human capital plays an important part in employability of knowledge workers, also it is the important intangible assets of company. This paper explores the correlation between human capital and career success of knowledge workers. Based on literature retrieval, we identified measuring tool of career success and modified further; measuring human capital with self-developed scale of high reliability and validity. After exploratory factor analysis, we suggest that human capital contents four dimensions, including education, work experience, learning ability and training; career success contents three dimensions, including perceived internal competitiveness of organization, perceived external competitiveness of organization and career satisfaction. The result of empirical analysis indicates that there is a positive correlation between human capital and career success, and human capital is an excellent predictor of career success beyond demographics variables.

The Application of Neural Network Technology in Electronic Commerce Evaluation System

Customer relationship management data mining are introduced In this paper. BP neural network is used in intelligent business-to-customer relationship evaluation. The customer relationship evaluation model is built based on the evaluation index system, which can train data samples and then obtain evaluation results. This paper also describes analysis of a customer relationship evaluation system based on neural network technology that is implemented using ASP.NET 2.0, SQL Server 2005 and MATLAB, conceptual design of the system, and implementation of the system. It is worth mentioning that the system has solved the MATLAB mixed programming problem, which promote the programming development of MATLAB application. With the increasing popularity of e-commerce technology, customer relationship management (CRM) is increasingly becoming the wide attention and research focus in business community and academic world. Customers have become one of the most important and valuable intangible assets in a modern enterprise. Customer retention is an important issue in the research and practice of customer relationship management (1). In order to achieve customer retention effectively, the accurate customer relationship evaluation is especially important, which will help the enterprises carry out better targeted customer marketing decision-making management. Evaluating customer relationship effectively is the prerequisite and guarantee to customer relationship management goals. Evaluation methods like K- means, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process were used before. But the complexity of customer relationship evaluation being affected by various factors shows non-linear characteristics, which makes it difficult to meet evaluation requirements fully using general mathematical methods. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process can solve the problem about the weight of evaluation index system, but human subjective factors and decisions affected the evaluation and customer relationship data stored in the databases with information technologies being widely used in enterprises can not be leveraged effectively. The data mining technology can effectively deal with the problem of obtaining useful information from the vast amounts of information. The information-processing capacity of non-linear and adaptive features of BP neural network in data mining technologies overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods to better simulate a variety of factors influencing on the evaluation complexly, which is advantage and feasible. This paper aims at customer relationship evaluation based on BP neural network, and develops an e-commerce customer relationship evaluation system based on Web. MATLAB neural network toolbox components are also embedded in the system. The customer relationship in a restaurant as a case is studied to implement a valid evaluation of customer relationship.

Improving Competitiveness Trough Creation of Knowledge and Reverse Logistics

From the perspective of Resource Based View Theory companies pursue sustainable competitive advantages in their resources and capabilities, analyzing and strengthening them (Penrose, 1959; Wernerfelt, 1984; Barney 1991; Amit & Schoemaker, 1993; Peteraf, 1993). So strategy of the organization should focus on its core competencies because they allow maximize value of the organization (Prahalad & Hamel, 1990). Therefore knowledge has become one of the most important intangible assets for the company (Nonaka, 1994; Scarborough et al., 1999; Storey & Barnett, 2000; Lee & Sukoco, 2007; Carbonara & Caizza, 2008; Li et al., 2009) and in particular the process of creation of knowledge within the organization (Nonaka, 1994, Nonaka & Konno, 1998). Similarly, consideration of a reverse flow in logistics amplify the company's competitive capabilities in the sense of increasing resources and capabilities on which to develop the potential of the organization and to achieve, in this way, the desired competitive advantage sustainable, because to meet the increasing needs of customers demanding, the product must be not only quality but also highly competitive, be available when and where appropriate and be respectful of the environment (Stock, 1992; Tibben-Lembke & Rogers, 2002). The study of all this product flow in the opposite way and how to deal with all things entailed for the organization is what has been called in recent years Reverse Logistics (Rogers & Tibben-Lembke, 1999, 2001; Dowlatshahi, 2000; Tibben-Lembke & Rogers, 2002; Council of Logistics Management, 2003; Krikke et al., 2003; Stock et al., 2002). Activities of Reverse Logistics require adequate knowledge management in all phases of return of the product that may help to solve problems it faces in all these processes (Wadhwa & Madaan, 2007), and also may approach the current goals of customer satisfaction and business benefit to the legislation for the environment. In this sense, it is fundamental for the organization to have ability to generate new knowledge to reduce the high uncertainty of Reverse Logistics activities (Arrow, 1962; Galbraith & Kazanjian, 1986; Murdick & Munson, 1988; Drucker, 1993). Even with growing importance of both variables, there is a lack of scientific literature that attempt to analyze the relationship between the creation of knowledge and Reverse Logistics and their possible implications. So it is very interesting to analyze the relationship between the creation of knowledge and the importance of Reverse Logistics, and their influence on organizational performance. Using Nonaka and Takeuchi's model of knowledge creation (SECI model, Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995), we develop and test hypotheses on such relationship using a sample of 284 Spanish firms by examining the direct and indirect effects of knowledge creation and Reverse Logistics upon firm performance. The rest of the paper is set out as follows. The next section considers the previous literature and sets out the hypotheses of this study. The following part is the methodology for the study. Then, the paper presents the results of the empirical study in achieving the goals as those set out above. Discussion and conclusions are provided in the last section. Results of this investigation support that the creation of knowledge positively affects Reverse Logistics and it improves company performance. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.22.4.719

Evaluate the Factors Affecting Brand Equity from the Perspective of Customers Using Aaker's Model

Customers and brands are the two most important intangible assets of any organization. Ahead research as evaluate the factors affecting brand equity from the perspective of customers using Aaker's model (Case study: Iran insurance organizations customers, Tonekabon Branch). A descriptive - survey study that aims to determine the effect of marketing mix elements (Price, store image, distribution intensity, advertising , price promotion and family) from the Perspective of customers, the loyalty and then brand equity from the impact path the other dimensions CBBE.(Brand awareness, perceived quality of brand, brand image and brand associations). In order to analyze data from 382 questionnaires collected, with the help from the structural equation modeling software was used Lisrel to test this 24 hypothesis. Research findings indicate that: • Selected Marketing elements other than price promotion are effective on CBBE dimensions. • from the brand equity dimensions ,in order to the brand loyalty, brand image, perceived quality of the brand and brand awareness the positive and significant impact on brand equity. • The positive impact of brand associations on brand equity is unmeaning.

The impacts of brand equity, brand attachment, product involvement and repurchase intention on bicycle users

The 15th Conference of the Parties (COP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Copenhagen was over on 19 December 2009. Undoubtedly, people will pay more attention to global warming and green life in the future. Enhancing protection of ecology is a key point in future development of world bicycle industry. Bicycle industry in Taiwan has complete upper, middle and lower systems. As bicycle companies in Taiwan gradually focus on medium and high end bicycles and total export reached USD1.2 billion in 2009. This shows increasing added values. In such a competitive environment, bicycle brands must offer various product types to meet needs of different consumers. Brands are important intangible assets to a company and under great attention of major world players. Therefore and this study aims at impacts of brand equity, brand attachment, product involvement and repurchase intention on bicycle users when selecting bicycle brands and engaging in activities. Target included users in bicycle recreation on bicycle lanes in areas north of Taichung. A total of 400 questionnaires were issued in convenience sampling; 350 valid questionnaires were collected and verified with LISREL. The conditions were: brand equity has positive influence on brand attachment, repurchase intention and product involvement; product involvement has positive influence on brand attachment and repurchase intention and indirect influence on brand attachment through product involvement. Through product involvement and brand attachment, it has indirect influence on repurchase intention. Suggestions were proposed against the preceding conclusions as reference on marketing strategies and operation management in developing own brands by bicycle companies in Taiwan. Key words: Bicycle, brand equity, brand involvement, brand attachment, repurchase intention, Structural Equation Modeling.

Relationship between leadership behaviors and task performance: The mediation role of job satisfaction and the moderation role of social distance

The 15th Conference of the Parties (COP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Copenhagen was over on 19 December 2009. Undoubtedly, people will pay more attention to global warming and green life in the future. Enhancing protection of ecology is a key point in future development of world bicycle industry. Bicycle industry in Taiwan has complete upper, middle and lower systems. As bicycle companies in Taiwan gradually focus on medium and high end bicycles and total export reached USD1.2 billion in 2009. This shows increasing added values. In such a competitive environment, bicycle brands must offer various product types to meet needs of different consumers. Brands are important intangible assets to a company and under great attention of major world players. Therefore and this study aims at impacts of brand equity, brand attachment, product involvement and repurchase intention on bicycle users when selecting bicycle brands and engaging in activities. Target included users in bicycle recreation on bicycle lanes in areas north of Taichung. A total of 400 questionnaires were issued in convenience sampling; 350 valid questionnaires were collected and verified with LISREL. The conditions were: brand equity has positive influence on brand attachment, repurchase intention and product involvement; product involvement has positive influence on brand attachment and repurchase intention and indirect influence on brand attachment through product involvement. Through product involvement and brand attachment, it has indirect influence on repurchase intention. Suggestions were proposed against the preceding conclusions as reference on marketing strategies and operation management in developing own brands by bicycle companies in Taiwan. Key words: Bicycle, brand equity, brand involvement, brand attachment, repurchase intention, Structural Equation Modeling.