Important Inequalities Research Articles

Los estereotipos de género en las elecciones y expectativas de estudiantes de Educación Técnica Profesional en Argentina: diferencias regionales y de género.

A pesar de que en los últimos años en Argentina se amplió paulatinamente el acceso de estudiantes mujeres a la Educación Técnico Profesional, en la modalidad persisten importantes desigualdades de género. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las motivaciones iniciales y las expectativas futuras de estudiantes que asisten a ofertas de la Educación Técnica Profesional y su relación con la persistencia – o con la transformación – de estereotipos sobre las diferencias de género en el mercado laboral.
 El abordaje metodológico fue cuanti-cualitativo. Los datos fueron construidos a partir de la aplicación de encuestas y la realización de grupos focales con estudiantes varones y mujeres de Escuelas Secundarias Técnicas y de Cursos de Formación Profesional en dos regiones del país. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre ambos territorios analizados y, al interior de estos, entre varones y mujeres. A pesar de las políticas en pos de la igualdad de género y la visibilización de las diversas discriminaciones que sufren las mujeres generada por las múltiples movilizaciones feministas en el último tiempo en la Argentina, siguen persistiendo imaginarios que legitiman las desigualdades.

On Gr\xfcss inequalities within generalized K-fractional integrals

In this paper, we introduce the generalized mathcal{K}-fractional integral in the frame of a new parameter mathcal{K}>0. This paper offers some new important inequalities of Grüss type using the generalized mathcal{K}-fractional integral and associated integral inequalities. Our results with this new integral operator have the abilities to be implemented for the evaluation of many mathematical problems related to the real world applications.

Robust adaptive fault-tolerant consensus control for uncertain nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems with directed topologies

This paper investigates the problem of fault-tolerant consensus control (FTCC) for heterogeneous nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems with general directed topology, where the systems are subject to heterogeneous unknown and time-varying inertias, coupling nonlinearities, external disturbances, and actuator failures. A continuous robust adaptive FTCC protocol is designed by using a boundary layer technique to compensate for the time-varying unknown inertias, uncertain coupling dynamics/disturbances, and unpredictable actuation failures simultaneously. By artfully choosing a Lyapunov function and by generalizing an important fractional-order inequality, it is shown that the consensus configuration error converges to an adjustable small residual set in finite time. The proposed robust adaptive FTCC protocol is completely distributed in the sense that there is no need for any global information, and also is less demanding without requiring any detailed dynamic/parameters information or complicated/costly fault detection and diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed FTCC scheme is illustrated by numerical simulation.

Stochastic Characteristics and Optimal Control for a Stochastic Chemostat Model with Variable Yield

In this paper, a stochastic chemostat model with variable yield and Contois growth function is investigated. The yield coefficient depends on the limiting nutrient, and the environmental noises are given by independent standard Brownian motions. First, the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution are proved. Second, by using stochastic Lyapunov function, Itô’s formula, and some important inequalities, stochastic characteristics for the stochastic model are studied, including the extinction of micro-organism, the strong persistence in the mean of micro-organism and, the existence of a unique stationary distribution of the stochastic model. Third, the necessary condition of an optimal stochastic control for the stochastic model is established by Hamiltonian function. In addition, some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results and the influence of the variable yield on the microorganism.

Social stigma is an underestimated contributing factor to unemployment in people with mental illness or mental health issues: position paper and future directions

BackgroundAs yet, little is known about the effects of mental health stigma on sustainable employment. This is surprising, as mental health stigma is common, and because people with severe and common mental disorders are 7 and 3 times more likely to be unemployed, respectively, than people with no disorders. As the global lifetime prevalence of mental disorders is 29%, the high unemployment rates of people with these health problems constitute an important and urgent public health inequality problem that needs to be addressed.Main textThe aim of this position paper is to illustrate the assumption that stigma contributes to the unemployment of people with mental illness and mental health issues with evidence from recent scientific studies on four problem areas, and to provide directions for future research. These four problem areas indicate that: (1) employers and line managers hold negative attitudes towards people with mental illness or mental health issues, which decreases the chances of people with these health problems being hired or supported; (2) both the disclosure and non-disclosure of mental illness or mental health issues can lead to job loss; (3) anticipated discrimination, self-stigma and the ‘Why Try’ effect can lead to insufficient motivation and effort to keep or find employment and can result in unemployment; and (4) stigma is a barrier to seeking healthcare, which can lead to untreated and worsened health conditions and subsequently to adverse occupational outcomes (e.g. sick leave, job loss).ConclusionsThe paper concludes that stigma in the work context is a considerable and complex problem, and that there is an important knowledge gap especially regarding the long-term effects of stigma on unemployment. To prevent and decrease adverse occupational outcomes in people with mental illness or mental health issues there is an urgent need for high quality and longitudinal research on stigma related consequences for employment. In addition, more validated measures specifically for the employment setting, as well as destigmatizing intervention studies are needed.

On P\xf3lya\u2013Szeg\xf6 and \u010ceby\u0161ev type inequalities via generalized k-fractional integrals

In this paper, we introduce the generalized k-fractional integral in terms of a new parameter k>0, present some new important inequalities of Pólya–Szegö and Čebyšev types by use of the generalized k-fractional integral. Our consequences with this new integral operator have the abilities to implement the evaluation of many mathematical problems related to real world applications.

How Important Gender Inequality in Education on Poverty Reduction? Indonesian Case

How Important Gender Inequality in Education on Poverty Reduction? Indonesian Case

General Convexity of Multidimensional Functions and Related Hermite-Hadamard Type Integral Inequalities

The basic goal is to investigate general convexity of multidimensional functions and derive several important inequalities associated with it’s in this paper. For this reason, multidimensional general convex functions were firstly defined. Afterwards, some properties of these functions were mentioned. Accordingly, the relation of multidimensional general convex functions with other convex functions was established. Additionally, a generalization of Hermite-Hadamard type integral inequality was showed for two-dimensional general convex functions. Finally , Hermite-Hadamard type integral inequality for multidimensional general convex functions was verified and an explanatory example for this inequality was given in this study.

Variable exponent Triebel-Lizorkin-Morrey spaces

We introduce variable exponent versions of Morreyfied Triebel-Lizorkin spaces. To that end, we prove an important convolution inequality which is a replacement for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal inequality in the fully variable setting. Using it we obtain characterizations by means of Peetre maximal functions and use them to show the independence of the introduced spaces from the admissible system used.

Sharp inequalities for geometric Fourier transform and associated ambiguity function

The geometric Fourier transform defined using Clifford algebra plays an increasingly active role in modern data analysis, in particular for color image processing. However, due to the non-commutativity, it is hard to obtain many important analytic properties. In this paper, we prove several important sharp inequalities, including the Hausdorff-Young inequality and its converse, Pitt's inequality and Lieb's inequality for Clifford ambiguity functions. With these inequalities, several uncertainty principles with optimal constants are derived for the geometric Fourier transform. Most results in this paper are new even in the easier case, i.e. the quaternion setting. The method developed here also works for more general geometric Fourier transforms.

EDUCATION AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

The constituent element of every society is its structure. It grows on the basis of multiple factors and constitutes a specific context of human behavior, and more specifically the behavior of individuals of particular groups. On the one hand, human action always has a specific internal logic, but it is also externally conditioned; it takes place within a concrete framework, which are called structures.
 The structures are therefore a systematized pattern constituting specific frames defining the ways of human interaction. Among social structures, social stratification is at the forefront, understood as a system of structured, socially important inequalities. Within them, individuals or categories of people have unequal access to socially appreciated values.In modern society, education is one of the most important factors of social stratification. It is within the framework of the education process that individuals prepare to fulfill social roles. Considering the fact that some roles are described as important and desirable, they are also better paid, and moreover, they are given higher social prestige. As a consequence, they become an important factor of social stratification. On the other hand, unequal access to education for any reason, makes it difficult for individuals to promote themselves and places them lower in the hierarchy of layers. In this way, education becomes an important factor in social stratification.

Environmental health community service: Confronting the human resource challenges

Orientation: The environmental health graduates are required to complete community service before they could be registered as independent practitioners by the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Community service programme serves as the mechanism to recruit healthcare professionals who will improve the provision of equitable and quality healthcare.Research purpose: The study aimed to explore, identify and describe the factors that had an influence on the effective selection, placement and utilisation of environmental health graduates as well as an evaluation of the effectiveness of community service.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. The study included 24 environmental health practitioners who completed their community service and 10 environmental health practitioners responsible for coordinating community service in the municipal, provincial and national spheres of government in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa during 2013–2016. Purposive sample was drawn from each population. T-test and chi-square test were used to determine the statistical significant differences. The open-ended question responses from the structured questionnaire were qualitatively analysed by an independent coder.Main findings: The findings revealed major problems regarding the effective implementation of community service that included decreasing number of community service posts, inadequate material resources, lack of induction, inconsistent supervision, and a lack of evaluation of the community service.Contribution: The study findings suggest important inequalities that should deserve urgent attention. Study concludes by presenting recommendations for the improvement of the community service in the environmental health.

On fractional continuous weighted OWA (FCWOWA) operator with applications

In order statistics, CWOWA operator in real line based on Choquet integral was recently introduced by Narukawa et al. (Ann Oper Res 244(2):571–581, 2016). Recently, the relation of Choquet integral with fractional integral on a continuous support was recently discussed by Sugeno (IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23:1439–1457, 2015). As an open problem, Sugeno emphasized that “it is necessary to consider fractional Choquet integral with respect to any monotone measures”. This reason permit us to consider this problem and introduce the fractional Choquet integral with respect to any monotone measures. We also introduce the fractional CWOWA operator (FCWOWA) which includes CWOWA and WOWA operators as special cases. As an application, we also present some important inequalities for FCWOWA operator.

Rank-two update algorithm versus Frank–Wolfe algorithm with away steps for the weighted Euclidean one-center problem

The weighted Euclidean one-center (WEOC) problem is one of the classic problems in facility location theory, which is also a generalization of the minimum enclosing ball (MEB) problem. Given m points in $${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$$, the WEOC problem computes a center point $$c\in {\mathbb {R}}^{n}$$ that minimizes the maximum weighted Euclidean distance to m given points. The rank-two update algorithm is an effective method for solving the minimum volume enclosing ellipsoid (MVEE) problem. It updates only two components of the solution at each iteration, which was previously proposed in Cong et al. (Comput Optim Appl 51(1):241–257, 2012). In this paper, we further develop and analyze the rank-two update algorithm for solving the WEOC problem. At each iteration, the calculation of the optimal step-size for the WEOC problem needs to distinguish four different cases, which is a challenge in comparison with the MVEE problem. We establish the theoretical results of the complexity and the core set size of the rank-two update algorithm for the WEOC problem, which are the generalizations of the currently best-known results for the MEB problem. In addition, by constructing an important inequality for the WEOC problem, we establish the linear convergence of this rank-two update algorithm. Numerical experiments show that the rank-two update algorithm is comparable to the Frank–Wolfe algorithm with away steps for the WEOC problem. In particular, the rank-two update algorithm is more efficient than the Frank–Wolfe algorithm with away steps for problem instances with $$m\gg n$$ under high precision.

Bellman Function Sitting on a Tree

Abstract In this note we give a proof-by-formula of certain important embedding inequalities on a dyadic tree. We also consider the case of a bi-tree, where a different approach is explained.

Socioeconomic Inequality in Self-immolation, between Genders; Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition, Results of Registration-Based Suicide Data.

Objective: To assess the important socio-demographic inequalities in self-immolation in between genders.Methods:A cross-sectional study, 2011 to 2016, was conducted. A total of 540 completed suicides were recruited to the study. Data were collected by systematic registration suicide data (SRSD) and Legal Medicine Organization (LMO). The concentration index (CI) was used to determine the inequality. The inequality line was decomposed to find out the main sources of inequality in self-immolation between genders by Oaxaca-Blinder approach. Results:The mean ratio of self-immolation was 21.8% among completed suicides. The decreasing trend was found in self-immolations during 2011-2016 (z = -2.07, p = 0.039), the mean rate in six years, was 2.98 per 100.000 populations. Unemployment −.043 (−.07, −0.01), married subject’s −.016 (−.03, −0.00) and low educational level −.005 (−.01, −0.00) were the main inequality source in females compared to males. Conclusion:Our results suggest that despite the incidence decreasing in self-immolation within 6 years of study period, the inequality was detected in self-immolation. The main socio-demographics in inequalities were lower educational level, married persons and unemployment that prevention programs should be more concentrated in females to a decrease of inequality in self-immolation.

Several new cyclic Jensen type inequalities and their applications

We present some fundamental results and definitions regarding Jensen’s inequality with the aim of obtaining new generalizations of cyclic refinements of Jensen’s inequality from convex to higher order convex functions using Taylor’s formula. We discuss the monotonicity of functionals for n-convex functions at a point. Applications of our work include new bounds for some important inequalities used in information theory.

Entanglement of purification in holographic systems

The holographic entanglement of purification (EoP) in AdS4 and AdS-RN black hole backgrounds is studied. We develop an algorithm to compute the EoP for bipartite configuration with infinitely long strips. The temperature behavior of EoP is revealed for small, intermediate and large configurations: EoP monotonically increases with the temperature for small configurations; while for intermediate configurations, EoP is configuration-dependent; EoP vanishes for large configurations. Our numerical results verify some important inequalities of EoP, which we also prove geometrically in Poincaré coordinate.

Some characteristic properties of the weighted particular Schur polynomial mean

This paper provides some characteristic properties of the weighted particular Schur polynomial mean of several variables. In addition, an elementary proof of an important inequality involving the weighted particular Schur polynomial mean is given. Various related results involving a family of the Schur polynomials, symmetric polynomials, and other associated polynomials, together with the potential for their applications, are also considered.

Needs in coverage and care for lung cancer in Mexico

To analyze the coverage of lung cancer in Mexico and offer recommendations in this regard. By means of the conformation of a multidisciplinary group, we analyze the burden of the disease relative to the lung cancer and the access to the medical treatment offered by the different public health subsystems in Mexico. Important inequalities in lung cancer care are documented among the different public health subsystems. Our data suggest differential access and coverage to both traditional treatments and existing therapeutic innovations and differences in the capacity of health service providers to guarantee the right to health protection without distinction. Recommendations are made on the need to improve actions for tobacco control, early diagnosis for lung cancer and inclusion of innovative therapies and homologation among different public health service providers through financing via tobacco taxes.