Important Duties Research Articles

TRANSNATIONAL PARENT-CARE AND FILIAL PIETY: THE PARADOX OF IDEALIZED TRADITIONAL IMMIGRANT VALUES

Abstract For families from highly filial societies, such as those from East Asian countries, providing care to parents in later life has long been considered an important value and duty. However, providing parent-care to older adults in modern societies can present many practical challenges for families. When adult children emigrate abroad while the parents stay, the physical distance separating the transnational families presents additional difficulties in meeting filial expectations and providing practical care. In this qualitative ethnographic study, ten first-generation Korean Americans were interviewed in depth using an open-ended, semi-structured protocol. These interviews focused on respondents’ experiences and concerns surrounding transnational parent-caregiving for parents living back in South Korea. A grounded theory approach was used to adapt the research focus to accommodate emerging thematic elements as the interviews progressed. Most respondents expressed a strong preference for idealized and traditional models of filial piety. They not only felt a strong obligation to support and care for their parents as they aged, but many even stated that they wanted to co-reside with their parents. This is notable since the practice is not only outdated in the West, but it has rapidly fallen out of favor and use in Korea. This preference for seemingly outdated traditional filial values stood in stark contrast to the respondents’ acknowledgement that there were significant obstacles in achieving their preferred care goals. I conclude with a discussion of the respondents’ preferences for seemingly outdated and unachievable filial ideals.

Kangaroos and Dragons: how much is a species worth?

The article explores the moral conflict between individual animal rights and the value of species conservation, using the culling of kangaroos to save earless dragons in Australia as a case study. The author argues that species do not possess nonderivative final value and thus cannot justify the infringement of individual rights. While recognizing the instrumental and contributory value of species, the paper rejects philosophical arguments that claim species have nonderivative value, such as the replication argument and the last person argument. The author concludes that while there are important conservation duties, they should not violate individual rights, as exemplified by the kangaroo culling practice, which must be abolished.

Trauma in the courtroom: The role of prior trauma exposure and mental health on stress and emotional responses in jurors.

Prior research indicates that jury duty can be distressing for some jurors. This study examined: (1) the influence of prior trauma characteristics (type, exposure, time since trauma), medical fear and mental health difficulties on stress and emotional responses during a mock trial and 1 week later; and (2) associations between early stress reactions during a trial on subsequent stress and emotional reactivity after exposure to skeletal evidence and 1 week later. Mock jurors (n = 180) completed baseline self-report mental health measures, read a summary of a murder case and were then exposed to graphic skeletal evidence. Stress and/or emotional responses were collected at baseline, after reading the case summary, before and after viewing the skeletal evidence and 7 days post-trial. Participants reported a wide range of prior traumatic experiences, with nearly half reporting pre-existing mental health difficulties. Average traumatic stress symptoms tripled from baseline to follow-up, with 44% of participants meeting PTSD-type criteria 7 days later. Medical fear and mental health difficulties were positively associated with some stress and/or emotional responses throughout the trial, with mixed findings concerning trauma characteristics, stress and emotional reactivity. Initial stress and emotional responses to case evidence were linked to later stress and emotional reactions, after accounting for pre-existing trauma and mental health characteristics. Past trauma experiences, mental health difficulties and immediate stress responses during a trial can exacerbate emotional and stress reactions. Addressing the psychological impacts of pre-existing trauma symptoms could improve juror well-being during this important civic duty.

Argumentation of the special social care concept for war veterans in Ukraine

The value of adherence to basic liberal democratic approaches to market self-regulation of the economy is emphasised. At the same time, given the particularly difficult conditions that the Ukrainian people are going through, which has given rise to a separate priority public interest not only for Ukrainian society, the author considers the concept that not only socially vulnerable/unable to protect themselves, but also, first and foremost, citizens who perform extremely important duties to the State and their people deserve special recognition and provision of special social security, and improvement of conditions for the exercise of labour and other rights of war veterans. This idea is substantiated in accordance with the provisions of the main section of the Constitution of Ukraine, Ukrainian legislation, and the principles of labour and social security legislation. The author distinguishes approaches of the state social security policy to different categories of citizens, in particular, two main ones: 1) when a certain regulation is established for subjects unconditionally, i.e. without any requirements regarding the corresponding obligations of such persons towards the state; 2) when the state policy with appropriate legal regulation of social protection and support is introduced for persons who have undertaken to perform particularly important priority functions for the state, to protect the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the internationally recognised borders of Ukraine. In the latter case, it is emphasised that such regulation is conditional, since the priority is the fulfilment of a citizen's primary duty to the state, which gives rise to the right to social security for combatants, other war veterans and members of their families. It is logically suggested that in such a 'conditional' legal regulation of social security, the distinction between 'basic' and 'extended' social security would be consistent with the principles of social justice. At the same time, 'basic' social security is designed for all those who have performed a relevant duty towards the state, and 'extended' social security is created for volunteers, based on the criterion of forced (mobilised) or independent, voluntary performance of military duty (volunteers). Such a state policy would not only recognise the special role of war veterans, but would also be logically justified by the fact that volunteers have greatly simplified the already complex process of mobilising those liable for military service, thus saving the state some resources.

신라 外司正에 대한 종합적 고찰

This study examines how the Silla Oesajŏng(外司正, Officials inspecting local administration) was established and operated, its duties, and its significance in Silla local governance. The Oesajŏng were local officials, dispatched two for each Ju(州, province) and one for each Gun(郡, county), and were basically in charge of the Gun-level units. They were stationed in the Ju and Gun and were under the command of the Dodok(都督, the chief of Ju) and Taesu(太守, the chief of Gun). Oesajŏng seems to have been modeled after the Lushicanjun(錄事參軍, Administrative Supervisor) and Zhubu(主簿, recorder) line of local officials in charge of inspections in the Zhou(州, county) and Xian(县, prefecture) of the Tang dynasty. Being inside the local administrative unit made it easier for them to supervise entire administration and prevent problems. Silla also set the same type of local inspection system as the basic direction and established Oesajŏng. Oesajŏng's duties were inferred from the cases of the Sajŏngbu(司正府, Department of Inspection) and the Tang dynasty. The most basic and important duties of Oesajŏng were to inspect the officials and local administrations. Supervision of the document administration process of the local administrative units would have been a common form of inspection. It is also believed that Oesajŏng handled various judicial affairs and managed a variety of tasks. Oesajŏng's main targets of inspection were the class with indigenous influence, who were in charge of administration at local government offices. Silla designed a new system called Oesajŏng to strengthen local control by reducing their autonomy and influence. Next, Gun functioned as the superior local administrative unit to Hyŏn(縣, prefecture) in administrative system in the middle period. It can be said that Oesajŏng was introduced to establish a strict command and supervision system between the Gun and Hyŏn.

QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM UPON UNIFIED LANGUAGE MODEL AND EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF DATASETS

Present days require automation and optimization in simplebut urgent tasks. It is granted to use opportunities of technologies and science inorder to work efficiently and to stay productive. In this paper, I seek tounderstand opportunities and drawbacks of the publicly available datasets, suchas SQuAD, TriviaQA, Natural Questions (NQ), QuAC, NewsQA. It is vital tochoose a suitable dataset in order to create a system with better performance.Specifically, the paper proposes an automatic question creating system that usesstate-of-the-art Natural Language Processing (NLP) - Unified Language Model(UniLM). The question generating algorithm was verified using best datasets,and it has shown noteworthy results - questions generated were logical andcorrect. This study is important for teachers, teacher assistants, to save timewriting test questions and spend it for more important duties.

Burn injury and fear of rejection: A qualitative study

IntroductionOne of the most important duties of the members of the treatment team is to pay attention to the mental, psychological, and social aspects of burn patients. One of the concerns of these patients during their stay in the hospital is the fear of rejection. The objective of this research is to examine the concept of 'fear of rejection' among patients hospitalized with burn injuries. MethodThis study was conducted between January 2023 and March 2024 in Hamadan, Iran, employing a qualitative content-analysis approach. The study enrolled sixteen patients, and data were collected through deep and semi-structured interviews. The data were then analyzed using the conventional content-analysis approach developed by Graneheim and Lundman. ResultsA group of 16 patients, comprising an equal number of men and women, were interviewed for this study. Based on the data obtained from these interviews, negative brainstorming, frustration, fear of permanent physical disabilities, occupational and financial challenges were identified as categories; visualization of a foggy future and inability in performance of roles emerged as the two themes. ConclusionBased on the results of this study, it can be said that the fear of social rejection, characterized by an inability to perform roles and the visualization of a foggy future, significantly affects the psychological and physical health of burn patients, potentially delaying their recovery. Assisting these patients in reaching their fullest potential to contribute to society post-discharge, and fostering optimism for a promising future, constitute a paramount aspect of daily care and ongoing support.

Research of Sport Service Quality on the Basis of Local Governments

According to Article 1 of the Municipal Law No. 1580 of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, municipalities are obliged to organise and meet the local, common civil needs of the town and its residents. In addition to many duties, municipalities are also given important duties in meeting the sports needs of the public. Local governments, in order to serve the society, to reach their goals and to compete, have to take into consideration the expectations of the athletes and individuals who demand sports services while meeting their needs. In addition, one of the important duties of being a social state is to plan activities that will ensure the social adaptation of children and young people in underdeveloped and rural areas, which are considered disadvantaged, within the framework of appropriate programmes. Considering this situation, it is aimed to investigate the quality of sportive services on the basis of local governments. In our research, 284 individuals who actively use the sports facilities of Siirt province local governments constitute the sample group of our research. In our research, personal information form, "Service Quality Assessment Scale" developed by Lam et al. (2005) and adapted to Turkish by Gurbuz et al. (2005) were used as data collection tools. According to the results of the analysis of our research; while there is a statistically significant difference in the expected and perceived service quality only in the perceived service quality in the facility and programme sub-dimensions in the gender variable, only in the service quality in the programme sub-dimension in the marital status variable, only in the facility sub-dimension in the monthly income status variable, in the expected and perceived service quality in the employee sub-dimension in the facility membership and gender variables (p<0.05), there is no statistically significant difference in the facility sub-factor in the occupation variable and in all of the scale sub-dimensions in the education variable (p>0.05).

Competency Model: Professional Development of Leisure Scuba Diving Instructors in China

Scuba diving specialization is a multidimensional index consisting of behavioral, cognitive, and affective domains. Based on the literature, the recreational scuba divers’ specialization was an interesting research topic to understand further the competency of leisure scuba diving instructors and prepare for their professional development. Leisure diving instructors need to carry out important duties such as teaching, underwater tour guides, safety protection, and equipment installation. The limitations of recreational scuba divers in China impact their specialization and competency as instructors. The study examined the qualities of an excellent leisure scuba diving instructor and the necessary professional enhancement they needed to become excellent leisure scuba diving instructors. Through qualitative methods, it revealed that leisure scuba diving instructors in China were 31 years old and older and possessed positive competencies in terms of their diving professional knowledge, skills, and attitude. However, they were average or unexceptional in their career opportunities, training, and mentorship and scored low in underwater photography, post-conference with students, and self-evaluations which were integrated into the professional development program as the output of the study.

Retrospective Analysis of Patients Applying to The Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic For a Health Board Report

Introduction: Disability is any physical or mental impairment that makes it difficult for a person to perform certain activities and interact with the world around them.Individuals with disabilities and their families have primarily economic, psychological, and social problems. Patients apply to the health board to have easier access to other socioeconomic rights and services such as health, education, and transportation. This study aimed to examine the purposes of application, causes of childhood disability, and age distribution of pediatric neurology patients applying to the health board; and to raise awareness about the problems and delays encountered in reporting in the light of the relevant legislation. Results: Our study included 1506 patients who applied to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic for a medical board report. The age of the patients was 8.5±4.5 years. 894(59.4%) were boys and 612(40.4%) were girls. The most common diagnoses at the outpatient clinic were retardation in cognitive development 406(27%), cerebral palsy 126(8.4%), autism 120(8%), speech delay 110(7.3%), and developmental delayn99(6.6%). In a pediatric neurology department, 487(32.3%) patients were scored in the nervous system and movement domain. 445(91.4%) patients were scored in the movement domain and 42(8.6%) patients in the nervous system domain. 237(48.7%) patients were given a "special condition requirement" score. Conclusion: Health board examinations constitute the patient groups that pediatric neurologists frequently encounter in daily practice. Approximately one-third of the patients admitted to the health board have a disability related to pediatric neurology. Therefore, all healthcare personnel, especially pediatric neurologists, have important duties.

Explaining the protective effect of spirituality on Diathesis-Stress: based on the Sound Heart Model

Introduction: Medicine maintains humans' health and restores health through science and practice. Health staffs are responsible for diagnosis, treatment of reactions to the life events in all aspects of health. Holistic treatment pays attention to physical-psychological-social and spiritual health disorders. Areas covered: Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology confirms effect of psychological conditions on the function of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Diathesis-stress model considers vulnerability and stress as the cause of disease. Expert opinion: The sound heart theory, considers the goal of spiritual interventions as maintaining and improving spiritual health. Spirituality as protective factor transforms traumatic experience of life events into spiritual experience with secure attachment to God. Based on the theory protocol, spiritual communication, spiritual knowledge enhancement, spiritual skills training and motivation are necessary to achieve spiritual health and gain the courage in facing life crisis. Feeling of refuge in God, secure attachment to God and positive image of God act as protective factors which cause a change in attitude towards stress. The implementation of spiritual health services is one of the important duties of trained therapeutic team with clinical competence and licensed. They can provide spiritual scaffolding and model-oriented education with spiritual self-care in the position of spiritual mentors.

Preparing a homily as an important element of pastoral care

The homily, which the Second Vatican Council assigned a special role among various forms of preaching the Word of God, is an important task for those, who are entrusted with pastoral care. The faithful eagerly listen to homilies, but at the same time, they often complain that their level is too low and expect homilies on the good level. Yet, the solution to the problem lies in good preparation of the homily. Also, preachers must be convinced that the time allocated for this is one of their most important pastoral duties. We have evidence of how the last popes, Benedict XVI and Francis, prepared their homilies. Working on a sermon is a creative process that goes through the following phases: research and collection of materials, incubation, illumination, and verification. The fruit of reflection and prayer is a homily characterized by Christocentrism, a positive message from which a moral call arises; it contains the teaching of the Church, actualizes the word of God, introduces the celebrated liturgy, and is single-thematic. Hence, in the pastors’ belief in the important role of the sermon and its reliable preparation, there is an opportunity to improve the quality of the homily.

UPBRINGING OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH ACCORDING TO STEFAN WYSZYŃSKI ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICATIONS IN “ŁAD BOŻY”

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The primary research aim of this study is to analyse nine articles published by Rev. Stefan Wyszyński in the weekly magazine “Ład Boży” (English: “God’s Order”), in the author’s series entitled “Ład w myślach” (English: “Order in thoughts”), immediately after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1946. Methods: The study used the analytical-synthetic method and the method of content analysis of press messages (quantitative system) and structural content analysis (qualitative system). Results: Wyszyński, well-prepared morally and intellectually, already at a young age had a deeply formed worldview on a widely interpreted Christian social doctrine. He perceived many dangers, involving also children and young people, especially in terms of the ideologies of the time. He was acutely concerned with shaping correct educational attitudes in the youngest generation. This is evidenced, among other things, by his numerous journalistic articles. Conclusion: On the pages of the weekly “Ład Boży”, in the author’s series “Ład w myślach”, Wyszyński published forty-six articles. Nine of them he devoted to the upbringing of children and young people. Emphasising, following the code legislator, that among the most important duties of parents is the careful upbringing of their offspring, he draw attention to the need for cooperation in the area of upbringing between the Church, family, nation, state, profession and school. Originality: To date, Wyszyński’s activity as Primate of Poland has been explored primarily academically. The source material of the pre-Primate period still has a high originality value, as it awaits a full critical study. Keywords: Stefan Wyszyński, upbringing, children, youth, Ład Boży, Ład w myślach

Forty-Eight Years in Ottoman Service: General Inspector of Quarantines Dr Bartoletti Efendi and His Activities [1840-1888

Foreign specialists were employed in the Ottoman Empire's health services, particularly during the 18th century onwards. The Ottomans required international cooperation to implement reforms to combat epidemics during the global epidemics of the 19th century. As a result, many foreign physicians joined the Ottoman medicine service. Therefore, numerous foreign physicians began serving with the central health organization in Istanbul and the quarantine units established in the provinces. Some physicians made significant contributions to the Ottoman sanitary administration through their positions, time in Ottoman service, and activities. Dr Bartoletti, who was born in Istanbul in 1808, was one of these specialists. After medical education in Italy, he started his Ottoman service as a quarantine doctor and became a member of the Sanitary Council. He also represented the Ottoman Empire at the international medical conferences held in Paris, Istanbul and Vienna and performed important duties in Ottoman sanitary affairs during his forty-four years of service. By examining Dr Bartoletti's activities between 1840 and 1888, this study aims to contribute to the existing literature on this field.

The UN Security Council and Its Decision-Making Mechanism

Protecting international peace and security is the primary goal of establishing the United Nations. To achieve this goal, the organization has established, since its founding, the International Security Council. The International Security Council is one of the most important main bodies of the United Nations and is primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and security. The Council also With the tasks entrusted to it under Article (24) of the Charter, after the members of the organization, pursuant to this article, entrusted the Council to carry out on behalf of the countries of the organization the task of maintaining international peace and security, which is represented by major and important duties, and because achieving this goal is entrusted to the Security Council, the Charter of Nations granted it the United Nations has many powers and powers that the General Assembly does not have. We find the basis of these powers in Chapters (6-7-8-12). The Council’s decisions also have binding force, as member states are committed to implementing its decisions, based on what is stated in Article (25) of the United Nations Charter, all of this comes in order to protect international peace and security. Article 23 of the United Nations Charter came as the basis for the establishment of this important body, after Chapter Five of the United Nations Charter regulated the work of the Security Council, including the functions and powers, formation and management of the Council’s meetings, and the work of its affiliated bodies. The composition of this Security Council has a characteristic that differs from the rest of the United Nations bodies, as the five major member states enjoy an advantage that the rest of the Council’s member states do not enjoy, and this advantage is evident in the right to permanent membership and the right to veto any decision issued by the Council. Finally, we conclude that the UN Security Council is the real institution that it dominates not only the United Nations, but the entire world. In view of the fundamental goal of the United Nations, which is to protect international peace and security.

Metaphorical perceptions of surgical nurses regarding care for earthquake victims

BackgroundThe physical, psychological, and social effects of the earthquake affect a person's functionality directly. It challenges individuals because it is often traumatizing, intense fear is experienced, and it is unpredictable, uncontrollable, and destructive. Nurses are one of the professional groups that have important duties in social disasters, and they are constantly exposed to the details of the traumatic situation, sometimes physically and sometimes by listening. To understand the severity of the trauma caused by this exposure, it is important to understand the emotions and thoughts that nurses feel while caring for earthquake victims. AimsThis study was planned to reveal the perceptions of nurses, who were themselves earthquake victims, regarding caring for earthquake victims through metaphors. MethodsThis study was conducted as a phenomenological study with a qualitative research approach, in a province affected by the earthquake, with 85 surgical clinic nurses who were also earthquake victims and cared for earthquake victims. ResultsThe metaphors produced were examined together with their reasons and grouped under 3 categories (positive, negative, both positive and negative). ConclusionsAs a result, when the metaphors used by earthquake victims are evaluated, the effects of nurses being earthquake victims themselves can be seen in the metaphors. It is revealed through metaphors that nurses' earthquake-related traumas are triggered while caring for earthquake victims.

인공지능과 인권

Human rights and artificial intelligence are two important concepts that interact with each other in today's rapidly developing digital age. How will artificial intelligence technology affect human rights that are spreading throughout people's lives? This question has become an increasing focus of attention. Artificial intelligence is the field that enables computer systems to simulate human-like thinking and decision-making capabilities. However, some of the problems that arise from artificial intelligence may have a direct impact on human rights. The interaction between human rights and artificial intelligence is a complex problem. While artificial intelligence technology has the potential to harm people and human rights, it also has great potential to be used to protect and promote human rights. Therefore, artificial intelligence technology must be developed and used while observing human rights through an approach supported by an ethical and legal framework. In this paper, after reviewing human rights issues such as artificial intelligence and freedom of expression, artificial intelligence and freedom of privacy, artificial intelligence and bias, hate, discrimination, artificial intelligence and defamation, artificial intelligence and copyright, we will discuss the issue of legal response to artificial intelligence. Regarding the relationship between the state and science and technology, the Constitution stipulates that “the state shall endeavor to develop the national economy through innovation of science and technology and the development of information and manpower (Article 127), and the rights of authors, inventors, and scientists are protected by law (Article 22).” It declares that the state will actively plan and form for the promotion of science and technology and lead in a certain direction. In relation to these constitutional provisions, the establishment and implementation of science and technology policies can be seen as an important duty given to the Republic of Korea as a democratic welfare state. It can be said that the main legislative duty is to achieve a balance between the value of promoting the development and utilization of artificial intelligence systems and the appropriate response to the risks that artificial intelligence can pose. To achieve a balance between artificial intelligence and human rights, it is necessary to comply with ethical values, use transparent and responsible systems, update legal regulations, and adopt an approach that guarantees stakeholder participation. By doing so, we will be able to build a future where human rights are protected while taking advantage of the potential benefits of artificial intelligence.

Academics’ professional identity: Conflicting personal values of academics and institutional culture

Higher education is driven by the objective of establishing an educational setting in which academics and students collaboratively construct and convey scientific knowledge and values that can be utilised in the future. Academics' professional identity focuses on their professional interests, values, and commitments to important work duties. Consequently, academics' professional identity may encounter obstacles when faced with conflicting misalignment between their values and university culture. This paper utilises a qualitative case study with an interpretive paradigm to investigate how academic identity is constructed through the conflicts that arise from the discrepancy between individual values and institutional culture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine academics purposively selected from an English-speaking university in Cameroon to gain insight into the phenomenon. The gathered data were coded and analysed thematically. The findings reveal the existence of conflict between academics' personal values and institutional culture in the study context. It was found that there is a lack of integrity and ethics within the academic environment, particularly regarding financial transactions and the exploitation of educational practices by some leaders, academic staff, and students. Additionally, issues such as insufficient remuneration, delayed payment, and fear of physical and professional reprisal within the university impact academics' professional identity and self-worth. To address these challenges, it is crucial to tackle delayed wages, foster a supportive environment, align academic values with university beliefs, and promote political neutrality in the study context.

A branch-and-price algorithm for integrating urban rail crew scheduling and rostering problems

Crew planning, involving how to best schedule crew members during a given period, is a significant problem for urban rail transit companies. This paper proposes a new integer linear programming (ILP) model that can simultaneously optimize urban rail crew scheduling and rostering problems. The proposed ILP model is a set partitioning-based model with only one type of important duty selection variable that connects the two-level problem and circumvents the drawbacks of conventional approaches that usually formulate the crew scheduling and rostering problems separately and couple these two problems through linking constraints. This study demonstrates that the structure of the underlying network used to model the problem enables the development of an effective, heuristic branch-and-price procedure. The study compares the proposed approach with two other decomposition methods, namely Lagrangian relaxation and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), on problems of different sizes and shows that the method provides lower bounds that are on average 16.4% better than Lagrangian relaxation and 5.03% better than ADMM, respectively. Furthermore, the study shows that, with an average optimality gap of 3.28%, the proposed approach obtains high-quality integer solutions to the integrated problem.

منہج دعوت کے جدید تقاضے

Da'wat is one of the most important duties of religion. It is the way of the Prophets to preach the religion and to teach the rules of the Shari’ah. The superiority of the Muslim Ummah over other Ummahs is due to this duty of Da'wat. Therefore, it is necessary for every Muslim to convey as much knowledge of Sharia, as much as he knows about Shari’ah. In the light of the strategy of Da'wat and Tabligh of the Holy Prophet Muhammad(PBUH), we need to seriously reconsider our situation and adopt the modern requirements for Da'wat. Scholars, nobles and preachers have a further responsibility to consider the duty of Da’wat as a religious and Shari’ah responsibility and to perform the work of Da’wat in a better way, to take into account the modern requirements that are helpful and supportive in Da’wat.As Muslims, it is our duty to be the cause of salvation for humanity and adopt the modern requirements to bring it to the valleys of civility and decency. It is very important to follow the modern requirements of our times for the propagation of religion, in which there is no Shari’ah or moral wrongdoing. The modern requirements of our time in teaching and preaching have become very necessary because with their help the work of years can be done in months and the work of months in days with a much higher quality than ever before. Therefore, it is a requirement of Da'wat in modern era that to make Da'wat efficient and fast, the work of Da'wat should be done keeping in mind the modern requirements of this era. This article discusses the modern requirements of Da’wat methods.