Important Data Research Articles

Developing an Android-Based Application Documentation System of Postpartum Care for Indonesian Midwifery Students

Midwifery students still take notes the old-fashioned way, on paper, which has become very inconvenient. Students struggle to create accurate and complete care documentation due to the risk of losing important data, transferring data, and scribbling. Mobile Case Midwifery Notes (CMNotes) is an Android-based documentation system designed to develop learning methods and interactive consultations between students and lecturers. CMNotes facilitates digital and comprehensive recording of patient data starting from assessment, diagnosis, and plan of care to implementation and evaluation by applying Varney’s management principles and Subjective Objective Analysis Planning (SOAP) documentation. This study is research and development (R&D) to produce a documentation system for midwifery care emphasising postpartum and breastfeeding care. The researchers recruited 185 midwifery students from Aceh Health Polytechnics to be involved in a needs analysis. Out of the total number of students, 39 students took part in the implementation stage where their experience using the application was assessed. The needs analysis revealed that postpartum care and breastfeeding are important subjects, and their documentation is the most important aspect. The implementation results show that the CMNotes provide convenience and satisfaction for students when documenting childbirth and postpartum care. Since CMNotes could provide the reference range of data, the system allows students to identify and focus on the issue experienced by the patients. Due to user feedback on the system’s usability, it is necessary to create an Android-based CMNotes application to fill in patient data more easily and effectively without the need for internet access.

Safety and Quality Within the Healthcare Supply Chain: A Great Unknown.

Quality and safety in healthcare have emerged as key factors impacting on both clinical effectiveness and clinical outcomes. While improving the healthcare supply chain has been extensively researched, the impact of the healthcare supply chain on clinical safety has received little attention in the literature, largely due to the complexity of such studies and the involvement of multiple stakeholders. This research proposes an evaluation model using key performance measurements for an electronic procurement system that enables digital transformation of the healthcare supply chain. The model will be tested before and after the introduction of an electronic procurement system in the healthcare supply chain for small and medium sized healthcare providers to provide evidence of both the usefulness of the model itself within industry and to further contribute to the knowledge base. Future use of the model may provide benchmarking and important data and insights to enable enhanced clinical safety in the healthcare supply chain.

Flavone Hybrids and Derivatives as Bioactive Agents

Hybrid molecules can be defined as chemical entities with two or more structural domains, namely pharmacophores, having a specific biological effect. In many cases, when at least one of the components is biologically inactive, it is rather correct to call them “derivatives”, despite the fact that in the literature they are often mentioned also as hybrids. We have summarized such types of molecules, in which one of the components is mostly a real pharmacophore, i.e., flavone, which is one of the best-known natural bioactive substances. Structures, synthetic methods, medicinal indications, and more important activity data are presented.

Fuzzy Evolutionary Algorithm in Construction Project for Valuation

Clustering algorithms has emerged as an important data mining technique for pattern recognition, data analysis and dimensionality reduction. Clustering is usually used in all fields to merge the same feature objects into a single group. The clustering method is incorporated with search algorithms to search the dataset from the databases. For large databases, there is a need of good clustering algorithm with high accuracy. Despite its high performance, the existing methods show some limitations. This paper focused on optimize the clustering method with a search structure for large multidimensional databases with dynamic indexes for the effective validation of construction projects. In the construction project validation to improve the clustering methods using Evolutionary Constrained Differential Optimization (ECDO) and Distributed Weighted Fuzzy C-Means algorithm to improve clustering performance than the centralized clustering approaches. The proposed methodology includes ECDO which presents new cluster tree indexing approach with cluster speed improvement in the validation of the construction projects. Distributed Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means algorithm is proposed in improvement of cluster centre to overcome coincidence cluster problems. The comparative analysis stated that proposed ECDO model exhibits ~6% reduced memory utilization ~11% reduced scalability and ~8% minimized selectivity than the conventional WPCM model.

Extracting Symptoms of Agitation in Dementia from Free-Text Nursing Notes Using Advanced Natural Language Processing.

Nursing staff record observations about older people under their care in free-text nursing notes. These notes contain older people's care needs, disease symptoms, frequency of symptom occurrence, nursing actions, etc. Therefore, it is vital to develop a technique to uncover important data from these notes. This study developed and evaluated a deep learning and transfer learning-based named entity recognition (NER) model for extracting symptoms of agitation in dementia from the nursing notes. We employed a Clinical BioBERT model for word embedding. Then we applied bidirectional long-short-term memory (BiLSTM) and conditional random field (CRF) models for NER on nursing notes from Australian residential aged care facilities. The proposed NER model achieves satisfactory performance in extracting symptoms of agitation in dementia with a 75% F1 score and 78% accuracy. We will further develop machine learning models to recommend the optimal nursing actions to manage agitation.

Skin Protection by Carotenoid Pigments.

Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Natural substances of plant origin, i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects of radiation, acting not only as photoprotectors like natural filters but as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory remedies, alleviating the effects of photodamage to the skin. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative to synthetic filters. Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published to assess the photoprotective effects of natural plant products, primarily through their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-immunosuppressive activities. This review selects the most important data on skin photodamage and photoprotective efficacy of selected plant carotenoid representatives from in vivo studies on animal models and humans, as well as in vitro experiments performed on fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Recent research on carotenoids associated with lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and micelles is reviewed. The focus was on collecting those nanomaterials that serve to improve the bioavailability and stability of carotenoids as natural antioxidants with photoprotective activity.

Evolution of the Júcar-Cabriel fluvial system on the Mediterranean watershed of the Iberian Peninsula (Valencia, eastern Spain)

This study presents the characterization and chronology of the Quaternary terrace sequence developed in the confluence zone of the Júcar and Cabriel river valleys. The study area covers a radius of 10 km from the confluence of the two valleys near the locality of Cofrentes (Valencia). It is located in the northern zone of the Ayora-Cofrentes Graben in the northeastern sector of the External Prebetic Zone adjacent to southern Iberian Chain. This N-S graben is an inherited tectonic feature with an axial salt wall subject to different periods of fluvial dissection and refilling since at least the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). Regional isostatic uplift and local uplift and subsidence processes related to salt flow and dissolution during the Quaternary period, favored by fluvial entrenchment and terrace development. The terrace system and the previous pre-incision erosional and depositional surfaces are analyzed from a geomorphological point of view. The terrace system only develops within the soft Mio-Pliocene sedimentary fill of the graben, whilst upstream and downstream this zone the studied valleys develop important gorges (canyons) carved in the Cretaceous tablelands (Caroch Massif) and Mio-Pliocene deposits (Llanura Manchega). The geochronological control is established from 20 numerical ages obtained by different dating methods, such us Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) in detrital sequences and Th/U series in calcareous tufa deposits. Additionally, four K/Ar dates available for volcanic materials disrupting the upper and oldest terrace have been considered. A total of 14 terrace levels were identified between +130–135 m (T1) and +3–4 m (T14) of relative height above the river thalwegs. The T1 has an approximate age of c. 1.6–2.0 M.a. as indicate the age of the volcanic materials from the Agras Volcano intruded in the terrace, marking the onset of Quaternary fluvial dissection in the zone. The obtained geochronological data indicate that the Lower-Middle Pleistocene boundary is slightly above T6 (+60–65 m), which has an ESR age of 577 ± 43 ka. This terrace also documents the onset of the most important period of rise of the salt within the graben interfering drainage development. The geochronological data indicate the occurrence of a second eruptive event during the second half of the Middle Pleistocene related to the terraces T7 (+50 m) and T8 (+35–40 m), updating the volcanic activity in the zone. The beginning of the Upper Pleistocene is recorded by the top sequences of the T9 terrace (+25–30 m) where numerous OSL and Th/U data have been obtained with ages between ca. 105 and 81 ka (MIS 5). However, these young terraces (T8 to T13) are thickened (8–10 m) recording Middle Pleistocene sediments in their basal sequences with ages between ca. 193 and 137 ka (MIS 6). The study provides important data on valley evolution under the interference of volcanic activity, salt –related deformation (diapirism, solution subsidence) and fluvial incision fostered by the rise of the axial diapir (salt wall) protruding the graben since at least the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary. The analyzed fluvial evolution documents interesting cases of river capture, drainage antecedence and tectonic adaptation of the drainage throughout the Quaternary Period. The paper also poses interesting geochronological data on the long-term Quaternary evolution of Mediterranean valleys in the Iberian Peninsula, poorly explored to the date.

The Difficulties and Risks for Chinese Companies Using the Vie Structure to List on the U.S. Stock Market

When a company reaches a certain scale, it will seek broader markets to earn profits and pursue long-term development. Overseas listing is one of the avenues pursued by these companies. Through overseas listing, the company can issue an initial offering on the overseas stock market to achieve its purpose. In China, some companies, mainly Internet giants such as Alibaba, JD.com, and New Oriental, are prohibited from directly listing overseas because these companies hold important user data and national data. So, in this environment, these restricted companies discovered a structure called a variable interest entity (VIE) and used it to go public overseas. But leveraging this architecture doesn't mean it's easy and risk-free. My paper will focus on the difficulties and risks encountered by Chinese companies using VIE structures to list overseas, especially now that Sino-US relations have become special and will look into the future paths and prospects of Chinese companies listing overseas.

Динамика показателей макроэкономического окружения крупных проектов (по материалам США, Европейского союза, Китая и России)

This article provides an overview of the macroeconomic situation in a number of countries: United States of America, European Union, China and Russia in the 3rd quarter of 2023. Currently important statistical data is used for the analysis, and the mainstream literature is reviewed. The authors mark the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators and describe the causes and possible consequences of the changes. The core indicators considered include GDP level, unemployment rate, inflation rate, key rate, consumer spending, government spending and others. The budget of each country is analyzed. For some indicators, the authors make forecasts of changes in indicators for future periods, taking into account various conjunctural factors. The article was written within the framework of the Crisis Management Center of the School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Crustal structure of the southern Lower Yangtze region and its geological implications: a deep reflection seismic profile

Abstract The southern part of the Lower Yangtze Region, located in the area bounded by the Jiangnan and Dabie orogenic belts, is characterized by a complex fault structure and unique magmatism, and is one of the key areas in regional tectonic evolution and magmatism. In this study the authors used a 45-km-long deep reflection seismic profile to study the crustal structure of the southern Lower Yangtze Region. The results show that the crust in the study area is ∼31.5–33.6 km thick, with the Huaining Basin as the thinnest part. A detachment surface at a depth of around 12 km divides the crust into the upper and lower crust, act as a key tectonic decoupling layer. Two sets of thrust nappe faults with opposite tendencies have horizontally developed above the detachment surface, with the Huaining Basin as the centre. A typical wedge-shaped structure has developed below the Qianshan Basin, suggesting that two sets of thrust nappe faults may have formed in the same dynamic system. The reflection patterns of the lower crust on both sides of the profile exhibit a monoclinic feature with opposite tendencies, while the lower part of the Huaining Basin exhibits an arcuate upward-arch feature. A prominent ductile shear zone in the lower crust has developed on the west side of the Huaining Basin, which can provide a favourable channel for magma migration. The results of this study deepen our understanding of the deep structure of the Lower Yangtze Region, and provide important constraint data for research on dynamic mechanisms.

The effect of hierarchical pore structure SAPO-34 catalyst on the diffusion and reaction behavior in MTO reaction

Establishing the hierarchical pore structure is considered as a feasible approach for enhancing diffusion and improve catalytic efficiency of SAPO-34 zeolite in the methanol-to-olefin process. Nevertheless, under reaction conditions, the correlation among the diffusion behavior in the crystal, coke deposition behavior and catalytic performance of SAPO-34 catalysts with varying pore structures remains to be clarified. Herein, we revealed the structure–activity relationship between the hierarchical pore structure, the catalytic performance and the anti-coke deposition performance of the catalyst in the MTO reaction via the synergy of reaction–diffusion experiments and molecular simulation, then the mechanism of the hierarchical pore SAPO-34 catalyst to eliminate the diffusion limit and improve the accessibility of acid sites was clarified. The results demonstrated that the establishment of a hierarchical pore structure strengthened the diffusion of reactant methanol in the pores, leading to the diffusion resistance being reduced by 5 times and the diffusion coefficient being improved by two orders of magnitude. The key reaction rate-determining step shifted from micropores diffusion to the adsorption of acid sites in hierarchical pores, and the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst was increased by 3 times. Furthermore, with the establishing hierarchical pore technique, the expansion of the accommodation space for coke deposition led to a reduction in the blocking of pores due to coke deposition, particularly around the orifices. Moreover, the accessibility of the reactant molecules to the acid sites within the pores was enhanced, resulting in a balanced ratio between pore blockage and acid site coverage, thereby improving the anti-coke deposition performance of the SAPO-34 catalyst. This work can provide important foundational data and theoretical guidance for the study of reaction–diffusion synergistic interaction in zeolite catalysis reactions.

The Role of Optic Nerve Diffusion Restriction on Visual Prognosis in Methanol Poisoning

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the role of optic nerve diffusion status on cranio-orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting visual prognosis in cases of methanol intoxication. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) from 16 eyes of eight patients who were admitted to our clinic due to methanol intoxication was analysed retrospectively. The relationship between clinical and laboratory findings, treatment regimen, visual prognosis, and imaging findings was investigated. Diffusion restriction (DR) of the optic nerve on DWI was observed in seven (43%) eyes. Regardless of the clinical and laboratory characteristics and treatment regimen, visual acuity (VA) improved in eyes in which restricted diffusion regressed over the follow-up period. DWI of the optic nerve during the acute phase of methanol poisoning may provide prognostically important data. Improvement of DR during follow-up may be an indicator of an increase in VA.

CFD analysis of air flows and temperatures based on radiant heating in industrial environments

Objective. The study aims to investigate the complex interaction between radiant heating and airflow in industrial environments.The aim is to understand the dynamics of temperature, with particular attention to optimizing energy efficiency and comfort in industrial premises heated by a dual-zone dark gas radiant heater. Method. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Ansis simulation software, the study developed a model that represents typical industrial conditions. This method included the determination and verification of temperature gradients and air velocity parameters, as well as careful mapping of the complexities of the industrial heating process. Result. The analysis provides detailed graphical representations of temperature and air velocity at individual points, revealing the effect of radiant heating on airflow patterns. Particular attention has been paid to how the temperature profiles interact with a dual-zone heating system, revealing important data that helps understand thermal dynamics in industrial environments. Conclusion. The findings demonstrate the potential for significant progress in energy savings and improved worker comfort in industrial environments using radiant heating. The integrated research approach fills a critical gap in existing research, highlighting the need and potential for further exploration of sustainable heating technologies in challenging industrial environments.

Solid-liquid equilibrium solubility, modeling, Hansen solubility parameter and thermodynamic analysis of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole in eleven mono-solvents and three binary solvents at different temperatures

The solubility of drugs is an important physicochemical data for its development and design. In this work, the solubility of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) in eleven mono-solvent solvents (2-propoxyethanol, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-butanol, ethyl formate, 2-ethoxyethanol, isobutanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-butoxyethanol and ethylene glycol) and three binary solvents (2-methoxyethanol + ethyl formate, 2-methoxyethanol + isopropyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol+ ethyl formate) was measured by a gravimetric analysis method at the temperatures from 283.15 to 323.15 K. The solubility of 2-MBI in the studied solvents increased with the increasing temperature. The measured solubility data of 2-MBI was described mathematically and back-calculated by CNIBS/R-K model, Margules model, UNIQUAC model, Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff model and NRTL model. Hansen solubility parameters was calculated to assess the qualitative trend of 2-MBI in all selected mono and binary mixed solvents, analysis results indicating that the solubilization behavior of 2-MBI was intricate and can not only be assessed by one factor. In this study, the apparent thermodynamic parameters including ∆solHo, ∆solSo, ∆solGo, ξH and ξTS were investigated, positive values of ∆solHo indicating that the corresponding dissolution process of 2-MBI in all selected solvents was endothermic. In conclusion, these experimental and thermodynamic analysis can enrich the database and give support for design and optimize the crystallization process of 2-MBI.

Prediction of elevation points using three different heuristic regression techniques

The aim of this study is to estimate the digital elevation model, which is the most important data of the projects and needed in the engineering project, using latitude and longitude information of the elevation points and three different heuristic regression techniques. As the study area, an area with mid-level elevations, located in the Marmara region, and covering a part of the intersection of Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces was chosen. In the study, the estimations were investigated for three different sized areas, and these areas are square areas with the dimensions of 1x1 km, 10x10 km and 100x100 km, respectively. A total of 3500 elevation points were used in the study, and this number is constant in all areas, and 60% of these points were used in the testing phase and 40% in the training phase. The models used in the study are M5 model tree (M5-tree), multivariate adaptive regression curves (MARS) and Least Square Support Vector Regression (LSSVR). The results of the models were evaluated according to three different comparison criteria. These, coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used. When the modeling results are examined; M5-Tree regression method gave the best results (1), LSSVR method was better than MARS methods (2), The most successful input data was found in datasets using X and Y coordinates information, and the worst results were found in datasets using X coordinates (3). As the study area increased, the model performance did not improve (4). The least error was obtained in the modeling of 1x1 km area, and the highest R² was obtained from the modeling of 10x10 km area (5). It was concluded that the M5-tree method is a very successful method in elevation modeling.

Exploiting radar polarimetry for nowcasting thunderstorm hazards using deep learning

Abstract. This work presents the importance of polarimetric variables as an additional data source for nowcasting thunderstorm hazards using an existing neural network architecture with recurrent-convolutional layers. The model can be trained to predict different target variables, which enables nowcasting of hail, lightning, and heavy rainfall for lead times up to 60 min with a 5 min resolution, in particular. The exceedance probabilities of Swiss thunderstorm warning thresholds are predicted. This study is based on observations from the Swiss operational radar network, which consists of five operational polarimetric C-band radars. The study area of the Alpine region is topographically complex and has a comparatively very high thunderstorm activity. Different model runs using combinations of single- and dual-polarimetric radar observations and radar quality indices are compared to the reference run using only single-polarimetric observations. Two case studies illustrate the performance difference when using all predictors compared to the reference model. The importance of the predictors is quantified by investigating the final training loss of the model, with skill scores such as critical success index (CSI), precision, recall, precision–recall area under the curve, and the Shapley value. Results indicate that single-polarization radar data are the most important data source. Adding polarimetric observations improves the model performance compared to reference model in term of the training loss for all three target variables. Adding quality indices does so, too. Including both polarimetric variables and quality indices at the same time improves the accuracy of nowcasting heavy precipitation and lightning, with the largest improvement found for heavy precipitation. No improvement could be achieved for nowcasting of the probability of hail in this way.

An experimental, theoretical, and kinetic modeling study of post-flame oxidation of ammonia

The post-flame oxidation rate of ammonia was investigated in a novel atmospheric pressure flow reactor at temperatures of 1280 ± 16 K and as a function of residence time and mixture composition (1-10% O2, dry and moist). The experimental results, as well as selected data from literature, were analyzed using an updated detailed chemical kinetic model. The medium temperature, very lean conditions enhance the importance of reactions of the nitroxyl (HNO) intermediate. High-level theory was used to calculate the rate constant for HNO + NH2, indicating that this step is significantly faster than values used in literature. Furthermore, a trajectory based approach was used to determine collision efficiencies for selected bath gases for HNO + M. The experimental results show that the NH3 oxidation rate increases with temperature and O2 concentration, while the presence of water vapor slightly inhibits reaction. Formation of NO and N2O was strongly promoted at higher levels of O2. Modeling results agreed well with the measurements, except at the lowest level of O2. The predicted oxidation rate of NH3 was shown to result from a delicate balance between chain branching and terminating steps involving NH2, H2NO, and HNO. Recent theoretical work on reactions of these species by Klippenstein and coworkers and Stagni et al. was instrumental in improving modeling predictions. After initiation, NO reached a pseudo-steady-state level, where the pathways to NO were largely balanced by the NH2 + NO reaction. Nitric oxide was partly oxidized to NO2, with the NH2 + NO2 reaction responsible for most of the N2O formation. Novelty and significance statement:This study provides the first detailed kinetic analysis of the lean post-flame oxidation of ammonia, based on time-resolved flow reactor data in a novel reactor. In addition to the post-flame oxidation rate of ammonia, data for formation of NO and N2O were compared with modeling predictions. The medium temperature, very lean conditions enhance the importance of reactions of the HNO and H2NO intermediates. Inclusion in the model of results from recent high-level theoretical work, including present calculations for HNO + NH2 and HNO + M, was crucial for capturing the observed behavior. It is argued that the post-initiation steady-state NH3 oxidation rates constitute important data for model validation, along with ignition delays and laminar flame speeds.

Surface deformations of the 6 February 2023 earthquake sequence, eastern Türkiye.

Two powerful earthquakes struck Türkiye on 6 February 2023. The initial rupture was on the Dead Sea fault zone, yet maximum displacements and energy release [moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8] occurred 24 seconds later when rupture transferred to the East Anatolian fault zone (EAFZ). More than 7 hours later, a Mw 4.5 aftershock at the junction of the EAFZ with the east-west striking Çardak-Sürgü fault was followed 86 minutes later by the second large (Mw 7.5) earthquake, suggesting a causal relationship. We provide quantitative ground and aerial documentation of surface offsets and kinematics from the slipped faults, providing important data on surface deformation during large continental strike-slip earthquakes, rupture propagation mechanisms, and how slip may be transferred between complex fault systems. We also provide insight into how slip along linked fault systems accommodates global plate motions.

Abstract C025: Fibroblast-specific IL1R1-p38 MAPK signaling sustains stromal inflammation and contributes to therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Introduction: The desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) perpetuates therapeutic resistance by impairing drug delivery and effector immune cell infiltration and activation. We have identified tumor cell-derived interleukin-1α (IL1α) as a critical activator of the stroma, comprised of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype via the IL1 receptor, IL1R1, and subsequent activation of p38 MAPK. Our hypothesis is that disruption of the CAF-specific IL1α/p38 MAPK signaling axis can improve chemotherapeutic resistance by remodeling the fibrotic stromal landscape and the overall immune microenvironment in PDAC. Methods: p38 MAPK was pharmacologically inhibited with pexmetinib and genetically with an shRNA lentiviral system. Bulk RNA and ATAC sequencing (RNAseq and ATACseq) were performed on human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSC). Gene set enrichment analyses and motif enrichment analyses were performed on the RNAseq and ATACseq datasets, respectively. Tumor cells (KPC-6694), derived from LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Tp53R172H/+; Pdx1Cre/+ (KPC) murine tumors, were injected orthotopically into Col1a2Cre/+; Mapk14f/f and Col1a2Cre/+; Il1r1f/f mice, and tumors were harvested for downstream analysis. Ptf1aCre/+; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Tgfbr2flox/flox (PKT) mice were treated with pexmetinib (PEX, 30mg/kg, daily PO), anakinra (AKA, 50mg/kg IP, BID) or vehicle control for 2.5 weeks prior to sacrifice for downstream analyses and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA) on tumors. Results: In vitro inhibition of p38 MAPK prevented CAF activation into an inflammatory fibroblast, when stimulated with IL1α, demonstrated through bulk RNAseq and ATACseq. Bulk ATACseq revealed epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory CAF phenotype by IL1-mediated activation of p38 MAPK. Stromal-specific deletion of Il1r1 or Mapk14 resulted in signification reduction of tumor weight and intratumoral myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Additionally, pharmacologic blockade of both IL1R1 (AKA) and p38 MAPK inhibition (PEX) altered intratumoral immune cell and CAF populations, by flow cytometry and scRNA. Lastly, p38 inhibition or IL1R1 blockade combined with chemotherapy significantly reduced tumor burden and favorably altered the immune landscape in a PDAC genetically engineered mouse model. Conclusions: These findings provide important mechanistic data in preclinical PDAC models to explore p38 MAPK inhibition in combination therapy to target the fibrotic stroma and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Samara P. Singh, Austin R. Dosch, Siddharth Mehra, Iago de Castro Silva, Vanessa Tonin Garrido, Anna Bianchi, Haleh Amirian, Edmond W. Box, Jashodeep Datta, Nagaraj S. Nagathihalli, Nipun B. Merchant. Fibroblast-specific IL1R1-p38 MAPK signaling sustains stromal inflammation and contributes to therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C025.

Fatigue life analysis based on the groove angle reduction in the butt welding of excavator booms

This study analyzes the effect of changes in groove angle on the fatigue strength of the V-groove butt weld joint made of SM490A steel used in excavators. Butt-type specimens with different groove angles of 40° and 30° were manufactured by CO2 welding at a speed of 300 mm/min on a 13.5 mm thick steel plate. Four-point bending fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature with a frequency of 5 Hz and stress ratio of R = 0.1, and fatigue limits were set to 2 × 106 cycles. The high-cycle fatigue life of VG40 was approximately 7% higher than that of VG30. The stress concentration coefficient calculated using the effective notch stress method was 1.62 for the VG40, and 1.78 for the VG30, with an approximate difference of 9%. This decrease in fatigue life was caused by stress concentration due to the notch effect at the weld root, which was attributed to the adjacent backplate. Although the fatigue life decreased slightly owing to the improvement angle of the welded part, no difference was observed in microstructure and hardness. Therefore, it was confirmed that a sound weld was formed. The results of this study can be used as important basic data for determining the V-groove angle.