Importance Of Process Parameters Research Articles

The single-step operation for enzyme-modified cheese production: Influence and importance of process parameters

The single-step operation for enzyme-modified cheese production: Influence and importance of process parameters

Progress in the Study of Quality and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melting Molded Parts

Abstract: Selective laser melting (SLM) is considered to be a widely promising additive manufacturing technology with the advantages of high machining precision, high manufacturing freedom, and short cycle time, which is widely used in aerospace, the integration of medicine, and industry, chemical, and other fields. The research progress on the temperature field, stress field, forming quality, and mechanical properties during the SLM manufacturing process is reviewed. The study aims to systematically analyze how SLM process parameters affect the temperature field, stress field, forming quality, and mechanical properties, and to discuss the importance of the selection of process parameters and performance regulation to achieve high-quality, highperformance metal parts. The effects of SLM process parameters on temperature field, stress field, surface roughness, densification, hardness, strength, and fatigue properties are analyzed and summarized. The importance of process parameters in the SLM forming procedure in the quality of formed components is emphasized, and conducting an in-depth study on the optimization and performance regulation of the process parameters is of great significance in achieving the high quality and performance of metal parts. With the rapid advancement of technology, the potential of SLM technology in terms of molding quality and mechanical performance has become increasingly significant, heralding significant breakthroughs. These potential breakthroughs will greatly promote the widespread application of SLM technology in various industries, thus more efficiently meeting the growing needs and expectations of industries such as petrochemicals, transportation, aerospace, nuclear energy, as well as food and medical sectors.

Continuous Anode Slurry Production in Twin-Screw Extruders: Effects of the Process Setup on the Dispersion

Screw design in the extrusion process has an important effect on the distribution of material through the extruder, resulting in partially filled sections in the processing zone. Accordingly, the local accumulation of material in the extruder leads to variations in material strain conditions and also influences the local residence time of the material in a given screw section. This work evaluates particle dispersion in anode slurry considering three different screw arrangements. The particle size distribution is considered as a quality parameter representing the microstructure of the battery slurry components and their distribution. Numerical simulation of the material flow behavior through a laboratory extruder was performed to investigate the filling ratios and resulting shear rates for different screw designs and process conditions. The importance of process parameters and a suitable screw configuration to achieve specific particle sizes in battery slurry is discussed.

Influence of fused deposition modelling printing parameters on tablet disintegration times: a design of experiments study.

Despite the importance of process parameters in the printing of solid dosage forms using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology, the field is still poorly explored. A design of experiment study was conducted to understand the complete set of process parameters of a custom developed FDM 3D printer and their influence on tablet disintegration time. Nine settings in the Simplify 3D printing process design software were evaluated with further experimental investigation conducted on the influence of infill percentage, infill pattern, nozzle diameter, and layer height. The percentage of infill was identified as the most impactful parameter, as increasing it parabolically affected the increase of disintegration time. Furthermore, a larger nozzle diameter prolonged tablet disintegration, since thicker extruded strands are generated through wider nozzles during the printing process. Three infill patterns were selected for in-depth analysis, demonstrating the clear importance of the geometry of the internal structure to resist mechanical stress during the disintegration test. Lastly, layer height did not influence the disintegration time. A statistical model with accurate fit (R 2 = 0.928) and predictability (Q 2 = 0.847) was created. In addition, only the infill pattern and layer height influenced both the uniformity of mass and uniformity of the disintegration time, which demonstrates the robustness of the printing process.

A review on characteristics of cold sprayed coatings

ABSTRACT The characteristics of cold sprayed coatings are explored. The performance of cold spray-coated specimens in the view of microstructure, mechanical and corrosion studies are reviewed. The fundamental knowledge is provided on execution of various characterisation tests. The presence of defects in the cold sprayed coatings is examined and the impact of these defects on the performance of coatings in numerous situations is critically analysed. The methods to improve the performance of cold sprayed coatings are identified. The importance of process parameters, particle size, melting point and hardness is conferred.

Effectiveness of Feeding System for Enhanced Product Quality in Sand Casting Industries

This review article deals with the importance of process parameters and the recent developments in modern tool technology in the success of smart productivity for casting process of all types. Various influencing factors such as design, location and the number of gating on feeding mechanism were discussed vis-a-vis casting defects. The review revealed reduction in the defects such as air bubbles, blow holes, shrinkage defects and mechanical properties of the casting parts through selection of an optimum feeding design. Variations in fillet radius and thickness on the feeding system were found to be the factors affecting the location of the hot spot. Accordingly, the mobility of the hot spot was controlled by geometrical modifications in the feeding system. In addition, the formation of pinholes and solidification defects could be reduced through a proper arrangement of the feeding system. The rapid growth in implementing simulation techniques in the casting process can assist the enhancement of yield with minimum production cost. This article provides a data base relating to the merits and demerits of various factors and material systems with their industrial applications for enabling further research in the casting process

Fabrication, characterization of poly(MA-co-NIPA)-graphene composites and optimization the dielectric properties using the response surface method (RSM)

Poly(Maleic anhydride-N-isopropyl acrylamide poly(MA-co-NIPA) copolymer was synthesized by Free radical polymerization method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing the dielectric constant (έ) and dielectric loss factor (ε՛՛). The aim of this study is to determine the quantitative relationship between selected parameters (frequency, applied voltage and graphene content) at room temperature. The importance of process parameters in the model is assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) investigation. Our results show that, with increasing the frequency the έ and ε՛՛ of the polymers decreases, whereas voltage has no significant effect on έ and ε՛՛ of the composites. With the incorporation of graphene into poly(MA-co-NIPA) the έ and ε՛՛ considerably increased by 244% and 387% respectively. The model predicted the maximum value of the έ (13) when the frequency was set at 4506, the voltage was set at 1.45, and the graphene content was set at 14.97 wt%. Also, the RSM indicated that maximum ε՛՛ (1969) was achieved at the frequency of 512, at the voltage of 20.44, and at the graphene content of 14.76 wt%. The morphology of composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM results demonstrated that the poly(MA-co-NIPA)-graphene composites has interconnected and they form different morphologies with the increase of GNs content. ATR tests showed that no significant change in chemical bond and crystallization is found in composites.

Advances in Selective Laser Melting of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy Part Production.

Nitinol (nickel-titanium or Ni-Ti) is the most utilized shape memory alloy due to its good superelasticity, shape memory effect, low stiffness, damping, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. Various material characteristics, such as sensitivity to composition and production thermal gradients, make conventional methods ineffective for the manufacture of high quality complex Nitinol components. These issues can be resolved by modern additive manufacturing (AM) methods which can produce net or near-net shape parts with highly precise and complex Nitinol structures. Compared to Laser Engineered Net Shape (LENS), Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has the benefit of more easily creating a high quality local inert atmosphere which protects chemically-reactive Nitinol powders to a higher degree. In this paper, the most recent publications related to the SLM processing of Nitinol are reviewed to identify the various influential factors involved and process-related issues. It is reported how powder quality and material composition have a significant effect on the produced microstructures and phase transformations. The effect of heat treatments after SLM fabrication on the functional and mechanical properties are noted. Optimization of several operating parameters were found to be critical in fabricating Nitinol parts of high density. The importance of processing parameters and related thermal cooling gradient which are crucial for obtaining the correct phase structure for shape memory capabilities are also presented. The paper concludes by presenting the significant findings and areas of prospective future research in relation to the SLM processing of Nitinol.

Process development to synthesize plasma sprayable powders from nano alumina ceramic powders

Abstract Nano sized (≤100 nm) alumina powders were converted into micron sized (30–75 µm) plasma sprayable powders by employing synthetic polymers to agglomerate them. The agglomeration process was carried out (a) in a spray dryer and (b) through systematic manual granulation procedure. The importance of process parameters that govern the plasma spray powder synthesis and thereby the characteristics were being suitable for being plasma spray coated have been brought out in this research paper. A comparative study has been made between the two synthesis methods by testing the powders synthesized under different processing conditions for their flowability characteristics. Micro-structural features related with the shape morphology and powder grain sizes were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope and the elemental composition characterization was carried out by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. The most suitable plasma sprayable powders were further coated onto metal substrates by using an Atmospheric Plasma Spray coating unit. The plasma sprayable powders were developed with a goal to explore their potential for their applications as wear resistant nano coatings.

Relationships between warp-knitted run-in value and process parameters

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between warp-knitted run-in values and process parameters such as yarn fineness, overlapping, underlapping, take-up density, total threading rate, and machine gauge. Run-in values of 52 samples with different process parameters were measured and analyzed in the method of response surface methodology (RSM) and multilayer perception (MLP). The results of RSM analysis show a significant influence of process parameters on warp-knitted run-in. Moreover, a predictive model is proposed base on the RSM, whose average error rate is confirmed to be 5.29%. In addition, the MLP analysis shows the sequence of influencing importance of process parameters form the high to low is underlapping (51.0%), overlapping (28.5%), take-up density (9.6%), machine gauge (4.7%), yarn fineness (4.0%), and total threading rate (2.2%).

OPTIMIZATION OF INFLUENTIAL PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE DEEP DRAWING OF ALUMINIUM 6061 SHEET USING TAGUCHI AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The plastic deformation behavior of axis symmetric aluminium 6061 cups was determined by analyzing the four important deep drawing process parameters, namely blank temperature, die edge radius, blank holder force and friction coefficient. Taguchi techniques along with finite element method (FEM) were used to determine the importance of process parameters. The Taguchi method was used to analyze the influence of each process parameter. From the deformation result and analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was determined that the temperature of the blank has a major influence on the deformation characteristic of aluminium 6061 sheets followed by die edge radius, coefficient of friction, and blank holder force. The optimum levels of the four factors in determining the deformed cup heights are found to be blank temperature of 450°C, die edge radius of 14 mm, coefficient of friction of 0.60 and blank holder force of 9 KN.

Investigation of Hot-Staking Process Parameters and Evolution of Improvement in Joint Strength

The capability of hot-staking in providing mechanical as well as electrical joints along with its versatility and cost effectiveness makes it a process of preference in electrical and electronics appliances. However, the effectiveness of the process depends only on the mechanical contact and there is no welding or fusion between the joining surfaces. This necessitates proper selection and control of process parameters. This study investigates using Taguchi experiments the importance of process parameters for hot-staked joints in armatures of DC motors. Results show that the electrode material, geometry, and its position are significantly important. Based on the findings, a hypothesis is reasoned about process-product relationship to enable evolving in joint strength.

Ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion by using ceramic membrane: Taguchi experimental design approach

Abstract In this study, a Taguchi experimental design methodology was used to determine the importance of process parameters influencing the ultrafiltration (UF) of oil-in-water emulsions. Four parameters including pH (5–11), oil concentration (φ) (0.5–3% (v/v)), temperature (T) (25–45°C) and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) (1–5 bar) were studied at three levels. The highest flux was used as optimization criterion. In order to reduce the number of experiments, a Taguchi method was applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the most significant parameters affecting the optimization criterion. Filtration experiments were performed in a cross-flow operation at a total recycle condition in a laboratory-scale plant. The ceramic UF membrane with a pore size of 50 nm was employed in a tubular module with an active area of 0,418 m2. We used water-soluble cutting oil mixed with water as a model oil-in-water emulsion. During the experiment, the drop size and zeta potential distributions were evaluated. The optimum conditions for UF providing the highest flux were found at TMP = 5 bar, pH = 7, and φ = 0.5 v/v%. The pH of emulsion had the highest impact on COD retention. The results of this study could be used as a guideline for operating UF systems with ceramic membranes at optimal conditions.

Spray granulation: Importance of process parameters on in vitro and in vivo behavior of dried nanosuspensions

The use of fluid bed granulation for drying of pharmaceutical nanoparticulates on micron-sized granule substrates is a relatively new technique, with limited understanding in the current literature of the effects of process parameters on the physical properties of the dried nanoparticle powders. This work evaluated the effects of spray mode, spray rate and atomizing pressure for spray granulation of drug nanosuspensions through a systematic study. Naproxen and a proprietary Novartis compound were converted into nanosuspensions through wet media milling and dried onto a mannitol based substrate using spray granulation. For naproxen, various physical properties of the granules, as well as the in vitro re-dispersion and dissolution characteristics of the nano-crystals, were measured. It was found that the spray mode had the most drastic effect, where top spray yielded smaller re-dispersed particle sizes and faster release rates of drug from granules than bottom spray. This was attributed to the co-current spraying in bottom spray resulting in denser, homogenous films on the substrate. Similar in vitro results were obtained for the proprietary molecule, Compound A. In vivo studies in beagle dogs with Compound A showed no significant difference between the liquid and the dried forms of the nanosuspension in terms of overall AUC, differences were observed in the tmax which correlated with the rank ordering observed from the in vitro dissolution profiles. These findings make spray granulation amenable to the production of powders with desired processing and handling properties, without compromising the overall exposure of the compound under investigation.

Quantifying the degree of nanofiller dispersion by advanced thermal analysis: application to polyester nanocomposites prepared by various elaboration methods

An innovative thermal analysis methodology is applied for the characterization of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) nanocomposites containing layered silicates, needle-like sepiolite or polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nano-cages, aiming at assessing the key factors affecting nanofiller dispersion and nanocomposite properties. This methodology takes benefit of the fact that—for a given nanofiller aspect ratio—the magnitude of the excess heat capacity recorded during quasi-isothermal crystallization is directly related to the occurrence of pronounced changes to the PCL crystalline morphology. The extent of these changes, in turn, directly depends on the amount of matrix/filler interface and can therefore be considered a reliable measure for the degree of nanofiller dispersion, as supported by complementary morphological characterization. The importance of processing parameters is demonstrated in a comparative study using various melt processing conditions, evidencing the need for high shear to effectively exfoliate and disperse individual nanoparticles throughout the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the choice of the nanocomposite elaboration method is shown to profoundly affect the final morphology, as illustrated in a comparison between nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing, by in situ polymerization and by a masterbatch approach. Grafting PCL onto the filler strongly enhances its dispersion quality as compared to conventional melt mixing; subsequently further dispersing such grafted nanohybrids into the polymer matrix through a masterbatch approach provides a highly efficient method for the elaboration of well-dispersed nanocomposites. Finally, the crucial issue of interfacial compatibility is addressed in a comparison between various surface-treated layered silicates, showing that high degrees of filler dispersion in a PCL matrix can only be achieved upon polar modification of the silicate.

Importance of Process Parameters for Texture and Properties of Microalloyed Deep Drawing Steels

Importance of Process Parameters for Texture and Properties of Microalloyed Deep Drawing Steels