Importance Of Personal Values Research Articles

Factors associated with the decision to continue adjuvant endocrine therapy for five more years in a diverse sample of breast cancer survivors.

319 Background: Guidelines suggest that breast cancer survivors consider taking adjuvant endocrine therapy for 10 years post diagnosis to maximize recurrence prevention. Little is known about how patients decide to continue endocrine therapy beyond 5 years. Methods: iCanCare is a longitudinal study of women diagnosed with breast cancer in 2014-15 and reported to the Los Angeles County and Georgia Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries. Women were surveyed during initial treatment and again 6 years later (2021-22) (Expected final N=1430, 60% current response rate). The proportion of respondents who completed 5 years of endocrine therapy was determined from SEER and patient report (N=793). This group was queried regarding their decision to continue for an additional 5 years (yes/no/undecided). Patients were asked about the importance of personal values in making this decision (all categorized into very/quite/somewhat important vs. a little/not important), and perceived benefit of continuing (none, small/moderate, large/huge). They were also asked to report on how the decision was made (decision style, involvement of oncologist and primary care physician, PCP). We conducted bivariate analyses to assess associations between the decision to continue (yes vs. no/undecided) and decision-making factors. Results: In the sample of 793 women who completed 5 years of endocrine therapy, 40% decided to take it for more than 5 years, 54% decided not to, and 5% were undecided. Overall, 44% reported that it was a shared decision between them and their physician(s). The values survivors reported as most important in their decision to continue were doing what their oncologist wanted them to do (77%) and worry about recurrence (61%). Medication costs (11%) was the least important factor. Among survivors who chose to continue, most important were doing what their oncologist wanted them to do, worry about recurrence, and desiring the most extensive treatment possible (all p <0.001). A greater proportion of those who perceived a large/huge benefit (vs. less benefit) of continued therapy chose to continue (87% vs. 13%, P<0.001). Having received a strong oncologist recommendation was strongly associated with the decision to continue, as was PCP involvement in the decision (both p<0.001). Conclusions: In this population-based sample of breast cancer survivors who completed 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy, less than half decided to extend therapy for 5 more years. Personal values and role of physicians weighed heavily into the decision to continue. Further work to understand how to incorporate and address patient values in endocrine therapy decision making is needed.

Community perceptions of environmental water: a review

SummaryAllocation of water specifically to the environment (often dubbed ‘environmental water’ or ‘environmental flows’) can be contentious within government, among irrigators and between community members. The reduction in supply of fresh water has led to questions surrounding the efficiencies and ecological value of securing these adequate flows for waterways. This literature review examines the evidence on these perceptions of environmental water allocations, focusing foremost on general public, irrigator, Indigenous and decision-maker perspectives. Existing studies are predominantly in Global North areas such as Australia, Canada and the USA. Two themes featured strongly in the papers: the importance of personal values in the acceptance of environmental water and the perception of fairness in environmental water allocation processes. Although the research area has been expanding, there is still limited representation in types of study, disciplinary backgrounds and study locations, and as such many research opportunities remain.

GENERATION Z AND ETHICALITY OF ADVANCEMENT IN THE WORKPLACE: A STUDY OF SLOVENIA AND LITHUANIA

The main purpose of this study was to examine the ethicality of future employees’ attitudes toward advancement in the workplace in Slovenia and Lithuania. This study focuses on students representing young adults from Generation Z as future employees in organizations. Using a survey of work-related issues, we collected 212 answers from Slovenian and 159 from Lithuanian' students from business faculties. We used t-tests and regression analyses to obtain results. We found that the future employees in Slovenia see organizationally beneficial behavior and self-indulgent behavior significantly more acceptable for their advancement, than their Lithuanian peers. No differences exist in the perception of destructive behavior among participants from both countries. Substantial differences in the importance of personal values ​​among Generation Z members in both societies, provide a strong support for the divergence nature of Generation Z across cultures. The impact of personal values on the ethicality of different behavior for advancement in the workplace among future employees in both societies is substantial, but biased and follows different patterns. In Slovenia, the dominant role has power, followed by hedonism, benevolence, security, conformity, tradition, and universalism, while in Lithuania, the dominant role belongs to self-direction, followed by tradition, universalism, security, achievement, and power. This study will help us to understand Generation Z values and their perceptions regarding ethicality of advancement in the workplace and enable organizations to manage the behavior of future employees.

Investigating the needs and concerns of older adults with multimorbidity and their healthcare professionals for conceivable digital psychotherapeutic interventions.

Multimorbidity, defined as the concurrent experience of more than one chronic health condition in an individual, affects ∼65% of people over 65 and 85% of those over 85 years old with 30% of those also experiencing mental health concerns. This can lead to reduced quality of life and functioning as well as poorer outcomes in terms of condition management, adherence to treatment, and ultimately disease prognosis and progression. Digital health interventions offer a viable means of condition self-management, as well as psychological support, particularly for those who may have difficulty accessing in-person services. To best meet the needs of older adults with multimorbidity, deeper insights are needed into their specific concerns and issues around condition management, particularly with regard to distress in relation to managing one's condition. The present study aimed to explore this using one-to-one qualitative interviews and focus groups with people with chronic health conditions and healthcare professionals. Participants were 11 older adults with multimorbidity (4 males; mean age: M = 72.7 years) and 14 healthcare professionals including five clinical nurse specialists, four pharmacists, two general practitioners, one occupational therapist, one speech and language therapist and one dietician. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes, which included: patient feelings of anxiety or worry leading to an unwillingness to access essential information; the various mental health challenges faced by those with multimorbidity; the importance of personal values in providing motivation; and the importance of social support. Findings are discussed in relation to the potential development of transdiagnostically applicable digital interventions for the management of distress in those with multimorbidity.

The Interaction between Personal Values and Perception of Organizational Politics in Predicting Stress Levels of Staff Members in Academic Institutions

Educational systems throughout the world have been impacted by neoliberal ideology and practices transforming higher-education institutions. As a result, changes relating to the academic environment have become more complex. The well-being of academic staff is deteriorating as a result of overwhelming busy work or continual redirection culminating in high levels of stress in academic settings. Given that the perceptions of organizational politics have been shown a significant relevance to employees’ attitudes in public and private sectors, the study aims to examine whether perceptions of organizational politics predict stress levels among faculty members in an academic environment. Moreover, the study examines the importance of personal values underlying the inclination toward stress in academic staff members. The study focuses on the extent to which personal values (self-enhancement and openness to change) moderate the relationships between the perception of organizational politics and stress level. The sample includes 376 academic staff from higher-education institutions. The study highlights the importance of personal values by showing that the extent of politics’ negative consequences on stress levels depends on the employee’s personal values. Findings suggested that a staff member’s values seem to be significant in modifying the way in which he/she experiences the academic environment.

Factors influencing perceived appropriateness of concessioner activity in Grand Teton

Concessioner provided services are integral to the national park visitor experience, and with visitation across NPS units growing steadily, services provided by these public-private-partnerships will likely only increase in importance. Despite this, concerns exist regarding the presence of for-profit entities within national parks. While private businesses may be more responsive to consumers, their presence raises questions regarding equity, access, and perceptions of ownership. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that may influence visitor’s perceptions of appropriateness regarding (a) current and (b) future concessioner activities within Grand Teton National park (GTNP). Regression analyses indicate the importance of personal values, rather than actual experiences (positive or negative) with concessions in shaping perceived appropriateness of future concessions activity. Satisfaction with concessions services, amount of concessions activity that respondents perceived in the park in the present, and trust in GTNP were all non-factors in determining anticipated future appropriateness. Instead, a belief that concessions activity would increase, social liberalism, economic conservatism, and place identity with GTNP were related to perceptions that concessioner activity at GTNP would be inappropriately high in the future. Although the regression predicting future beliefs was robust (R2 = 0.43), no variables significantly predicted current beliefs (R2 = 0.05).
 
 Featured photo by Grand Teton on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2jf3fa9

The importance of personal values and hospitableness in small foodservice businesses’ social responsibility

This article investigates the relationship between personal values, hospitableness and social responsibility in small, independent foodservice businesses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 owner-managers of these businesses located in Sheffield, United Kingdom. The results established that hospitableness is expressed through the way in which these small businesses engage in social responsibility. In lifestyle and family businesses, personal values, such as altruism, friendliness and a passion for food, influence the hospitableness and social responsibility of the small foodservice business. In the long term, social responsibility actions expressing hospitableness add value to the business itself. This research contributes to the hospitality literature by empirically demonstrating how hospitableness can be expressed through small business social responsibility, which can provide, in the long term, a competitive advantage for small, independent foodservice businesses.

Valores. Una revisión de la literatura

El artículo es una revisión de las principales definiciones y teorías, su finalidad es sintetizar la comprensión de los valores humanos, y explicar cómo la literatura clásica y las investigaciones recientes abordan ese tema. La importancia de los valores personales en el ambiente organizacional, para el desenvolvimiento de los procesos de gestión de personas, está siendo discutida ampliamente para nortear las acciones de los individuos. Esta revisión de literatura, explana y expone discusiones sobre las posibilidades aplicativas de las diferentes vertientes de las teorías para mejorar la gestión de personas en las organizaciones.

Understanding young offenders' experiences of drinking alcohol: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Aims: Previous research has documented a clear association between drinking alcohol and engaging in criminal activity. However, it is unclear how this relationship is formed and maintained in young people. Such knowledge could be instructive in the appropriate design and effectiveness of prevention and intervention strategies. The aim of the present study was to gain a greater understanding of these two phenomena from the young person's perspective. Methods: Nine young offenders were interviewed about their experiences of drinking alcohol. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: Three main themes were identified, from initial experiences of using alcohol through the transition into offending and for some participants the resulting change in patterns of use. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of personal values and meaning-making in both the initiation and desistance from alcohol use and criminal behaviour. In particular, the importance of family and peers in these processes suggests the utility of early family-based interventions.

Developing as an ethical English teacher: Valuing the personal and poetic in professional learning

This article draws upon virtue ethics to illustrate the importance of English teachers as ethical professionals. In doing so it focuses attention on the significance of the personal and poetic in professional learning. It is suggested that eschewing the personal and poetic in professional learning may contribute to the de‐professionalisation of English teachers and the commodification of the children they teach. Conversely, acknowledging the personal and poetic liberates teachers of English to develop as ethical professionals who teach for social justice and foster the ethical learning of their students. The article moves from a consideration of the importance of personal values to the value of poetry in professional learning.

‘Happiness-deficit disorder’? Prevention is better than cure

SummaryBeing happy is associated not only with better health, higher earnings and a longer life, but also with a stable family upbringing, stable financial situation, employment, good health, freedom and personal values. Psychiatrists may increase their patients' happiness by promoting effective, evidence-based mental healthcare. Individuals may enhance their own happiness by optimising physical and mental health; recognising the importance of personal values and happy communities; and optimising their financial situation. Government may boost citizens' happiness by deepening democracy; providing effective healthcare; supporting evidence-based well-being initiatives in communities; and then leaving citizens to seek out personal happiness in their own way.

Personal Values as Basis for Strategic Segmentation: a study with professionals from Sao Paulo

An important segmentation basis used by firms is related to consumers’ personal values which are investigated in this study. It was used a descriptive research with the survey method of data collection in a sample of executives from Sao Paulo who are considered to be potential buyers of high value and innovative goods. An exploratory factor analysis was employed in order to reduce the values scale used and a cluster analysis was performed to identify the groups of executives according to the importance attached to different personal values. Concluding, it was observed that there was a similarity among the three personal values dimensions, named as Civility (concerns about having a good conduct before society according to social rules of interaction), Self-Direction (intellectual aspects and practical orientation in their conducts) and Conformity (restriction of actions, inclinations and impulses, that are likely to harm others and would violate expectations) and the ones reported in the theory Rokeach’s theory about instrumental personal values. Furthermore, three groups of executives were identified (good conduct group, low restriction group and high restriction group). The differences observed in the importance of personal values here presented by the dimensions called Civility, Self-Direction and Conformity can lead to different buying behaviors and product preferences. From the results found in this study, the companies could adapt their current and new products offers, as well as their communication, in order to better serve these segments of executives from Sao Paulo. Key words: Marketing. Strategy. Segmentation. Culture. Personal values.

HIV prevention in young homosexual men. A medical ethical challenge

Although considerable progress in the treatment of patients with AIDS has been achieved over the recent years, AIDS remains a non-curative disease. Therefore the prevention of new infections with HIV is an important goal for medicine and public health. However, during recent years the number of new HIV-infections in young gay men increased. New empirical data from the U.S. and the U.K. suggest that the traditional prevention methods fail to reach young gay men in Western countries who become HIV-infected by unsafe sex within intimate relationships. The paper discusses these problems from the perspective of medical ethics. New approaches to sex education and prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases are developed and the importance of personal values, responsibility, intimacy and emotions are emphasized.

To match or mis‐match? The dynamics of mentoring as a route to personal and organisational learning

This article reviews mentoring literature and presents the findings emerging from research into the dynamics of mentoring and how similarities and differences between mentor and mentee influence learning for both parties and the organisation. The principal organisations contributing to the research, Scottish Hydro‐Electric and Skipton Building Society, used different approaches to matching mentor and mentee. Theoretical models are developed from the findings that suggest that similarity will support the development of rapport whereas contrasts support learning. However, the importance of personal values should not be ignored.

Values of Farmers, Sustainability and Agricultural Policy

This paper describes the feasibility of research into the relation between values of farmers and sustainability for the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture and the Dutch Federation of Agricultural and Horticultural Organizations. Firstly, a theoretical framework describes different levels of motivation behind conduct and choices. It enables exploration and analysis of individual interviews with small groups of conventional and ecological farmers. The aim is to find out what their basic convictions regarding nature and sustainability are, and to analyse the relation between these convictions and the actual choices they make in their farming practice. The research shows that for some farmers, differences in farming practice go back to the motivation level of moral convictions about what is 'good farming'. For others, the motivations for a specific farming practice are more pragmatic or 'superficial'. This knowledge can be of significance for the process of policy making. Secondly, this research demonstrates that investigation into the relation between values and behavioural choices is possible. The analysis of interviews among a small group of farmers gives an idea of the importance of personal values in addition to (and sometimes of more importance than) economic considerations. Due to the restricted size of the research population, however, these conclusions are of limited generalizability. Finally, in order to make a larger research agenda possible, the research methodology is evaluated on the basis of scientific criteria.

Relative Importance of Values as Determinants of Ownership Patterns:

To what extent can ownership of products and services be related to the importance of personal values in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec? Personal interviews were conducted in both provinces with 494 representative households outside the largest metropolitan areas of Toronto and Montreal. The findings confirmed the presence of significant differences in ownership and personal values between respondents in the two provinces. A comparison with one pervious study indicated that values tend to shift with time and with geographical area. Personal values were found to be reliable predictors of consumption in the province of Quebec only. Finally, a graphical illustration demonstrated the relatively lower importance of values as compared to geographical and socioeconomic descriptors.

Personal Values Underlying the Moral Philosophies of Marketing Professionals

The importance of personal values as determinants of marketing ethics decisions has generally been recognized by the emerging marketing ethics theories. For example, Ferrell and Gresham (1985) include value structure as part of the individual influencing the ethi cal/unethical decision process in their marketing ethics model. In their words, [individual factors (including knowledge, values, attitude, and intentions) are posited as interacting with organizational factors (including significant others and opportunity factors) to influence individuals involved in an ethical/unethical decision-making dilemma (p. 88). Recognizing the potential impact of an individual's value system on marketing ethics decisions, Hunt and Vitell (1992), in their retrospective and revision of their general theory of marketing ethics (Hunt and Vitell 1986), call for explorations of the impact of different values on ethical decision making. Although one's value system has generally been recognized by the marketing ethics theorists as a deter minant of ethical decisions, their theories don't specify which values influence what aspects of marketing ethics decisions. This study is an attempt to explore the relationship between selected values and certain aspects of marketing ethics decision making. In particular, it examines the relative influences of personal values on two basic dimensions of the marketers' personal moral philosophies relativism and idealism (Forsyth 1980). Although there has been a myriad of empirical work to learn about the ethical decision making of marketers (e.g., Mayo and Marks 1990; Reidenbach and Robin 1990; Singhapakdi and Vitell 1990,1991; Vitell and Hunt 1990), to date there

A typology of mid-life career changers

This study examines the motivations for and the outcomes of mid-life career change among a sample of 73 men who had left professional and managerial careers between the ages of 34 and 54. Measures of personal desire for change and external pressure to leave were dichotomized to produce a typology of career changers: Drift-outs, Opt-outs, Force-outs, and Bow-outs. The four types of changers were found to differ on a number of variables, including: amount of education completed, additional schooling undertaken to change careers, time taken to make the change, radicalness of change, and the importance of personal values in deciding to leave their former careers. Overall, respondents were found to be highly satisfied with their career redirection.