Importance Of Local Institutions Research Articles

Market integration, income inequality, and kinship system among the Mosuo of China.

Increased access to defensible material wealth is hypothesised to escalate inequality. Market integration, which creates novel opportunities in cash economies, provides a means of testing this hypothesis. Using demographic data collected from 505 households among the matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo in 2017, we test whether market integration is associated with increased material wealth, whether increased material wealth is associated with wealth inequality, and whether being in a matrilineal vs. patrilineal kinship system alters the relationship between wealth and inequality. We find evidence that market integration, measured as distance to the nearest source of tourism and primary source of household income, is associated with increased household income and 'modern' asset value. Both village-level market integration and mean asset value were associated negatively, rather than positively, with inequality, contrary to predictions. Finally, income, modern wealth and inequality were higher in matrilineal communities that were located closer to the centre of tourism and where tourism has long provided a relatively stable source of income. However, we also observed exacerbated inequality with increasing farm animal value in patriliny. We conclude that the forces affecting wealth and inequality depend on local context and that the importance of local institutions is obscured by aggregate statistics drawn from modern nation states.

The roles of social housing providers in creating ‘integrated’ communities

ABSTRACTCohesion and integration agendas in Britain can be characterised by localisation of ‘race relations’ responsibilities and the importance of local institutions in shaping neighbourhoods has been acknowledged. However, little is understood about the roles of housing providers in integration initiatives. Indeed, research on housing and race has experienced a lull in the 2000s. Thus, this paper aims to examine how social housing providers negotiate their positions and are complicit in constructing a certain vision of community. It draws on interviews from the ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)’s work in the ethnically diverse neighbourhoods of Cheetham Hill (Manchester), Newham (London), Butetown (Cardiff) and Pollokshields and Govanhill (Glasgow). The paper makes three arguments: first, that race and ethnicity as facets of ‘integration’ have been subsumed into broader agendas, yet remain implicit in community building; second, that housing organisation practices are often detached from local meanings of community and prioritise exclusionary activities focusing on behaviour change and, third, that the roles of housing organisations in constructing ‘integrated’ communities are highly variable and localised, influenced by the history and contemporary dynamics of place.

Dynamics of the Subnational Regional Effect: Evidence from China

This study investigates the dynamics of subnational regional effects (SREs) over time using annual survey data of manufacturing firms in China from 1998 to 2007. SREs increase over time while China’s economy grows rapidly and globalizes and its institutions develop. This trend is explained by institutional divergence across regions over time. Institutional accessibility converges over time and moderates SRE growth as predicted. Based on proxies for institutions and institutional access, we find evidence consistent with the institution-based theory as the cause of these dynamics. Our findings suggest that dynamics of institutions and institutional access are important in determining firm performance. Furthermore, the importance of local institutions can increase even as an economy develops due to institutional path dependency.

PERAN LEMBAGA LOKAL DALAM PENATAAN RUANG DI KELURAHAN NGROTO, KECAMATAN CEPU, KABUPATEN BLORA

A development that implements the concept of participation, involves the people in planning process, implementation, and also control the development program. In relation with implementation of participatory on development process, the Indonesian Government actualized it on PLP-BK program. PLP-BK is a spatial management program that implemented in rural or village. This program develops social capital in community level, particularly the established local institutions. Local institutions have an important role in the planning, implementation, control of this program, and also as a community representatives. The importance of local institutions on PLP-BK becomes the background of this research.The goal of research is to examine the role of local institutions in the implementation of PLP-BK at Ngroto Village, Cepu Sub-Regency, Blora Regency, Central Java. The goal is achieved by use a qualitative approach that called case study research. The analysis method are using qualitative description and domain analysis. The result of this research can explain the institutionalization process of spatial management in Ngroto. This process is mixing new values from the outside (i.e.spatial management) with local values in Ngroto through the roles of local institutions. The sustainability roles of local institutions is needed to achieve the result of this process, is called “pranata penataan ruang”. Therefore, the researcher give a strategy and some actions to achieve the sustainability roles of local institutions in Ngroto, are: capacity building of local empowerment agent, partnership development, and preserve some local institutions. These actions to keep ongoing the institutionalization process in community level, although PLP-BK has ended at October 2012. Thus, community self-reliance can be achieved to realize the goal of spatial management in Ngroto

The Importance of Local Traditional Institutions in the Management of Natural Resources in the Highlands of East Africa

Traditional local institutions were studied in the highlands of Ethiopia and Tanzania to understand their role in natural resource management. Focus group discussions as well as individual interviews were conducted to identify the existing local institutions and their roles. Historical trend analyses were done to determine how the importance of local institutions has changed over the years. Results show that several local institutions with diverse objectives and varying levels of importance exist in the study sites. The article suggests ways in which local institutions can contribute to effective natural resource management for sustainable social and economic development of highland communities in eastern Africa.

VOTING POWER AND SHAREHOLDER ACTIVISM.

The article discusses the development of a voting power theory that is applied to a unique data set on Swedish shareholder meetings. The authors hypothesize that there is a positive relationship between shareholder activism and the largest shareholder's sensitivity to greater participation by small shareholders. It is shown that firms' amenability to small shareholder influence results in more proposals by nomination committees that are dominated by large shareholders, but fewer proposals by other shareholders. The importance of local institutions are highlighted and a call for more research regarding shareholder activism in alternative institutional settings is made.

Importance of local institutions and downwards accountability of local government for mitigating adverse effects of global climate change for poor farmers in South-Eastern Africa

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

Importance of local institutions and downwards accountability of local government for mitigating adverse effects of global climate change for poor farmers in South-Eastern Africa

Importance of local institutions and downwards accountability of local government for mitigating adverse effects of global climate change for poor farmers in South-Eastern Africa