Importance Of Energy Security Research Articles

Energy Security and Women’s Empowerment: A Generalized Method of Moments Approach from a Global Perspective

The importance of energy security is emphasized in Goal 7 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda to guarantee that everyone has affordable, dependable, and contemporary energy access. In addition to transforming human life, whole economies, and even the planet, sustainable energy offers a chance for a better future. The absence of energy security impacts serious health problems, education, and household difficulties. Research on energy security has emphasized various angles worldwide. However, investigations of the impact of energy security on women’s empowerment are still scant. This study thus investigates the relationship between energy security and women’s empowerment (WE) in 167 countries from 2002 to 2021, as well as the influence of urbanization development levels on this nexus. Moreover, this study explores the variation in women’s empowerment between geographical regions by referencing the MENA, OECD, and SAARC countries. A two-step system GMM was used to achieve the objectives of this research. The findings show first that renewable energy availability has a significant effect on WE worldwide. Secondly, in terms of energy security, the variables total availability of natural resource rents and renewable energy both have a positive impact on women’s empowerment in the MENA, while in the OECD and SAARC countries, they have an indirect link with WE. Third, the integrating effect of total natural resource rents with urbanization significantly affects WE in all five models. Fourth, we used access to electricity to represent resource affordability. Unexpectedly, the results show its negative and significant association with WE. Fifth, in terms of energy security, both energy availability and affordability favor WE in OECD countries. Finally, the coefficient of integration of access to electricity and urbanization shows a positive and significant association with WE in the OECD, MENA, and SAARC regions. However, it is noteworthy to mention that access to electricity alone does not influence WE worldwide. Additionally, a series of tests confirm the robustness of the results. This research provides insight into the development and implications of energy security-related women’s empowerment policies.

A Novel Neutrosophic-based Multi-objective Grey Wolf Optimizer for Ensuring the Security and Resilience of Sustainable Energy: A Case Study of Belgium

Today, the concept of energy security is of utmost importance. Also, sustainable, low-cost, emissions-conscious development is a significant challenge for energy resources. We formulate a bi-objective optimization framework to guarantee the long-term security and resilience of sustainable energy planning. Critical social factors such as balancing career development, fairness, and access rate to energy technologies are represented. Various renewable technologies are incorporated to produce high and resilient energy security. Diversity and decentralization concepts are taken into account, as well as the role of economy of scale. An advanced neutrosophic-based weighting approach is introduced to deal with the conflicting objectives of the formulated energy planning optimization model and transfer experts’ views on the importance of energy security and energy costs. The multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) and lexicographic weighted Tchebycheff (LWT) methods are applied to solve the problems of sustainable energy strategy. A case study of Belgium is provided to demonstrate the real-life applicability of the model. Neutrosophic-based MOGWO considerably outperforms LWT. The amount of utilization of solar and wind energy based on demand and efficiency will be achieved by 80% and 90%, respectively, until 2030. A strategic 15-year energy roadmap is presented for authorities to ensure security and resilience.

Perspectives of Small-Scale Hydropower Engineering in Ukraine

Every country takes care of energy independence and security by using different energy sources and remarkably increasing electricity production by renewable energy sources. Ukraine is not an exception, especially when the energy infrastructure is significantly damaged during the war and there is a lack of capacities in the energy system. Because of this, the Government of Ukraine is planning a number of measures to launch systems of domestic mini-power plants.Ukraine has favourable conditions for developing the network of small-scale hydropower plants. While the hydropower potential of the largest Ukrainian rivers is used, the potential of small rivers is used only partially. The small-scale hydropower plants were built during the last century very actively. In 1912 the first small-scale hydropower plant was built. From 1923 to 1960, there were 956 hydropower plants with different capacities from a few kW to a few MW. However, at the end of the 1980s, the interest in small hydro decreased because of the construction of the large hydropower plants in the river Dniester and Dnipro, heat and nuclear power plants. Only 49 plants were in operation. Since 1995 the interest in small hydro has increased again. Nowadays, there are about 150 hydropower plants in operation.The paper examines the past and present state of small hydropower plants and perspectives on their development in the future, both by building new or reconstructing existing power plants. The list of hydropower plants with a short description of possible reconstruction is given. Moreover, the way of reducing the negative influence of hydropower plants on the environment is studied. Taking into account the energy issues in Ukraine, the possibilities of off-grid operation of hydropower plants are considered.The importance of energy security was evident from the issues that Ukraine is recently facing. Building new and reconstructing old small-scale hydropower plants will help to ensure the energy security of other types of electricity generation.

ENERGETIK XAVFSIZLIKNING MILLIY TIZIMDAGI O‘RNI VA AHAMIYATI

This article presents opinions and comments on the improvement and analysis of normative legal documents related to the concept and the role and importance of energy security in the national system. Also, the most important issues related to the further development of the concept of the role and importance of energy security in the national system and the theory of environmental law are analyzed. The role and importance of energy security in the national system, the problems of regulation of sources of energy law, the importance of energy law in the system of natural resources, the origin of the right to use it are studied from the point of view of ecological law within the framework of scientific research. State management in the energy sector is carried out in certain forms and methods. The legal relations related to the role and importance of energy security in the national system, the content of the norms aimed at their regulation, the nature and problems of their application in practice, the management system in the field of energy use and protection, the powers of management bodies, and the issues of responsibility in accordance with the law are also studied.

Energy security – the case of Polish National Power System facing energy transition’s challenges

Energy security plays a key role in energy and economic policy. The importance of energy security has been highlighted by the energy and geopolitical crisis. The aim of this article is to present the crucial threats and challenges facing Polish National Power System, as well as to provide solutions to ensure Poland's energy security over the next 10 years. Article verify the hypothesis that security of electricity supply in Poland may be endangered in the coming years due to, among others, investment gap, coal power plants phase-out and undiversified energy mix. Therefore, it is a necessity to accelerate the investment processes in new generation capacity, especially in nuclear energy. Energy transition plans and energy policy need to be revised in light of the current energy and geopolitical crisis. Rapid growth of photovoltaics improves the energy security, mainly in the summer period, nevertheless, there is still insufficient development of investment in renewable energy sources, particularly in wind energy. In the Polish National Power System there are a lot of constraints such as investment gap, low capacity of transmission and distribution grids and high exposure to climate risk, thus it is necessary to take comprehensive investments to improve energy security in both the short and long term. Key words: Energy security, energy transition, energy crisis, decarbonisation, coal phase-out, energy policy.

Contemporary Energy Security

The 21st century is characterized by conflicts and compromises related to the supply of food, water and especially energy. There is a real need to identify threats and causes that could be serious challenges that the world could face due to the coronavirus pandemic. The paper will try to determine the factual situation in the field of global energy security of 2021 and the relationship of energy policies to situations in various energy markets of major energy actors. Just several empirical studies investigate the impacts of epidemics or pandemics on energy security. This paper describes the multifaceted nature of energy security, offers several indicators for assessing changes in energy security and outlines a variety of policy options for enhancing energy security. In order to research the topic, the paper will include a methodology that will provide insight into the importance of energy security, its scope both on the global concept of understanding and its contribution to several conceptual frameworks. The justification of the research is reflected in the need to recognize the importance of the challenges to contemporary global energy security.

Big Data and Energy Security: Impacts on Private Companies, National Economies and Societies

The importance of energy security for the successful functioning of private companies, national economies, and the overall society cannot be underestimated. Energy is a critical infrastructure for any modern society, and its reliable functioning is essential for all economic sectors and for the well-being of everybody. Uncertainty in terms of the availability of information, namely reliable data to make predictions and to plan for investment as well as for other actions of stakeholders in the energy markets is one of the factors with the highest influence on energy security. This uncertainty can be connected with many factors, such as the availability of reliable data or actions of stakeholders themselves. For example, the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed negative impacts of uncertainty on decision-making processes and markets. At the time point when the market participants started to receive real-time information about the situation, the energy markets began to ease. This is one scenario where Big Data can be used to amplify information to various stakeholders to prevent panic and to ensure market stability and security of supply. Considering the novelty of this topic, our methodology is based on the meta-analysis of existing studies in the area of impacts of energy security on private companies, the national economy, and society. The results show that, in a fast-paced digital world characterized by technological advances, the use of Big Data technology provides a unique niche point to close this gap in information disparity by levering the use of unconventional data sources to integrate technologies, stakeholders, and markets to promote energy security and market stability. The potential of Big Data technology is yet to be fully utilized. Big Data can handle large data sets characterized by volume, variety, velocity, value, and complexity. Our conclusion is that the challenge for energy markets is to leverage this technology to mine available socioeconomic, political, geographic, and environmental data responsibly and to provide indicators that predict future global supply and demand. This information is crucial for energy security and ensuring global economic prosperity.

Geopolitical interests of China in Central Asia

The purpose of this study is to identify China's geopolitical interests in Central Asia and to analyze its political and economic cooperation with the region. During the research, the main principles underlying the Chinese foreign policy were revealed and analyzed. The provisions of the work can be used to further study of this problem, as well as in the teaching of disciplines related to international relations. At the same time, problem-chronological and historical-comparative methods were applied. First of all, China's priority interests in Central Asia were reviewed and analyzed. Further, the spheres of multilateral cooperation implemented through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) were noted. Priority directions of China's foreign policy discourse were also disclosed. Particular attention was paid to the questions of Uyghur separatism and its influence on China's relations with the CAR countries. The points of contact of economic interests were identified through the Chinese initiative project One belt, one way. In addition, the importance of energy security in the Central Asian region is emphasized. At the end of the paper, conclusions were drawn based on an analysis of current integration processes in the region.

The Role of Bioenergy in Enhancing Energy, Food and Ecosystem Sustainability Based on Societal Perceptions and Preferences in Asia

This paper discussed the analysis of the survey on sustainability of bioenergy conducted in the Philippines, India and China. It acquired general perceptions of the people by asking them (a) specific questions about their level of familiarity with bioenergy; (b) relationship of their work to bioenergy; and (c) their opinion on contribution of various feedstock on the economy and impact of bioenergy production on food security. In addition to these questions, we estimated preference weights of various feedstock based on the conjoint choices on bioenergy’s contribution to social stability, social welfare and ecological balance. The estimates revealed significant trade-offs not only among these three dimensions of sustainability but also the relative importance of energy security, food security and ecosystem capacity to other economic, social and environmental objectives. The types of first generation feedstock that are currently used for biofuel production in the respective countries and those that offer alternative household use are perceived as important to the economy and preferred bioenergy feedstock. Based on the results of the study, the preferred role of bioenergy for sustainable development reflects the social and economic concerns in the respective Asian countries, e.g., energy security in China, food security in India, and ecosystem degradation in the Philippines.

Energy Security in Balkan and Main Actors in the Energetic Sector in the Region

Energy security is one of the main factors that determine the contemporary international relations. Energy is crucial for the development of any society; therefore it occupies an important place in the hierarchy of political and economic agendas of the various governments. Nowadays energy sources are exhausting and the global demand and energy consumption is extremely growing. Such a situation leads right to what is known as ‘energy hunger’, a problem which affects every country, regardless its position. This is affecting both those who consume energy as well as countries which export energy or even transit countries where this energy passes through. Balkan region cannot bail out to such a situation where its geostrategic position and role or influence of Russia in the energetic sector in this region is determinant of the current situation. These factors also shape their future. he purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical approach on energy security in the Balkan region, identifying and analysing the role of Russia on this regard. Despite the importance of energy security, in contemporary literature there lacks a definition accepted by all actors on this definition. For this reason, in the field of energy security approach there are selected two operational concepts, ‘energy dependence’ and ‘diversification of energy sources’ which help in analysing the energy situation in the Balkan region, always taking into account Russia's role in the energy in this region. Data on economic and energy indicators, which refer to 2011 - 2012, have as their primary source the World Bank and the International Energy Agency.

UNIA EUROPEJSKA – JAPONIA: WYZWANIA WSPÓŁPRACY A KATASTROFA W FUKUSHIMIE

The disaster at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, caused by the earthquake and tsunami on the east coast of Japan in March 2011 made clear the importance of energy security, not only in Japan, but around the world. It also initiated a series of changes in the nuclear power industry in European Union countries. In response to the tragedy in Fukushima, the EU not only declared its solidarity with Japan, but also provided support. Interestingly, these events resulted in the deepening of EU-Japanese cooperation and not only in the fi eld of nuclear safety between the partners. Existing areas of cooperation, dominated by the challenges of trade and investment, gained momentum. The EU side indic ated that the issue of energy security will remain an important part of its relations with Japan, with which it had been related mainly by economic interdependence. Undoubtedly, the strengthening of cooperation in existing areas ensures the benefi ts for the parties. Paradoxically, Japanese companies in the nuclear industry have increased their activity in European markets. In this context, the decision about the construction of a nuclear power plant in Poland remains within their capabilities and interests.

La Generación Distribuida: Retos frente al Marco Legal del Mercado Eléctrico Ecuatoriano

El análisis de la normativa enfocada en el concepto de la Generación Distribuida, la evolución en tecnologías, la importancia de la seguridad energética y la diversificación de la matriz con energías renovables, la necesidad de reducir la dependencia en combustibles fósiles, exige que se fomenten en el Ecuador nuevos proyectos de recursos renovables no convencionales. La GD debe ser parte del modelo de negocio a la par del advenimiento de las redes inteligentes, esta evolución exige la revisión y estudio detenido y especializado de normas de concesión, impactos en la red, medidas para de mitigación de riesgos. Los vehículos eléctricos híbridos, dispositivos de almacenamiento, micro redes inteligentes, podrán ser realidad si se parte de la experiencia y lecciones aprendidas de países que van a la delantera.

Great Powers and Strategic Hedging: The Case of Chinese Energy Security Strategy

We present the strategic hedging framework as a structural theory of interstate competition. Strategic hedging extends the logic of traditional balance of power theory in order to account for a wider range of foreign policy behavior, while maintaining a strong emphasis on structural incentives that critics found lacking in the soft balancing approach. We provide a four-step identification mechanism that allows the analyst to spot potential cases of strategic hedging and then to filter out behavior that is better categorized as hard balancing, normal diplomatic friction, or simple power maximization. We use the case of Chinese energy security strategy as an illustrative case study and employ the identification mechanism to demonstrate its viability as a strong example of strategic hedging. Given the importance of energy security within the context of Sino-American relations, this paper not only contributes to the development of new structural theory in international relations, it presents a new interpretation of an important policy issue.

Towards Sustainable Development in Malaysia: In the Perspective of Energy Security for Buildings

Malaysia's economy expansion has been powered by cheap oil making us too dependent and addicted on using fossil fuels. As a country that is primarily reliant on fossil fuels for generating its development, issues such as fossil fuel depletion and peak oil will threaten the development of this country. Oil depletion issue had risen rapidly throughout the globe and the quest for substitute fuels has never been as anxious as it is today. Energy security is in crucial perspective in order to prolong sustainable development in Malaysia. This paper will review the energy sources in Malaysia, the importance of energy security and prospective review of renewable energy towards sustainable development in Malaysia. It will show the impact of power blackouts to Malaysia and the importance of effective measure towards energy security for country's building stock. In order to achieve that, consideration on utilizing renewable energy as a backup energy for the nation is essential. At the moment, the highest potential of adaptable renewable energy for buildings in Malaysia can be gained from solar. Thus, it is important to value this natural energy which is environmental-friendly and abundant in Malaysia. The main objective is to acquire energy security for buildings in Malaysia.

Global energy security and American hegemony

This analysis of the United States and energy security examines the close relationship between US military supremacy in oil-rich regions and America's maintenance of global power. Energy security generally evokes thoughts of American intervention in the Middle East to protect US interests in that region's oil-rich fields. Doug Stokes and Sam Raphael move beyond that framework to consider US actions in Latin America, Central Asia, and Africa. Drawing on State and Defense Department records and other primary sources and previous scholarship, they show how US foreign policy since World War II has sought to maintain a global energy security regime that supports the nation's allies while maintaining American hegemony. Stokes and Raphael explain how US intervention in energy-rich states insulates and stabilizes those nations' transnationally oriented actors and political economies and why American oil diversification strategy strengthens the country's position against rivals in the global capitalist system. They argue that counterinsurgency aid and other types of coercive US statecraft protect the recipient states from an array of potentially revolutionary armed and unarmed internal social forces, thereby securing the energy supplies of nations deemed strategically important to the United States or its allies. Clear and accessible, this cutting-edge contemporary policy analysis will engage scholars of US foreign policy and international relations as well as policymakers grappling with the importance of energy security in today's world.

Energy Security and Competition Policy

The OECD Competition Committee debated energy security and competition policy in February 2007. This roundtable examined the links between competition policy and energy security, with a focus on natural gas. The discussion began by addressing the questions of the meaning and importance of energy security; and the determinants of energy security, particularly as they relate to competition policy. It continued in dealing with gas supply, transportation, and distribution, addressing five aspects that relate to different aspects of energy security: (1) the role of substitutes for natural gas in fostering competitive gas supply; the role of regulation in promoting or inhibiting infrastructure investment; (2) how to promote an adequate level of infrastructure investment; (3) the role of unbundling in fostering competition and promoting energy security; (4) the role of storage capacity in system efficiency and buyer bargaining position; (5) and the determinants of entry into merchant sales of natural gas.