Importance Of Different Forms Research Articles

Preliminary evidence supporting the use of equine science podcasts to bridge the gap between scientists and horse enthusiasts to improve horse welfare

SummaryBackgroundPodcasts have become a popular digital forum for discussing scientific information with peers, as well as with the non‐scientific community, often referred to as ‘edutainment’. It is unclear how science‐based podcasts can support the veterinary industry through, for example, supporting good husbandry practices.ObjectivesTo understand the influence of ‘edutainment’ on equine owners' husbandry decisions.Study designThe sample population were listeners of the Conversations in Equine Science (CES) podcast recruited to complete an online survey via a link promoted by the CES hosts. The survey contained Likert‐like questions assessing how listeners rated the importance of different forms of evidence when making husbandry decisions and questions relating to husbandry changes made.MethodsA mixed methods approach was used to analyse the data. The Likert package for R was used to explore importance ratings. Free text questions were analysed via a content analysis with a constructionist epistemological position.ResultsThe experience of veterinarians and scientific evidence were considered the most important forms of evidence that owners used when making decisions about their horse's management (93% agreed and 91% agreed they were important respectively). Additionally, 74% of respondents had made a change to the management or training principles prompted by an episode of CES, suggesting edutainment can be a prompt to management change. Of these, the majority (55%) had done so based on a joint discussion of the podcast and their own reading of the evidence.Main limitationsThis was an opportunistic sample of those already invested in the edutainment format and may not represent those owners with no interest in scientific evidence.ConclusionsPodcasts are an easy‐access, low‐cost medium to convey research and current trends in the equine/equitation science genre. They may be a valuable tool for the veterinary industry to employ to support horse welfare.

ATR activation by Cr-DNA damage is a major survival response establishing late S and G2 checkpoints after Cr(VI) exposure

Inhalation exposure to hexavalent chromium is known to cause lung cancer and other pulmonary toxicity. Cellular metabolism of chromium(VI) entering cells as chromate anion produces different amounts of reactive Cr(V) intermediates and finally yields Cr(III). Direct reduction of Cr(VI) by ascorbate (Asc), the dominant metabolic reaction in vivo but not in standard cell cultures, skips production of Cr(V) but still permits extensive formation of Cr-DNA damage. To understand the importance of different forms of biological injury in Cr(VI) toxicity, we examined activation of several protein- and DNA damage-sensitive stress responses in human lung cells under Asc-restored conditions. We found that Asc-restored cells suppressed upregulation of oxidant-sensitive stress systems by Cr(VI) but showed a strong activation of the apical DNA damage-responsive kinase ATR. ATR signaling was triggered in late S phase and persisted upon entry of cells into G2 phase. Inhibition of ATR prevented the establishment of late-S and G2 cell cycle checkpoints and did not lead to a compensatory activation of a related kinase ATM. Inactivation of ATR also strongly impaired viability of Cr(VI)-treated lung cells including stem-like cells and revealed a significant formation of toxic Cr-DNA damage at low Cr(VI) doses. Our findings identified a major Cr(VI) resistance mechanism involving sensing of Cr-DNA damage by ATR in late S phase and a subsequent establishment of protective cell cycle checkpoints.

Streamliners, Switchmen and Bridge Builders: About the Mechanisms and Uniqueness of Accelerator Programs

Accelerators are a new and fast-growing element in entrepreneurial ecosystems. However, our understanding about their impact on the development of startups remains limited. Utilizing a grounded theory approach and in-depth interviews with 21 entrepreneurs, this study investigates the value-adding mechanisms of accelerators. Our analysis, however, is not limited to financial capital, which allows us to highlight the relative importance of different forms of capital in the context of accelerators. We aim to understand how accelerators stimulate the development of participants and extend the support landscape for early-stage startups. Our results are threefold. First, we demonstrate that accelerators facilitate every step in the resource mobilization by reducing uncertainties and compensating for deficiencies. Second, the founding process becomes more structured, as participants build a founder identity and the process itself is professionalized. Third, accelerators support startups in building a resource base, by providing immediate resources and building bridges to various other resources.

Financing solutions for circular business models: Exploring the role of business ecosystems and artificial intelligence

AbstractThe circular economy promotes a transition away from linear modes of production and consumption to systems with circular material flows that can significantly improve resource productivity. However, transforming linear business models to circular business models posits a number of financial consequences for product companies as they need to secure more capital in a stock of products that will be rented out over time and therefore will encounter a slower, more volatile cash flow in the short term compared to linear direct sales of products. This paper discusses the role of financial actors in circular business ecosystems and alternative financing solutions when moving from product‐dominant business models to Product‐as‐a‐Service (PaaS) or function‐based business models. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates a solution where state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence (AI) modeling can be incorporated for financial risk assessment. We provide an open implementation and a thorough empirical evaluation of an AI‐model, which learns to predict residual value of stocks of used items. Furthermore, the paper highlights solutions, managerial implications, and potentials for financing circular business models, argues the importance of different forms of data in future business ecosystems, and offers recommendations for how AI can help mitigate some of the challenges businesses face as they transition to circular business models.

Socioeconomic Differences in the Transition From Higher Education to the Labour Market: A Systematic Review

The transition from higher education to the labour market is considered an important and uncertain life stage wherein young adults exchange an academic environment for an often-chaotic entry into the labour market. Specifically, for graduates with a lower socioeconomic status (SES), this transition involves several difficulties. Investigating these persisting SES differences in the transition is becoming more relevant given the increasing participation of students from lower SES backgrounds in higher education. This systematic review studies SES differences in the transition by looking through the lens of resource acquisition. The results demonstrate that graduates from lower SES backgrounds have more difficulty finding suitable employment and often experience lower job quality. Moreover, our findings show that the strong interdependence between the importance of different forms of capital and the (implicit) symbolic value attached to these capitals makes it difficult for graduates from lower SES backgrounds to overcome barriers in the transition.

Innovation across cultures: Connecting leadership, identification, and creative behavior in organizations

AbstractInnovation is considered essential for today's organizations to survive and thrive. Researchers have also stressed the importance of leadership as a driver of followers' innovative work behavior (FIB). Yet, despite a large amount of research, three areas remain understudied: (a) The relative importance of different forms of leadership for FIB; (b) the mechanisms through which leadership impacts FIB; and (c) the degree to which relationships between leadership and FIB are generalizable across cultures. To address these lacunae, we propose an integrated model connecting four types of positive leadership behaviors, two types of identification (as mediating variables), and FIB. We tested our model in a global data set comprising responses of N = 7,225 participants from 23 countries, grouped into nine cultural clusters. Our results indicate that perceived LMX quality was the strongest relative predictor of FIB. Furthermore, the relationships between both perceived LMX quality and identity leadership with FIB were mediated by social identification. The indirect effect of LMX on FIB via social identification was stable across clusters, whereas the indirect effects of the other forms of leadership on FIB via social identification were stronger in countries high versus low on collectivism. Power distance did not influence the relations.

The Prevalence and Importance of Semiformal Organizations and Semiformal Control in Rural China: Insights from a National Survey.

This analysis of data collected from a nationwide survey in 2021 focused on the prevalence and importance of different forms of social control particularly semiformal social control in community order maintenance within rural China. Scholars have a growing interest in China’s semiformal control. However, prior studies lack quantitative research on the prevalence and importance of this semiformal control. Employing quantitative analysis, this study found that China uses a trinary (formal, semiformal, and informal) control system to maintain social order as contrasted with a Western binary (formal vs. informal) control system. Overall, semiformal organizations—village committees—are more prevalent and important than formal control mechanisms such as government and police and informal control mechanisms such as xiangxian or kin or kin-kind community leaders. Furthermore, the relative prevalence and importance of semiformal organizations and control are found to be associated with types of social order maintenance activities. These findings are meaningful for testing the generalizability of social disorganization theory and developing a China- or Asian-centric control theory.

Bureaucracy for democracy: administration in support of legislatures

ABSTRACT If legislatures are to be effective rulemaking organisations, they require information and advice, usually provided by legislative staff. The levels of staffing varies markedly across countries, although most legislatures in European democracies have relatively small staffs. This article discusses the importance of different forms of staffing for assisting legislatures, and supporting democracy.

Children's emotion recognition and aggression: A multi-cohort longitudinal study.

Difficulty recognizing negative emotions (NEs) in children is linked to increased antisocial traits and externalizing problems. However, crucial aspects of this relation remain unclear, such as: whether NE recognition is associated with externalizing problems in general or only a particular subcomponent (i.e., aggression); whether subcomponents of NE recognition (i.e., insensitivity and misspecifications) are relatively more important; and how these relations change over the course of development. We assessed emotion recognition, overt aggression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in an ethnically diverse sample of Canadian children (N = 150; 4-year-olds, N = 148; 8-year-olds) and followed up with them 1 year later (86.9% retention). Emotion recognition was assessed using a behavioral task and caregivers reported on children's externalizing symptoms. Children with lower NE recognition had higher initial, but not subsequent, overt aggression, even when controlling for nonaggressive externalizing symptoms (i.e., ADHD and ODD symptoms). NE recognition was not concurrently or longitudinally associated with nonaggressive externalizing symptoms. Age and gender did not moderate these findings. Both higher NE insensitivity (e.g., reporting a sad face appears neutral) and misspecifications (e.g., reporting a sad face appears angry) were significantly associated with higher concurrent overt aggression. In conclusion, both NE insensitivity and misspecifications were found to be uniquely important for children's overt aggression. These findings highlight the importance of different forms of NE recognition and differentiating between aggressive and nonaggressive externalizing problems in children.

Onward migration: An introduction

Onward migration: An introduction

Knowledge management significance and communication complexity in the context of innovative enterprises: case of Polish NewConnect market

The main goal of this study is to show how the communication complexity influences the knowledge sharing in the organizational dimension, on the example of the NewConnect market in Poland. This paper presents and investigates the above mentioned topics of showing the importance of different forms of communication in sharing knowledge in innovative enterprises based on the questionnaire that has been conducted in NewConnect market in Poland. The empirical study proved that: (1) there is no correlation between the level of communication management in innovative enterprises, (2) the age of the enterprise level and the significance of knowledge management in innovative enterprises, (3) the age of the enterprise and the level of communication complexity in innovative enterprises. The findings of this research give varied and valuable arguments to managers from each sector in paying much attention to different forms of communication with stakeholders in sharing knowledge. This paper is valuable to academics and practitioners in search of reliable data on the influence of modern and traditional forms of communication on sharing knowledge in innovative enterprises, showing the fulfilment of the gap this type of study in the literature.

A comprehensive analysis of adverb types for mining user sentiments on amazon product reviews

Online shopping websites like Amazon stipulate a platform to the users where they can share their opinions about different products. Recently, it has been identified that prior to the purchasing, 81% of the users explore different online platforms in order to assess the reliability of product that they intend to buy. The reviews of different users are expressed by using natural language, which help a user to make an informed decision. From past few years, scientific community has payed attention to automatically specify the meaning of review through Sentiment Analysis. Sentiment Analysis is a research area which is gradually being evolved thus, helping the users to tackle the sentiment hidden in a review. To date, different sentiment analysis-based studies have been conducted in literature. For sentiment classification, the core ingredient is the exploitation of polarity bearing words present in the reviews e.g. adjectives, verbs, and adverbs etc. Different studies suggest the importance of different forms of adverbs in sentiment classification task. In literature, it has been reported that general adverbs strongly help to classify sentiments with better accuracy whereas other suggest that degree adverbs are important for sentiment classification. There are ten distinct forms of adverbs such as general adverbs, general superlative adverbs, general comparative adverbs, general-wh adverbs, degree adverbs, degree superlative adverbs, degree comparative adverbs, degree-wh adverbs, time adverbs and locative adverbs. In this paper, we intend to tackle a question that what is the impact of different forms of adverb on the classification of sentiments? For this, the impacts of all these forms have been evaluated on 51,005 reviews of two products, office products and musical DVDs acquired from Amazon. The outcomes of study revealed that two general superlative adverbs and degree-wh adverb hold more impact than the other forms of adverbs. The general superlative adverbs have attained F-measure of 0.86 and degree-wh adverbs have attained F-measure of 0.80.

The importance of exosomal PDL1 intumour immune evasion.

The interaction of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) with its receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD1) inhibits T cell responses, and blockade of this interaction has proven to be an effective immunotherapy for several different cancers. PDL1 can be expressed on the surface of tumour cells, immune cells and other cells in the tumour microenvironment but is also found in extracellular forms. Recent studies have explored the importance of different forms of extracellular PDL1, such as on exosomes or as a freely soluble protein, and have shown thatPDL1-expressing exosomes can inhibit antitumour immune responses. Inpatients with melanoma, exosomal PDL1 is also a marker of immune activation early after initiation of therapy with PD1-blocking antibodies and predicts a clinical response to PD1 blockade. In this Progress article, we highlight recent insights into the role of exosomal PDL1 in immune oncology and how it may be useful as a biomarker for the management of cancer or to define a subset of patients who would benefit from therapeutics that block exosome production.

The importance of linking social capital in unequal and fragmented societies: an analysis of perceived economic well-being in Turkish rural and urban households

Most research on social networks and economic well-being concentrates on bonding and bridging social capital, while the importance of linking social capital is retrograded. However, linking social capital in the form of ties between the ordinary people and people representing the institutionalized networks of power and authority plays an important role in offering the poor, the access to critical resources. There is a gap in the literature on equal access to networks of power and authority, especially in fragmented and unequal societies. This article attempts to fill the gap in the literature by undertaking the case of Turkey. Specifically, besides demographic factors, we investigate the importance of different forms of social capital, in explaining changes in perceived economic well-being levels in Turkey after 2010. The results should help policy makers in designing redistributive policies in a fragmented society. We used microdata to determine the importance of demographic factors and different forms of social capital in explaining changes in perceived economic well-being levels in Turkey after 2010. The results show that linking social capital, which we have captured through the political ties of the respondents, is the most important factor. The results suggest that social capital accumulation should be taken into account in redistributive policies. Furthermore, linking social capital might have undesired effects if there is unequal opportunity for different groups. Therefore, it is important to support a balanced and equitable distribution of social capital to attain a long-lasting and egalitarian improvement in economic welfare.

Doing Things with Arabic in the Seventeenth-Century Escorial

AbstractThis article takes part in the recent project of reevaluating the place, role, and importance of different forms of engagement with Arabic and Arabic manuscripts in seventeenth-century Spain, and more broadly in Europe, by focusing on a single institution—the royal library of San Lorenzo of the Escorial. I examine if, and how, the Escorial fits within the new narrative of the history of Arabic in seventeenth- century Spain. Did the presence of an exceptionally sizeable collection of Arabic texts facilitate, hinder, or have no effect on the new Orientalism of the seventeenth century? More specifically, the article explores four questions: (1) What did Spanish and European scholars think about the collection of Arabic manuscripts in the Escorial? (2) What did the Hieronymites, the friars in charge of the library, do with its Arabic manuscripts? (3) What did the Hieronymites think about the study of Arabic? and (4) What access to the collection, if any, did Spanish and European scholars have? The answers to these questions suggest that the Escorial became a shrine of Arabic knowledge, to which scholarly pilgrims sought access, and that during seventeenth century Spain preserved its reputation among European orientalists as an important site for the study of Arabic.

Lezers in de marges van Vondels Palamedes

Abstract Readers in the margins of Vondel’s Palamedes: A census of seventeenth-century editions in public collections This article explores how Joost van den Vondel’s politically charged play Palamedes (first published in 1625) was read in the seventeenth century. It presents the findings of a systematic and focused census of copies of 25 seventeenth-century editions that have been preserved in public collections. Inspection of 150 copies has resulted in identifying 32 copies with manuscript annotations. Viewed together these annotated copies show the importance of different forms of collective reading. Two general patterns can be distinguished, documenting on the one hand different forms of rhetorical and stylistic analysis, made for didactic or studious use. Another category reveals a persistent interest in decoding, remembering, and sharing the political meaning of the play. This category includes a set of annotations that probably derived from Vondel’s biographer Geeraert Brandt, which circulated in manuscript before appearing in print in 1705. As an exercise in census-research, this case also confirms the idea of the long life of the book, documenting extended use and enrichment of individual copies.

‘Persistence of the social’: The role of cognitive ability in mediating the effects of social origins on educational attainment in Britain

In this paper, we address two research questions on the basis of the series of British birth cohort studies. First, how large is the part played by cognitive ability in mediating the association that exists between individuals’ educational attainment and their social origins, and is there evidence of any change in the importance of its mediating role over recent decades? Second, does the importance of its mediating role change over the course of individuals’ educational careers? As regards the first question, we find that only around half of the effects of individuals’ social origins on their educational attainment is mediated via their cognitive ability, as measured in early life. There has been some fluctuation in the mediation percentage over time, but no sustained increase. Moreover, this is the case in whatever way we measure social origins. As regards the second question, we find that the mediating role of cognitive ability changes little in importance as individuals’ educational careers progress, with the possible exception that it declines in the case of an educational threshold relating to upper secondary qualifications. In the light of our results, we call into question the idea that the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequalities is driven overwhelmingly via the intergeneration transmission of cognitive ability; and also claims such as those made by Marks (2014) of ‘the decline of the social’ in the determination of the educational attainment of children from more or less advantaged families. While the relative importance of different forms of parental resources for children’s educational success may be changing somewhat, our findings indicate a strong ‘persistence of the social’.

How innovators reframe resources in the strategy‐making process to gain innovation adoption

Research Summary: This multicompany qualitative field study combines strategy process and strategy‐as‐practice perspectives to show how innovators successfully gain adoption for their autonomous innovations by reframing the meaning and potential of the associated internal resources to create fit with their organization's strategy. Mapping the five steps involved in the resource reframing process onto the different parts of the Bower‐Burgelman process model of strategic change shows that innovators can shape the strategic context for their autonomous innovations before external market validation is available. These findings confirm the unique potential and importance of different forms of discourse in shaping the strategic innovation process.Managerial Summary: How do innovators from lower levels of an organization gain approval for their innovations especially when their ideas do not readily fit their organization's strategy? To explore this question, we conducted 138 interviews with innovators and their decision makers in 14 firms based in Silicon Valley. We find that successful innovators shape a story supporting their innovation by rethinking their firm's current and potential resources. They then use this story to convince decision makers that their innovation creates unique competitive advantage. Contrary to conventional wisdom, decision makers approved such innovations even without external validation, solely based on the innovators' success in depicting their reorganization of the firm's resources.

The influence of population aging in Public Health

Introduction Population aging is one of the greatest challenges in contemporary public health. Thus, one of the consequences of this dynamic is a greater demand for health services. The aim of the present research consists in explaining the main topics that justify the fact that the increase of population-aging worldwide influences public health strategies applied. Materials and methods To carry out this review article the search strategies included electronic databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library and Science Direct, reference lists of articles, and selected textbooks. Articles and textbooks used in this study were mainly reached by using the following keywords: “Public health”; “Population-ageing “; “Global Aging”; “Elderly” and “Health”. Selection criteria included articles published from 1985 to the present year of 2018. At the end of the search, 11 scientific articles were selected. Results and Discussion The physical / biological, psychological and social changes associated with the elderly leads to decrease of health, withdrawal from the labor market and several unfavorable situations, which cannot be controlled. In this context, the elderly seek to find support in the family, neighborhood, friends and institutions that will influence their quality of life. Therefore, the path of Public Health has three essential points: first, health promotion and primary prevention, which requires a lot of health education to develop healthy living habits and improve understanding of the aging process; secondly, appropriate health treatments, including professionals trained in Geriatrics and Gerontology, aiming at early diagnosis and interdisciplinary administration of diseases, seeking to preserve functional capacity; and finally, the rehabilitation of the functions committed, aiming at functional independence and mental autonomy, in any type of incapacity or limitation. Conclusions Aging is a challenge to be integrated by Public Health and the vulnerability inherent in the elderly should never be seen in a unique way. Thus, we believe in the importance of different forms of support, not only in terms of assistance, clinical treatment and rehabilitation, but also in the implementation of public policies and disease prevention actions, as well as health promotion of the population of integral form.

Higher education, bridging capital, and developmental leadership in the Philippines: Learning to be a crossover reformer

The article presents findings from a research project which explored how experiences of higher education supported – or not – the emergence of developmental leadership and the formation of networks among leaders of three political and social movements in the Philippines in the post-Marcos era. Based on life history interviews with key leaders, the study points to the importance of different forms of social capital, especially bridging capital, in navigating a stratified system within this oligarchical democracy. Experiences of higher education were important for leaders' development, but not necessarily in predictable ways.