Industrial Importance Research Articles

Employing Ammonia for the Synthesis of Primary Amines: Recent Achievements over Heterogeneous Catalysts.

Primary amines represent highly privileged chemicals for synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, coatings, etc. Consequently, the development of efficient and green methodologies for the production of primary amines are of great importance in chemical industry. Owing to the advantages of low cost and ease in availability, ammonia is considered as a feasible nitrogen source for synthesis of N-containing compounds. Thus, the efficient transformation of ammonia into primary amines has received much attention. In this review, the commonly applied synthetic routes to produce primary amines from ammonia were summarized, including the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds, the hydrogen transfer amination of alcohols, the hydroamination of olefins and the arylation with ammonia, in which the catalytic performance of the recent heterogeneous catalysts is discussed. Additionally, various strategies to modulate the surface properties of catalysts are outlined in conjunction with the analysis of reaction mechanism. Particularly, the amination of the biomass-derived substrates is highlighted, which could provide competitive advantages in chemical industry and stimulate the development of sustainable catalysis in the future. Ultimately, perspectives into the challenges and opportunities for synthesis of primary amines with ammonia as N-resource are discussed.

Research on Jiangxi Cultural Wisdom Tourism Industry Strategy Based on OHDSI General Data Model and Digital Art Empowerment

With the rapid development and wide application of a new round of information technologies, such as the global Internet of Things, the new generation of mobile Internet, cloud computing, etc., informatization has opened a new stage of smart tourism (ST), and ST has become the main trend of tourism development in China at present and for a long time to come. Tourism industry has become one of the important pillar industries in Jiangxi, and it plays an increasingly prominent role in stimulating and supporting economic and social development. Wisdom tourism is an important means to improve tourism service, tourism management and tourism marketing, and an important starting point to promote the upgrading of tourism industry in Jiangxi Province, and to achieve carry-over and leapfrog development and overtaking at corners. This paper is constantly improving and updating on the basis of data warehouse integration mechanism. Under the data warehouse mechanism, through the effective integration of spatial data, virtual reality data and dynamic data, a comprehensive data warehouse oriented to tourism promotion, scenic spot management and department management is formed. It aims to promote the rapid implementation of ST, bring tourists a comfortable tourism experience, save costs and improve efficiency for tourism service providers.

An Introduction to the Development and Protection of Tourism Resources in China

Introduction: Tourism resources provide great potential for tourism development, but at the same time, they also face problems such as over-exploitation and environmental damage, so it is crucial to achieve a balance between development and conservation. This study explores the development and protection of tourism resources in China. Background: Since the reform and opening up of China more than 30 years ago, China's tourism industry has rapidly developed into one of the important pillar industries of the national economy. At the same time, the destruction of tourism resources has also become more and more prominent, therefore, we must correctly deal with the relationship between the development and protection of tourism resources, to ensure the economic benefits while achieving the sustainable development of tourism resources. Novelty: Many studies in China currently focus on either tourism development or conservation, but this study endeavours to consider the relationship between the two in an integrated manner, providing a comprehensive approach to effectively develop and conserve China's rich tourism resources, while at the same time obtaining economic benefits. Research Methods: This study adopts the methods of literature review and qualitative analysis to review the research results on the development and protection of China's tourism resources by collecting relevant literature and summarising and analysing the ideas in the literature to conclude the development and protection of China's tourism resources. Finally, corresponding management suggestions and policy measures are proposed based on the conclusions. Results:To promote the sustainable use and protection of tourism resources, and to ensure the long-term stability and sustainability of the resources Conclusions: To solve this problem, this study puts forward the following suggestions: (1) to formulate strict laws and regulations; (2) to raise the overall awareness of environmental protection; (3) to promote the corresponding scientific research and technological support; (4) to strengthen tourism planning and management. (5) Establishment of funds for the protection of tourism resources; (6) Strengthening of cooperation and exchanges.

Microdroplet-Mediated Multiphase Cycling in a Cloud of Water Drives Chemoselective Electrolysis.

Electrification of water in clouds leads to fascinating redox reactions on Earth. However, little is known about cloud electrochemistry, except for lightning, a natural hazard that is nearly impossible to harness. We report a controllable electrochemistry that can be enabled in microclouds by fast phase switching of water between the microdroplet, vapor, and bulk phase. Due to the size-dependent charge transfer between droplets during atomization, this process generates an alternating voltage arising from the self-electrification and discharging of microdroplets, vapor, and bulk phase by electron and ion transfer. We show that the microclouds with alternating voltage cause 1,2-dichloroethane (ClH2C-CH2Cl) to be converted to vinyl chloride (H2C═CHCl) at ∼80% selectivity. These findings highlight the importance of controlled cloud electrochemistry in accelerating the removal of volatile organic compounds and treating contaminated water. We suggest that this work opens an avenue for harnessing cloud electrochemistry to solve challenging chemoselectivity problems in aqueous reactions of environmental and industrial importance.

The Food Processing Industry of Rajasthan

Rajasthan, the largest state of India, is diversly rich in agriculture production. Though Agriculture and its allied activities hold a significant part in state’s GSDP and employment generation but the growth and development which the state can achieve through agriculture and industry linkage is still lagging. This linkage can be done by the Food Processing Industry. The food processing industry in Rajasthan is not just about transforming raw agricultural products into consumable goods; it plays a critical role in reducing post-harvest losses, enhancing food security, and generating employment. With a large proportion of the population engaged in agriculture, the development of this industry has a direct impact on the livelihoods of millions of farmers and rural workers. Moreover, food processing adds value to raw products, thereby increasing their marketability and shelf life, which is crucial for both domestic consumption and exports. Rajasthan’s strategic location, with proximity to major consumer markets in northern and western India, further enhances the importance of the food processing industry. The state's extensive road and rail network facilitates the efficient movement of goods, making it an attractive destination for both national and international investors in the food processing sector.

Environmental Impacts of Rock Quarrying at the Afikpo Quarry Sites, Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria

The importance of the quarrying industry to livelihood and development cannot be overemphasized. However, its activities result in significant damage to the immediate environment. This study investigates the environmental effects of quarrying activities in Afikpo, focusing on environmental degradation, health, and socio-economic implications for local communities. Field surveys, environmental assessments, and interviews with local residents and quarry operators were conducted to gather data on the extent of environmental degradation and its effects on the surrounding ecosystem. A total of 100 copies of a questionnaire were administered in the study area. Findings indicate that quarrying activities have led to substantial deforestation, soil erosion, and disruption of local hydrology, which in turn affects agricultural productivity and water availability for local populations. Additionally, the dust and noise generated by blasting and heavy machinery, as well as water quality degradation resulting from quarrying activities, pose health risks, including the possible impact of water quality degradation on the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant genes among nearby residents. The study also highlights the socio-economic trade-offs faced by communities, where the immediate economic benefits from quarrying often overshadow the long-term environmental costs. The results of this investigation underscore the urgent need for sustainable quarrying practices and effective regulatory frameworks to mitigate environmental impacts while considering the socio-economic realities of local communities. Recommendations include the implementation of rehabilitation plans for degraded sites, community engagement in decision-making processes, and the promotion of alternative livelihoods to reduce dependency on quarrying activities.

Operando Spectroelectrochemistry Unravels the Mechanism of CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction by an Fe Porphyrin.

Iron porphyrins are molecular catalysts recognized for their ability to electrochemically and photochemically reduce carbon dioxide (CO2). The main reduction product is carbon monoxide (CO). CO holds significant industrial importance as it serves as a precursor for various valuable chemical products containing either a single carbon atom (C1), like methanol or methane, or multiple carbon atoms (Cn), such as ethanol or ethylene. Despite the long-established efficiency of these catalysts, optimizing their catalytic activity and stability and comprehending the intricate reaction mechanisms remain a significant challenge. This article presents a comprehensive investigation of the mechanistic aspects of the selective electroreduction of CO2 to CO using an iron porphyrin substituted with four trimethylammonium groups in the para position [(pTMA)FeIII-Cl]4+. By employing infrared and UV/Visible spectroelectrochemistry, changes in the electronic structure and coordination environment of the iron center can be observed in real-time as the electrochemical potential is adjusted, offering new insights into the reaction mechanisms. Catalytic species were identified, and evidence of a secondary reaction pathway was uncovered, potentially prompting a re-evaluation of the nature of the catalytically active species.

Examining Complexities of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining on Buru Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia

The Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) sector is presently one of the largest global sources of anthropogenic mercury emissions. The risk of mercury pollution from ASGM in Indonesia challenges other important industries including fisheries and tourism. Environmental degradation and risks to food safety and human health are major concerns that have been realised at local scales, including on Buru Island, Indonesia. Since the discovery of gold on Buru Island in 2011 the community has undergone dramatic changes. Some of these, such as rapid wealth accumulation, have been of benefit to people involved in the industry, however, they have been marred by negative social and economic consequences including rapid inflation, reduced rice production, and changes to the social fabric. We explore the Buru Island example through over 12 years of research interest and using empirical material through a socio-legal lens. Various legislative changes and government interventions have occurred since 2011 and there are complex interactions between industry players. Currently, the mining is low key with ore being transported to ‘back yard’ processing operations while a permitting system is anticipated. There is a legacy of land degradation and contamination as a result of the mining and ore processing. Alternatives to mercury are being considered but are challenged by uncertainty about product effectiveness, potential toxicity, and a lack of processing knowledge.

Congenital Right-side Rib Agenesis in a Male Lamb: A Rare Case Report

Sheep play a vital role in agriculture, contributing to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through meat, wool, and leather. The number of ribs in sheep is an important economic trait, particularly for meat production, as a higher rib count correlates with increased mutton yield. However, the congenital absence of ribs is a rare condition scarcely documented in veterinary field. This report presents the first known case of rib aplasia in a lamb, highlighting its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and implications. A two-day-old male co-twin lamb exhibited symptoms of ataxia, anorexia, and dyspnea. Physical examination revealed missing ribs on the right side and scoliosis at the thoracic vertebrae level. Chest X-rays confirmed the absence of the 9th and 10th ribs and thoracic scoliosis. Despite explanations of the poor prognosis, the lamb collapsed after two days, and no post-mortem examination was conducted. This case underscores the need for further research to identify genetic factors contributing to congenital rib agenesis in lambs, given its economic importance in the sheep industry.

Regional variations in digital transformation: the impact of industry 5.0 on business quality performance

After criticism of the technological orientation of Industry 4.0, many authors began to highlight the importance of Industry 5.0, which considers human-oriented values. This opened space for a lot of research on how people perceive new technologies in this environment and their relationship with the new paradigm – Industry 5.0. The paper aims to examine the relationship between familiarity with Industry 5.0 and business quality performance in SMEs through the workers’ perception of digitalisation (attitudes toward digitalisation, digitalisation usage behaviour, and digitalisation behavioural intentions). The results were obtained through a questionnaire conducted in six European countries divided into two groups according to familiarity with Industry 5.0 employing Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA). The findings implied the existence of significant relationships between familiarity with Industry 5.0 and quality performances through certain mediating variables. Additionally, a difference was established between the two groups of countries: High Familiarity Level and Low Familiarity Level. These conclusions benefit SMEs by facilitating change and technology adaptation. Positive perceptions drive the gradual adoption of digitalisation, boosting competitiveness through agility, innovation, and efficiency. The research offers insights for practitioners and policymakers to enhance SMEs’ competitiveness in Industry 5.0.

Small Rural Farm‑Support Agribusiness: Strategies to Survive and Thrive. Case Studies from New Zealand

This research explored the characteristics of small, rural, farm-support agribusinesses (SRFSAs) using 12 case studies in Canterbury, New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 SRFSA owner-managers to identify the important industry characteristics they possess, the challenges they face, and the resilience strategies they deploy for survival. The study revealed that vital industry characteristics include community relationships, community infrastructure, the supply of suitable labour, and the surrounding land-use. SRFSAs confrount challenges related to seasonality, specialized assets, labour, finances, and regulation. Crucial for survival is the owner-manager, including their background and skillset, their focus on operational excellence, and their ability to develop robust strategy.

Study on the Optimization Strategy of Chinese Film Ticket Price Pricing

Film, as an important cultural industry and entertainment mode, has developed over the years and formed a relatively complete industrial chain. However, in the long-term development process, movie ticket pricing has always been a hot issue that has attracted much attention. In recent years, China's film market has shown a trend of rapid development, and the box office has repeatedly reached a new high, but the level of movie ticket prices has also been rising, which has triggered widespread social concern and discussion.Research and optimization of movie ticket pricing strategy is of great significance to improve the competitiveness of the movie market and promote the sustainable development of the movie industry.This paper first reviews the current research status of the predecessors, summarizes the relevant theoretical basis needed for the study, analyzes the existing problems in movie ticket pricing, conducts an analysis of the change in domestic ticket prices and compares it with international prices, and finally concludes with an optimal strategy.

Fe(II)-Catalyzed Recrystallization Drives Phosphorus and Aluminum Release from Goethite.

Goethite often harbors impurities, such as phosphorus (P) and aluminum (Al), which are incorporated into its structure through direct substitution or coprecipitation with nanocrystalline phases. Understanding the processes that drive the release of P and Al from goethite is of paramount importance for the iron ore industry and for managing nutrient and pollutant behavior in the environment. This study investigates the impact of Fe(II)-catalyzed recrystallization on the release of P and Al from goethite. We evaluated the solubility and extractability of P and Al in suspensions of Al- and P-coprecipitated goethite, treated with 57Fe-enriched Fe(II)aq under oxygen-free conditions for 30 days at neutral pH and room temperatures. The addition of Fe(II)aq induced the recrystallization of goethite dominant initial synthetic phases (i.e., low P- and Al-containing phases) and the transformation of higher P- and/or Al-bearing starting material that was actually a mixture of goethite and minor amounts of lepidocrocite and feroxyhyte. Our results reveal that Fe(II)-catalyzed mineral and structural evolution led to the repartitioning of P and, to a lesser extent, Al throughout the crystal structure, mineral surface, and aqueous solution. Following a 30 day reaction with Fe(II)aq, we extracted approximately 80, 68.8, 73.9, and 83.2% of P from P-only, low, medium, and high P + Al goethite, respectively. Additionally, we observed total Al removals of approximately 17, 27, and 25% from low, medium, and high P + Al goethite, respectively. The results demonstrate that treating both P-only and P + Al goethite with Fe(II) at room temperature, followed by a 24 h extraction using 1 M NaOH, significantly enhances the overall extractability of P and Al, including both aqueous and surface-adsorbed fractions, compared to Fe(II)-free controls. These findings advance our understanding of the recrystallization process and impurity substitution in goethite, offering promising avenues for developing new environmentally friendly methods to extract P and other impurities from goethitic iron ores at lower temperatures.

Going Underground: The Author’s Body and the Mining Workplace in the Writing about Miners in Modern China

Abstract This article highlights the author’s body and its physical experience in labor history, by a focus on their historical implication for the emergence of writings about miners in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth century China. Miners and their workplace entered Chinese textual and pictorial representations at the turn of the twentieth century, as a result of the growing importance of the mining industry, the dissemination of new mining knowledge, and the formation of new social groups. Later in the 1920s, literary movements tied up with the revolutionary agenda under the influence of Marxism brought new conceptualizations of miners’ position in society and their relationship with intellectuals. When authors turned to write about miners in the late 1920s and early 1930s, they chose to legitimize their writing by descending into mine shafts to acquire the experience in the underground mining workplace and to incorporate the bodily experience into their writings. The mining lamp in texts and images from this period provides a prime example to illustrate how the author’s experience in the underground mine was embodied in the author’s and the miner’s corporeal visions and contributed a new way of seeing and representing miners. Drawing upon materials about miners of various genres, this article reveals the formulation of Chinese visual modernity within Chinese social interactions and brings the author’s body into labor history by calling attention to both its material presence in the workplace and its agentic power to inscribe workers.

Acetone Sensors Based on Al-Coated and Ni-Doped Copper Oxide Nanocrystalline Thin Films.

Acetone detection is of significant importance in various industries, from cosmetics to pharmaceuticals, bioengineering, and paints. Sensor manufacturing involves the use of different semiconductor materials as well as different metals for doping and functionalization, allowing them to achieve advanced or unique properties in different sensor applications. In the healthcare field, these sensors play a crucial role in the non-invasive diagnosis of various diseases, offering a potential way to monitor metabolic conditions by analyzing respiration. This article presents the synthesis method, using chemical solutions and rapid thermal annealing technology, to obtain Al-functionalized and Ni-doped copper oxide (Al/CuO:Ni) nanostructured thin films for biosensors. The nanocrystalline thin films are subjected to a thorough characterization, with examination of the morphological properties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results reveal notable changes in the surface morphology and structure following different treatments, providing insight into the mechanism of function and selectivity of these nanostructures for gases and volatile compounds. The study highlights the high selectivity of developed Al/CuO:Ni nanostructures towards acetone vapors at different concentrations from 1 ppm to 1000 ppm. Gas sensitivity is evaluated over a range of operating temperatures, indicating optimum performance at 300 °C and 350 °C with the maximum sensor signal (S) response obtained being 45% and 50%, respectively, to 50 ppm gas concentration. This work shows the high potential of developed technology for obtaining Al/CuO:Ni nanostructured thin films as next-generation materials for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of acetone sensors for practical applications as breath detectors in biomedical diagnostics, in particular for diabetes monitoring. It also emphasizes the importance of these sensors in ensuring industrial safety by preventing adverse health and environmental effects of exposure to acetone.

СВІТОВІ ТРЕНДИ У АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДІВНІЙ ГАЛУЗІ: УРОКИ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДУВАННЯ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article demonstrates that the automotive industry is a significant component of the global economy due to its overall market volume, contribution to GDP, and the number of employed workers. The importance of the automotive industry has prompted an exploration of current global trends in the automotive industry. The trends identified include the development of 'green' technologies in the context of addressing climate change, the rise of 'green' protectionism, and the intensification of economic rivalry between China and Western countries. Other trends encompass the proliferation of autonomous vehicles based on the advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, the integration of cars into the broader network of connected devices within the Internet of Things and cloud technologies, the increased concentration of global value chains, the growth of the sharing economy, urbanization, and the development of urban transport. Furthermore, there is a heightened emphasis on the safety of vehicles, along with regulatory frameworks addressing these requirements. The emergence and development of individual flying devices as alternative modes of transportation are also noteworthy trends. With the aim of assessing the relevance of these trends for Ukraine and their implementation, manifestations of these trends in Ukraine have been evaluated. It has been shown that the most pronounced manifestations include the increased concentration of global value chains and urbanization along with the development of urban transport. To assess the prospects for further development of the examined trends in Ukraine, an evaluation of the readiness of the Ukrainian economy to implement these trends in the automotive industry is presented. The analysis reveals that the Ukrainian economy is most prepared for trends such as the development of 'green' technologies in the context of combating climate change and the growth of the sharing economy. It is shown that the trends in automotive engineering both present opportunities and pose threats to domestic car manufacturers. The composition of these opportunities and threats is outlined. Explored opportunities are mainly associated with the emergence of additional market segments, a stable demand pattern, and the creation of additional economic advantages. The presented threats are mostly linked to changes in demand structure and the insufficient competitiveness of Ukrainian automobile manufacturers in the global market. Factors limiting the opportunities of Ukrainian automotive manufacturers are identified, and the consequences of these factors are demonstrated, ultimately leading to the insufficient competitiveness of Ukrainian producers, an inability to scale production, and difficulties in technical upgrading. The results of the article are of interest for shaping the development of the automotive industry in Ukraine.

The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Meat Products, Not Just as Starter Cultures.

Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are microorganisms of significant scientific and industrial importance and have great potential for application in meat and meat products. This comprehensive review addresses the main characteristics of LABs, their nutritional, functional, and technological benefits, and especially their importance not only as starter cultures. LABs produce several metabolites during their fermentation process, which include bioactive compounds, such as peptides with antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory properties. These metabolites present several benefits as health promoters but are also important from a technological point of view. For example, bacteriocins, organic acids, and other compounds are of great importance, whether from a sensory or product quality or a safety point of view. With the production of GABA, exopolysaccharides, antioxidants, and vitamins are beneficial metabolites that influence safety, technological processes, and even health-promoting consumer benefits. Despite the benefits, this review also highlights that some LABs may present virulence properties, requiring critical evaluation for using specific strains in food formulations. Overall, this review hopes to contribute to the scientific literature by increasing knowledge of the various benefits of LABs in meat and meat products.

ORGANOPHILIC BENTONITES OF UKRAINE. 1. SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF PRODUCTION. THE MECHANISM OF ORGANOPHILIZATION OF THE SURFACE

In connection with the inevitable integration of Ukraine into the EU and the discovery of new deposits of high-quality bentonite clays in Ukraine, the issues of studying, developing and industrially producing organophilic bentonites — analogues of foreign trademarks Bentone, Geltone, Petrotone — are becoming especially relevant. Without structuring additives of such bentones, the normal functioning is impossible of the most important industries: automotive, paint and varnish, petrochemical, oil producing, rubber, foundry, mechanical engineering, cosmetics, etc. This work is intended for the first time in Ukraine to lay the scientific foundations for obtaining such materials based on local mineral raw materials. For this purpose, the adsorption of a number of cationic surfactants (quaternary alkylammonium salts) on 4 montmorillonites of bentonite deposits in Ukraine and its effect on the stability, electrosurface and rheological properties of mineral aqueous dispersions were studied. Based on the obtained X-ray data and the dependences of adsorption, z-potential and yield point of dispersions on the concentration of surfactants, the mechanism of surface organophilization was clarified and optimal conditions for modifying montmorillonites for obtaining structure-forming agents for organic media were determined. It was shown that montmorillonite from the Neporotovskoye deposit is the most promising for this purpose. Bibl. 48, Fig. 12, Tab. 6.

Ship visual trajectory exploitation via an ensemble instance segmentation framework

Maritime traffic safety is of utmost importance in the shipping industry. It is common to avoid potential traffic accident via the support of varied kinematic maritime data (e.g., ship position, ship speed). The study aims to fulfill maritime traffic safety enhancement by extracting multiple ship trajectories from maritime video data. The proposed framework is implemented with three steps. Firstly, the framework obtains initial ship imaging positions by proposing an ensemble YOLOX (You Only Look Once X) with CenterNet model. Secondly, ship contours from each maritime frame are explored with the deep snake module. Thirdly, consecutive ship imaging trajectory is identified with an enhanced Bytetrack multi-ship target tracking algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms other ship trajectory extraction-like models considering that the identification F-Score (IDF1), IDP (identification Precision), IDR (identification recall), and MOTA (multi-object tracking accuracy) for our proposed framework were 0.965, 0.995, 0.933, and 0.925, respectively. The research findings can help ship crew better aware on-site traffic situations, and thus make optimal ship maneuvering operations for the purpose of enhancing maritime traffic system safety and sustainability.

Bioprospecting for sustainable and eco-friendly bioproducts: A case study of multi-enzyme production by soil microbes

Microbial multi-enzyme production is a promising research area involving microbes that can simultaneously synthesize numerous enzymes for the degradation of substrates with environmental sustainability and other industrial applications as the focus. During this study, we isolated, screened, and identified some multi-enzyme-producing microbes from three soil sites in Ibadan: Apete Dumpsite (ADS); Botanical Garden University of Ibadan- (BGUI); and Eleyele Cassava Processing Field- (ECPF). Precisely 500 g of soil were collected per point at different depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) and further analyzed. The microbial load and type and enzyme assays were determined. The highest average microbial count (6.9 × 108 CFU/g) was recorded in the ECPF soil sample at 0–10 cm depth, while the lowest microbial count of 3.3 × 105 CFU/g at 20–30 cm soil depth in BGUI. Multi-enzyme-producing microbes were identified phenotypically and molecularly. This study revealed an inverse relationship between microbial community composition and soil depth. Bacterial and fungal genera had higher species richness, biodiversity, and evenness than yeast from all sampled points. With significant amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic, cellulolytic, and pectinolytic activities, 22 of the 193 isolates were identified as multienzyme producers. The blasted 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA amplicon sequences compared with sequences in the NCBI gene bank identified Bacillus, Roseomonas, Aeromonas, Phanerochaete, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trametes, and Rigidoporus species. Results from this study show that topsoils (0–10 cm), rich with organic matter, are good reservoirs of multienzyme-producing microorganisms- applicable for environmental sustainability and in other important industries for waste management, food processing, and biomaterial production.