Import Substitution Research Articles

Management of High-Tech Companies in Conditions of Import Substitution

Management of High-Tech Companies in Conditions of Import Substitution

Import Substitution of Automated Project Management Systems for Software Development at High-Tech Enterprises

Import Substitution of Automated Project Management Systems for Software Development at High-Tech Enterprises

Тенденции развития рынка масличных культур и основные меры государственной поддерж-ки отечественной селекции в современных геополитических условиях

The article presents the preliminary results of 2023 in production and promotion of oil crops under foreign trade restrictions, sanctions pressure and import sub-stitution in the market of seeds of major agricultural crops. Currently, key measures of the state regulation of the development of Russian breeding include: the Federal scientific and technical program of agricultural development for 2017–2030, the new Federal Law “About Seed Production”, rules for localization of production, temporary restrictions on the import of certain types of seeds of agricultural plants on the territory of the Russian Federation, and the provision of subsidies for the renewal of the material and technical base. The state is taking comprehensive measures to stimulate seed breeding programs and support consumers of products of the fat and oil industry.

Externalities of Sanctions Impact on Russian Economy

The work reveals the economic motives for decision-making by the leading world powers and the features of the development of the Russian national economy in the context of measures taken by the Government of the country in the conditions of a changing geopolitical reality. The emphasis is made on the need to manage the risks of foreign economic activity after the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions by unfriendly countries with developed economies. The degree of dependence of the Russian Federation on high-tech goods, components, software and at the same time low diversification of production for the main export items has been revealed. Promising markets for export goods and potential importers as well as partner countries for the development of mutual trade in products and services have been identified. Acceptable solutions and current anti-crisis support measures from the state in the form of subsidizing lending rates, creating “new growth points” in the economy by allocating funds for import substitution programs, etc. are outlined. An assessment of the possible damage to several friendly countries from the attempt to economically isolate one of the world’s largest economies has been completed. The countries of Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America are considered the main regions for the future development of international cooperation. The BRICS bloc for Russia is becoming a key integration association in terms of transforming industrial, logistics and financial chains in the global economic space. As a result, constructive conclusions about the need to use diplomatic measures to maintain neutrality and create interstate agreements that contribute to a more intensive opening of the internal markets of friendly countries for the development of mutual trade in raw materials and high-tech goods are given.

Investigating the Nexus between Inward Foreign Direct Investment and Capital Goods Imports: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

This research found the empirical analysis between capital goods imports and inward foreign direct investment (FDI) of Pakistan by applying the annual time series data from 1975 to 2020. The importance of this area of research arises from its role in the balance of payments by incorporating foreign direct investment in the capital goods import demand model. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique is used to estimate the long run relationship between dependent and independent variables. Furthermore, fully modified least square (FMOLS) and Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) techniques are also applied to check the robustness of the estimated long-run results. The findings indicate that capital goods import is positively influenced by foreign direction in the case of Pakistan. Moreover, domestic income, and relative price both have theoretically correct signs. On the other hand, the coefficient of export is negatively associated with import demand, which means that capital goods imports are not used in the promotion of export growth in Pakistan. We recommend that an import substitution policy should be encouraged to divert FDI toward the promotion of export growth and hence reduce the trade deficit in Pakistan.

Постиндустриальная парадигма промышленной политики в современной России: перспективы и противоречия реиндустриализации

The article analyzes the contradictions and prospects of the process of re-industrialization as an expression of industrial policy in the modern Russian state. The article compares the conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the essence of post-industrial economic development that have been developed in the Western tradition. The concepts of “post-industrialism” and “re-industrialism” are characterized as close in meaning and origins, but at the same time containing fundamental differences. They are related to the globalist neoliberal orientation of the theory of post-industrial society, which questions the value and content of the sovereign national way of economic and political development. The author of the article proposes a number of imperatives of re-industrialization, following which will ensure the continuity and efficiency of import substitution, as well as the restoration of industrial potential, taking into account the introduction of the latest scientific and technological domestic developments. The key point of the state industrial policy, based on the understanding of the role of knowledge in production and social sphere, is to provide institutional conditions for reindustrialization, its legal strengthening and development of a system of risk mitigation for private business as a way to stimulate investment in innovation.

Import Substitution Potential in the Weaving Industry of Azerbaijan

Import Substitution Potential in the Weaving Industry of Azerbaijan

Application of fungicides in the vegetative stage of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]: Mini-review

The significant growth of soybean cultivation [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], and the expansion of agriculture throughout Brazil, which occurred during the period of evidence of the industrial policy of import substitution, placed the product as an ideal crop to supply the global demand was growing. Several diseases have already been reported in soybeans, but the incidence and severity depend on some factors, such as climate, cultivars, pathogen inoculum potential, soil structure and fertility, and plant vigor, among others. The disease scenario in soybean crops in Brazil has been changing every year, with an increase in the severity of some diseases, both in the aerial part and those caused by soil-dwelling fungi. The use of resistant cultivars can be adopted and is the most efficient way to control diseases. However, even with adequate management, it is necessary to apply fungicides. For more efficient disease management, it is important to know the effectiveness of the main fungicides used in the crop, in terms of their ability to reduce the progress of the disease in the field; selecting the most efficient fungicides for management. The results of the study demonstrated that fungicides positioned in different application programs reduce the incidence of fungal diseases and improve productivity.

Feasibility of production and marketing chicken meat with foreign investment, for import substitution in the Mayabeque´s province.

Este trabajo, tiene como objeto de estudio la factibilidad de la producción de carne de pollo con inversión extranjera para la sustitución de importaciones en la provincia de Mayabeque, y propone una Ficha de Oportunidad de Negocio mediante la creación de una empresa mixta para su producción y comercialización. Como punto culminante de la investigación se demuestran los beneficios asociados a la ejecución del proyecto y la conveniencia del mismo para el país, empleando para ello indicadores de evaluación financiera universalmente reconocidos. El sustento teórico del estudio es aportado mediante la realización de un análisis bibliográfico previo, en el que se exploran los principales exponentes de la literatura especializada en el tema

Аналіз імпортозалежності та інституційне забезпечення селективного імпортозаміщення на агропродовольчих ринках України в умовах нестабільності

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of indicators of import dependence of the national economy and agro-food markets in the context of a security approach. The trends of import consumption in the agricultural and food sectors in peacetime and wartime, the influence of imports on the functioning of relevant markets, as an analytical basis for the strategy of selective import substitution, are established. An analysis of institutional support in the sphere of import substitution was carried out; it was established that it does not have sufficient legal and instrumental support. The expediency of introducing selective import substitution as one of the directions of neo-protectionism policy is substantiated. The basic characteristics of the concept of selective import substitution in relevant markets, which contains target mechanisms and measures, have been developed, directions for institutional modernization of the sphere of import substitution in markets have been proposed.

Оценка перспектив вовлечения территорий упраздненных поселений в туристско-рекреационное хозяйство (на примере Республики Карелия)

This article emphasizes the relevance of exploring import substitution strategies in the Russian tourism and recreational market. Special attention is given to the need to satisfy the demand for unique travel experiences. As it is necessary to integrate unused territories into the economy, the article proposes to increase the involvement of abandoned settlements in the tourism and recreational sector. To identify the most promising villages, a goal was set to develop and test a scoring scale based on the system of indicators proposed by the authors. The Republic of Karelia was chosen as the research site. Criteria were identified to determine the attractiveness and feasibility of including abandoned settlements in tour itineraries. Based on these criteria, villages such as Keret, Loushki, Pulozero, Pegrema, Kashalilamba, Lagilamba, Kharitonova Gora, Gafostrof Rebolskoy, and Kolodozero were selected. Using the assessment system presented in the article, these villages were assigned points, and the integral indicator was calculated. The results show that Keret, Gafostrof Rebolskoy, Kashalilamba, Kakkarovo, and Pegrema are the most promising ones, which is confirmed by practice: Keret, Gafostrof Rebolskoy, and Pegrema have already been included in tour itineraries. Future research prospects involve improving the presented methodology, as it requires adaptation to factor in individual socio-economic and natural characteristics of other regions. It is also possible to expand the list of factors influencing the attractiveness of abandoned settlements. Theoretical developments in this direction can serve as a basis for the successful integration of abandoned villages in the tourism and recreational market in the Russian North.

Socio-Economic Development of Russia in 2023–2025: Growth Trend Continues

The article examines the results of the socio-economic development of Russia in 2023, analyzes trends and provides forecasts for the strategic development of the national economy as a whole and its leading industries for 2024–2025, using mathematical and statistical methods.Based on macroeconomic statistics, a comparative analysis of development trends in the Russian and world economies is carried out, primarily in terms of such key development indicators as gross domestic product (GDP), industrial production, investment, inflation, and foreign trade. The authors identified bottlenecks and assessed the impact of new strategic initiatives on forecasts of socio-economic development in the period under review. The shortcomings of the current management system are analyzed, and measures aimed at overcoming the structural crisis are proposed. The need to improve state socio-economic policy is substantiated.It is noted that the Russian economy, despite the strengthening of sanctions by the collective West, has increased the sustainability of its development and the level of technological and scientific sovereignty. The article highlights shortcomings and a number of unresolved issues of import substitution and imperfect logistics of production and foreign economic relations, which create threats of decline of GDP and the level of technological sovereignty in the future.The paper substantiates the possibility of transforming all sectors and spheres of the national economy when implementing the plan presented in the Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly.

Статистические методы в оценке влияния промышленного развития на экономическую безопасность региона

in the current geopolitical situation, the need to strengthen the national security of the Russian Federation and reduce social tension requires the state to actively search for new opportunities for economic development – a key factor ensuring the well-being of the country's population. Industrial sovereignty in this difficult period for modern Russia is one of the necessary conditions for maintaining economic security and reducing social tension in the state. The presented article describes the characteristics of the industries of the subsidized region and examines their importance for the economic security of the country. Objective: to analyze the state of industries in the subsidized region (manufacturing and agriculture) in the context of import substitution and sanctions pressure. Methods: when writing the work, the method of analyzing normative legal documents, statistical data and scientific literature was used. During the study, the level of development of manufacturing industries in the Tambov region was estimated according to statistical observation; the level of development of agriculture in the Tambov region was estimated according to statistical observation; correlation and regression analysis was carried out and a regression model was built to assess the degree of influence of the level of development of the components of the real sector of the economy on the gross regional product - the main macroeconomic indicator characterizing the production process goods and services in the subject of the Russian Federation. Results: a correlation and regression analysis was carried out and a regression model of the influence of industries on the level of economic development of the subsidized region was constructed. Conclusion: based on the results of the study, possible ways to eliminate the identified problems and strengthen the industrial sovereignty of the state are proposed.

Municipality manufacturing agglomerations unveiled: Exploring spatial structural transformation in Mexico under import substitution and trade liberalisation

This paper conducts a comprehensive long-run analysis of the global spatial concentration and locational dynamics of manufacturing agglomerations in Mexico. While prior research on Mexico has examined the impact of trade liberalisation on processes of regional convergence or divergence, effects on the scale, location and dynamics of agglomerations and local specialisation remain underexplored. To address this gap in the literature, we use a newly-collated municipality-level dataset containing more granular data distinct from more frequently used state-level data. Our analysis spans the period 1950–2019, capturing the full extent of the growing importance of the manufacturing sector and providing a nuanced perspective on the evolution of agglomerations and local specialisation patterns. We investigate shifts in agglomeration during import substitution and following the introduction of trade liberalisation, examining whether new agglomerations emerged or existing ones attracted further economic activity and how these changes impacted local specialisation. In extension, we also examine recent trends, assessing the persistence or alteration of agglomeration dominance in the north of the country. In doing so, our analysis provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of agglomerations and local specialisation and their significance in shaping regional disparities.

Mitumba: second-hand clothing industry in Kenya. A blessing or a curse?

Kenya is one of the leading SHC importers in Africa. The aborted import substitution industrialisation, the liberalisation of the economy, and the failure of the domestic textile industry led to the SHC trade surge, which is the direct product of the global (ultra)fast fashion linear business model. SHC industry is beneficial for the economy and the people of Kenya due to job creation, income and revenue generation, and the provision of affordable clothing. However, it has detrimental impact on the environment and the local textile/fashion industry. To maintain the benefits and reduce the negative effects, it is important not to completely eliminate it. In the short run, quantity should be decreased, and the quality should be improved to reduce waste. In the long run, there should be a gradual decrease and eventually elimination of second-hand clothing imports, depending on the revitalization of domestic garment industry.

Trade Specialization Dynamics in a Small Open Resource-Based Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence from Botswana

ABSTRACT We analyze trade specialization dynamics in Botswana, applying the Galtonian regression and Markov matrix on the Lafay index for the period of 1998 to 2019. Galtonian regressions reveal de-specialization – Botswana gained a comparative advantage in industries for which it was initially not specialized and became less competitive in industries for which it was initially specialized. The industry hierarchy was altered only slightly due to persistence in trade specialization patterns. The Markov matrix reveals stronger upward industry mobility than downward industry mobility. De-specialization suggests slow-paced economic diversification, induced by import substitution in de-specialized industries, rather than by an expanding export base.

Инновационный потенциал регионов арктической зоны Российской Федерации: состояние и пространственная дифференциация

The article considers the components of the innovation potential of Russian regions that are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone. The purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate the state and dynamics of innovative development of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The methodology for calculating the composite index of innovative development is proposed. The calculations are made on the basis of the database formed by the authors, which consists of four blocks; the main conclusions on the blocks are formed. According to the composite index for the period 20152021, the leading positions are occupied by the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic, and the Republics of Karelia, Sakha (Yakutia) and Komi in terms of the index growth rate. The study of the state, dynamics and level of innovation development in the regions of the AZRF shows that some components of innovation potential are unevenly developed in the regions that are fully or partially included in the AZRF. At the same time, the regions differ in the dynamics of innovative development. Thus, the worst indicators of innovative development in accordance with the proposed methodology are observed in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Chukotka and Nenets Autonomous okrugs. The high correlation between the composite index of innovative development and indicators of socio-economic development of the regions revealed by the authors characterizes the positive impact of innovation activity on the socio-economic development of the AZRF subjects. In this regard, the key recommendations are the following: improvement of legislative support for the formation of eco-industrial, tourist zones, innovation sites and cluster formations in the Arctic territory within the framework of testing new formats of economic intensification of the Russian Arctic regions; formation of a macro-regional register of suppliers of innovative products for the projects of residents of the AZRF with the distribution of preferential measures of a special economic and administrative regime. The prospects of the research are related to the study of critical vulnerabilities in the production and technological processes of the sectors of specialization of the Arctic regions in import substitution.

Управление горнопромышленными отходами арктических промышленных предприятий: охрана окружающей среды и экономика производства

The problems of mining waste management at industrial enterprises and increasing the economy of production are among the most urgent ones, especially for the Arctic ecosystems, characterized by high sensitivity to external factors and the complexity of recovery. The research was conducted on the example of large industrial corporations directly operating in the Arctic, including PJSC PhosAgro, PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, Severstal Resource division of PJSC Severstal and PJSC NOVATEK. The key indicators related to waste management for 20182022 were analyzed. The trend of increasing volumes of mining waste in the Arctic was revealed, while the level of its utilization remained practically unchanged. It is proposed to intensify scientific research in the field of rational use of mining waste and to develop technologies for their processing, taking into account the impact on the Arctic ecosystems. It is suggested to create research and production centers for each industrial enterprise using the experience of the balanced “triple helix” model. It is recommended to actively participate in the Interdepartmental Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the development of the mineral resource base and its rational use, created in 2023, to develop the scientific foundations for the extraction and processing of minerals and accelerate import substitution.

Практические аспекты сохранения стандартов качества обработки изделий медицинского назначения в условиях импортозамещения. Экономическая целесообразность

The article was prepared on the basis of a report made at the scientific and practical conference «Organization of deratization measures in modern conditions, topical issues of disinfection activities in the conditions of medical organizations of various profiles,» held May 15-16, 2024 in St. Petersburg. Despite the wide range of products for PSOs manufactured by foreign industry, at present, special attention is paid to the development of import substitutes and high-quality pre-sterilization cleaning. The experience of using new domestic means «Neodezin F» and «Neodezin N» for carrying out PSO by mechanized method in the disinfection-washing machine Miele PG 8536 is presented. Keywords: dental clinic, dental care for the population, non-specific prevention of infections associated with the provision of medical care, central sterilization department, import substitution, disinfection and washing machine, testing of Neodesin F and Neodesin N products for PSO, quality control of pre-sterilization treatment.

Competitiveness Strategy of South Korean Cosmetic Brands: Current Practices and Opportunities for Russian Cosmetic Brands

This study analyzes place, trends and competitiveness of the South Korean cosmetics brands to identify opportunities for the Russian cosmetics brands, whose country has suffered from a large trade deficit in the cosmetics industry despite the government’s vigorous attempts in implementing import substitution policies. We constructed the econometric models (with ordinary least square, weighted least square and robust least square estimators) of the cosmetics brands’ competitiveness by employing the endogenous factors of Porter’s diamond model, which are comprised of firm factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and strategy, structure and rivalry. From the regression analysis, it is revealed that the brand diversification, expansion of e-commerce sales and improvement of governance quality are factors that drive up sales revenues of a cosmetic company. The follow-up comparative analysis between Russian and South Korean companies allowed us to substantiate that the main factors causing the gap between Russian and South Korean cosmetic brands are e-commerce strategies and the efficiency of the governmental system. Russian cosmetic companies should construct stable global and domestic supply chain and expand contact points with foreign customers through big data analysis and development of customized product portfolio. Furthermore, the government is recommended to implement digital services and construct a data-sharing ecosystem to enhance efficiencies of the business process.