Agricultural Import Substitution Research Articles

Trends in the development of industries and sectors of the Russian economy in the context of sanctions, import substitution and the concept of sustainable development

This article reveals the current problems of the development of industries and sectors of the country’s economy in the conditions of sanctions pressure, import substitution, the development of the concept of sustainable development. The authors analyzed the problems associated with the modernization of housing and communal services, renovation, import substitution in agriculture and the electrical industry, the production of domestic asynchronous motors for Russian electric trains.The question of the influence of the «green» economy on the development of light industry, the development of domestic fertilizers and plant protection products is raised, the positive experience of the development of the «BioMicroGels» company in the conditions of sanctions, sustainable development and import substitution programs is given.

Analysis of the resource potential of digitalization in Russian agriculture

The paper is devoted to the study of the results and features of the process of import substitution in agriculture of the Russian Federation. Based on the use of time series analysis methods, calculation of structure indicators, comparison and differentiation indicators, trends were revealed towards an increase in the volume of production of main import-substituting products, a decrease in the share of imports in the resources of products, and an increase in the self-sufficiency ratio for a number of products. Particular attention is paid to the factors that limit the effectiveness of import substitution, such as the insufficient development of breeding and seed production in Russia, the high proportion of intermediate consumption of the cost of digital equipment and software of foreign production, insufficient funding from the government, the low level of income of producers and the unavailability of credit resources for implementation of the transition to modern production technologies in order to increase it on the basis of domestic resources.

The Mechanism Of Interaction Of Priorities Of Food Provision And Strategies For The Development Of The Agro-Industrial Complex

The article considers the mechanism of interaction of priorities of food provision and strategies for the development of the agro-industrial complex. The notion “imported food” as well as positive and negative consequences of this policy impact on the national economy, as a whole. Herewith, it considers the interrelation between pursuing the policy of import substitution in agriculture and food safety of regions. The author considers the essence of the notion “food provision”, as well as questions and criteria related to ensuring food safety on the level of the region. When defining the basic goals of the import substitution policy to ensure food safety, the author analyze the areas of improving the doctrine of food safety used within the import substitution policy to ensure food safety of the country.

IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ON THE MARKET OF UKRAINE

Background. Today, Ukraine’s agriculture is one of the most export-oriented sectors of the economy. The export of crop products, most notably, grain crops, is espe­cially successful. Population growth in most countries of the world, as well as climate change, accelerate the growth of demand for agricultural products. However, amid the constant growth in exports of crop products, there is a gradual increase in imports of live­stock products. Also, there is an increasing demand in Ukraine for certain types of crop products that are not grown in the country. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that mostly resear­chers study certain issues of imports of agricultural products, which are lacking in the domestic agricultural market. The aim of the article is toanalyze the level of import dependence of the main types of livestock and crop products and justify ways to reduce it in modern conditions. Materials and methods.The article uses general scientific research methods: system and complex analysis, synthesis and abstraction, as well as the index method. Results. The general rates of product import indicate a rather high import depen­dence of Ukraine in livestock production, which constitutes 12 % only for meat. The most critical situation with import dependence is regarding fish and fish products with a 70–76 % import rate. As for crop production, the most critical import dependence is in fruits, berries, and grapes, where it ranges from 35 % to 42 %. To accelerate the process of import substitution in Ukrainian agriculture, it is proposed to increase the volume of cultivation of the relevant types of domestic products, to form a flexible system of tariff and non-tariff regulation of imports and exports of agricultural products, to grow and promote substitutes and domestic analogs, to minimize Ukraine’s dependence on agricultural products of critical imports. Conclusion. The expediency of import substitution in agriculture is based on ensu­ring food, and hence economic security of our state, as well as on preserving existing and creating new jobs not only in agriculture but also in other related sectors of the economy. Import substitution allows to leave the corresponding financial resources in the country and to create added value, primarily, in agriculture. As a result, the competitiveness of domestic farmers and the efficiency of their activities increase, and the domestic agricultural market becomes more stable and predictable.

New columnar apple hybrdids of VNIISPK breeding

Within the framework of updating import substitution in agriculture, the issue of creating adaptive, competitive and suitable for intensive gardening apple cultivars is acute. VNIISPK conducts selection for the creation of columnar apple cultivars that meet the requirements of modern market. As a result of purposeful crosses of columnar cultivars of scab immunity donors and diploid gamete donors, a series of hybrids was obtained. 9 analyzed families have 595 seedlings, of which 299 have columnar habitus (50.3%). Among columnar seedlings, 38 seedlings are diploid (2x) and have immunity to scab (Vf), 47 seedlings are triploids (3x), but have only field resistance to scab, 98 seedlings combine in their genotype a triple set of chromosomes and immunity to scab (Vf). Preliminary data on the study of economically valuable features of columnar seedlings by employees of the Apple breeding laboratory of VNIISPK were allocated to select forms of 8 hybrids: from families [Vostorg x 25-37-45 (4x) (Orlovskaya Girlyanda x Wealthy tetraploid - 3 seedlings, [Poezia x 30-47-88 (4x) (Liberty x 13-6-106 (S. Suvorovetz)]- 4 seedlings, [(22-26-124 (Wealthy x OR38T17) x Poezia] - 1 seedling.

The Import Substitution of Agricultural Products in Russia

ABSTRACT The article considers Russia’s import substitution strategy, which has faced criticism in the twentieth and twenty-first century. However, after the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009, and in the context of a new phase of globalization in the 2010s, the import substitution strategy gained a renewed interest among developed economies. Unlike most countries that adopted import substitution strategies in the industrial sector to accelerate industrialization, Russia implemented import substitution most successfully in its agricultural sector, which makes the Russian case unique. The article considers the theoretical aspects of the import substitution strategy and examines the current state and future prospects of Russia’s agricultural import substitution policy. The analysis of Russia’s foreign trade in agricultural products has shown that following the implementation of the import substitution strategy, the negative trade balance of agricultural products fell significantly, while the share of agricultural exports expanded. With the implementation of import substitution, the development of agricultural production in Russia has shown positive dynamics. Based on the statistical analysis of Russia’s foreign trade for 2001–2017, there is a clear trend toward an increase in the share of agricultural products in the total volume of exports. The major problems and prospects of agricultural import substitution in Russia are identified. The main task of import substitution in Russia’s agricultural sector is not only to increase production volumes, but to improve competitiveness in both the domestic and foreign markets, which will facilitate the transition to a diversified export-oriented economy.

Import substitution trends in agriculture of the Russian regions

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the importance of the agricultural industry for the development of the Russian economy and the need to determine the results of state support for modernization and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex. Since at the present stage government regulation includes protectionist policy instruments leading to import substitution in the industry, it is also relevant to study its influence in the context of the overall strategy for the development of agriculture. The problem solved in this research is in determining the trends of import substitution in agriculture in various regions of Russia. In determining sectoral peculiarities, priority is not given to the climatic or socio-economic conditions of the regions (as opposed to traditional, existing approaches) but to changes in the volume and structure of agricultural production, the ratio of export and import of industry products, changes in the volume of investment, etc., which is interpreted as the results of the state policy aimed at the development of the agro-industrial complex. When solving the tasks, we used the import load coefficients and import priority for the country as a whole, the analyzed regions’ clustering, which allowed us to identify typological groups depending on the degree and direction of development of the agricultural industry and the impact of government regulation on it. Such an analysis is based on the conclusions that the agro-industrial complex in Russia is a complex industry characterized by external economies of scale with a dynamically increasing profitability, and its sub-sectors are developing according to the “catch-up growth” scenario, the success of which is largely determined by an adequate strategy and instruments of government regulation. The proposed toolkit in the study can be used as part of monitoring the assessment of the effectiveness of the state strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex.

The Processes of Import Substitution in the Agro-Food Sphere: Success or Failure?

The article is aimed at assessing the results of the protectionist policy in the agro-food sphere. The consumer food market depends on the import substitution in agriculture. Apparantly, it is erroneous to build a modern model of the agro-food market on the basis of export of cheap agricultural raw materials (grain) and import of expensive commodities. I found evidence to support this hypothesis in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. As a method I use the tools of statistical analysis. The empirical base of the study is represented by statistical material on export, import and domestic production for the period from 2012 to 2017 both in the country and in a typical region in the context of foreign trade (Ryazan region). The results of the study have showed the imbalance and irrationality of Russian export, import, domestic production and consumption. Since August 2014 agricultural producers have received several preferences for the growth of production: an embargo on food imports, government support and the weakening of the national currency. On the other hand, consumer demand decreased due to rising prices and lower incomes. The outstripping rise in food prices and the increase in the share of food expenditures in household budgets reflect an uneven state of the market. A detailed analysis of the situation in the regional markets has shown that the decline in consumer demand and saturation of local markets with imported products leads to an escalation of the problem of domestic products sales. The results of import substitution policy at the regional level should be measured in terms of economic access to food and per capita consumption. As a tool for the regulation of agro-food markets I propose to use the model of optimal placement of agricultural production. The results of the study can be applied in the development of state economic policy for regulating agro-food markets.

Развитие сельхозпредпринимательства Воронежской области в условиях санкций: достижения и ориентиры на будущее

Since 2014, Russia has been repeatedly sanctioned by a number of foreign countries: USA, 27 countries of the European Union, Australia and the Ukraine. The sanctions were a reaction to the annexation of Crimea to Russia and become one of the causes of the financial crisis that took place in the Russian economy in 2014-2016. However, there is a number of regions and industries, which in these adverse conditions were able to achieve noticeable success and today show positive development trends. Such regions include Voronezh oblast. The article analyzes the development of the dairy industry; leaders in the production of raw milk are noted. The facts and figures of development of cattle breeding, pork production and poultry production are given. The importance of the development of the seed industry that provides economic security and high performance agriculture is noted. Progress in the development of open agriculture and greenhouse agriculture is shown. Objective goal of the region to enter foreign markets of agricultural products is especially noted, through which it is possible to replenish foreign exchange reserves of the region. The measures whose implementation will contribute to improving existing development in the area of funds are defined. The emphasis is made on the shortcomings of economic development, these include: the lack of favorable conditions for attracting investments in these sectors, appropriate level of training of personnel, development of innovative technologies. Key guidelines for the development of the region's economy in the short term are identified: improvement of the procurement system, creating a good climate for investment, construction of the plant of pelleted seed, starch and syrup production, the establishment of multi-faceted work on import substitution in agriculture. According to the authors, the taken measures will contribute to increasing productivity in agricultural industries and will allow the region to consolidate its leading position, to enter the top ten ranking of the best regions of the country.

ДОГОНЯЮЩЕЕ РАЗВИТИЕ: ОПЫТ СТРАН АСЕАН И РОССИЙСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ

The experience of catching-up development of ASEAN countries becomes valuable in the conditions of the Russian of import substitution policy and “turn to the East” in geopolitics. The objective of the paper is revealing the prospects of native catching-up development based on the analysis of theoretical aspects of the model of “flying geese” and their practical application in the ASEAN countries and Russia. The paper presents the theoretical foundations of catching-up development in the framework of the Flying Geese paradigm in the works of K. Akamatsu, R. Vernon, K. Kojima and indicates its main stages. The author reviews the measures of industrial, trade and investment policy of the ASEAN countries on the initial stages of the model and the modern aspects of their economic development. The materials of statistical reports of IMF, UNCTAD, ASEAN, the statistical data of Federal state statistics department of Russia, Federal customs department of Russia, the programs of the Russian Government in the field of import substitution are studied. The achievements and problems of implementing the programs of import substitution in agriculture, industry, IT-technologies in Russia were analyzed. The study showed the factors, hindering the domestic development in the framework of the Flying Geese paradigm. The recommendations for solving existing problems include the stimulation of aggregate demand and the development of high-tech exports. Special attention was drawn to the possibilities of applying selected elements of the model in terms of territorial heterogeneity of Russia.

MODERN AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION AND MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA

The article discusses the causes and conditions under which Russia entered a new phase of implementation of the state policy of import substitution in agriculture. In terms of Western sanctions caused by the events in Ukraine, sharp drop in oil prices and other commodity prices, Russia has found itself in a difficult economic situation. Leaders of the Russian Federation have repeatedly raised the issue of import imported food products on the domestic production, but their decision was not always positive and systematic, and only the events of recent years give us hope for positive results. The authors argue that, despite the multifactorial problem, the economic policy of import substitution in the agricultural sector has real prospects for successful implementation of programs to ensure food security of country.

THE USE OF HOME RESOURCES TO SAVE IMPORTS: A NEW LOOK

An earlier article *was concerned with the assessment of the net contribution (if any) made to the balance of payments by a marginal expansion of U.K. agricultural output. Such evidence as there is suggests that an increase in U.K. agricultural output would make a positive contribution to the Balance of Payments, though this contribution might be only about one half the value of net import saving. In addition it is necessary to compare agricultural expansion with other measures which are intended to make a positive contribution to the Balance of Payments. The purpose of this article is to re‐examine the theoretical ideas behind the argument for using home resources to save imports. This argument was first put forward in the early 1950's and was concerned primarily with agricultural import saving and export promotion as alternative methods of alleviating the contemporary Balance of Payments problem. The argument has become relevant once again with the current proposal for further agricultural expansion to aid the U.K. Balance of Payments. A new method of presentation is employed which it is hoped adds clarity to the exposition. In addition it is suggested that the theory behind this argument is inadequate from the point of view of its application to agricultural import saving: agricultural import substitution gives a country only the potential to turn the terms of trade in its favour. A necessary second stage in the process—the realisation of this potential—seems to have been overlooked by previous writers. The theory is also considered under an assumption of flexible exchange rates, and it is argued that the use of the exchange rate as a balancing mechanism results in a failure to exploit any inelasticity of demand for a country's exports