Implicit Structure Research Articles

The promise of potential: A study on the effectiveness of jury selection to a prestigious visual arts program

AbstractWe analyze 11 years of admission decisions to a highly selective post‐graduate visual arts program. Our unique, longitudinal data includes detailed information about the selection procedures as well as the later artistic and economic achievements for both accepted and rejected applicants (n = 8,557). Regarding the predictive value of the selection procedures on later performance, our analyses show that the largest gain made is in the first, more cursory, pre‐selection round. We find that weeding out less promising applicants is easier than identifying later top‐performers, in terms of ex‐ante expectations. The subsequent or final selection round is resource intensive and consists of several interviews with multiple jury members. Here we uncover an implicit structure of criterion variables that helps explain the ex‐post admission decisions. Our simulations show that actual selection during the final round is slightly better than alternative decision rules (including a decision by lottery) in identifying applicants' potential. Nevertheless, measured by future performance, the gain from rigorous jury assessments relative to modest and cheaper selection methods is minimal. Our conclusions are maintained under several robustness checks.

Critique of “Judgment” in Gongsun Long’s “Zhiwu lun”

This paper has attempted to characterize “Zhiwu lun” as the presentation of the incapacity of object-oriented knowledge to represent the realm of “things”, highlighting Gongsun Long’s epistemological and ontological value beyond a logical one. This paper proposes that only based upon this assumption does “Zhiwu lun” allow a thorough interpretation of “Mingshi lun”, whereby the intuitive function of “names” provides a better solution to the cognitive limits imposed by object-oriented (self-)consciousness. Methodologically, this paper mainly considers the Heidelberg School’s interpretation of Hölderlin’s critique of judgment in “Judgment and Being” to be both a complementary justification and reconstruction of the implicit structures of Gongsun Long’s view. This paper has presupposed the interpretation of Gongsun Long’s key concept of 指 as “judgment” in Hölderlin’s sense, in contrast to “things” (物) and “name” (名), then verified this hypothesis, as well as the relationships amongst these translations, by a close textual analysis and new translation of “Zhiwu lun”.

The ideals of student youth in relation to the present, possible and anti-ideal

Introduction. The study of youth ideals is of traditional interest because they provide an understanding of youth values and social orientations, which determine the choice of future and current social behaviour. Ideals are a component of a single image of the world; they are interrelated with the actual (present), possible/impossible and anti-ideal as fundamental modes of human existence. The correlation of ideals with these categories reveals their functionality as regulators of social behaviour. The theories of self-concepts and identity most fully use this system of categories. However, there is still no research of these categories as a single functioning system when studying the image of the social world of young people.Aim. The aim of the current research is to study the ideals of student youth in the context of the desired/present, possible/impossible, and permissible/unacceptable (anti-ideal).Methodology and research methods. The object of research is images of “other people” with socio-group and characteristic features, freely reproduced by students. The online study involved 284 second-year students; they reproduced 6472 images of “others” and attributed 13961 features. To identify the implicit structure of the desired categories, the respondents evaluated “others” on an ungraded scale of “Bottom” (anti-ideal) – Self – “Top” (ideal). The implicit structure includes ideals; images of the present (equivalent Self); images of the desired-possible; images of the undesirable, but possible and permissible; images of the unacceptable (anti-ideals). The author compared the ideals with other evaluative and normative categories by three parameters: 1) the frequency of actualisation in consciousness (relevance); 2) socio-group (institutional) specificity; 3) the value-added content of characteristic features.Results. The frequency of updating images was determined: ideals (7.9%), present (15.4%), desirable-possible (21.9%), undesirable, but possible and permissible (44.9%), anti-ideals (5.6%). Frequency reflects the relevance of categories in the general evaluation and regulatory system, and the probability of their occurrence in students’ minds in a situation of uncertainty. The socio-institutional specificity of ideals lies in the predominance of older and female images, images of relatives, parents and representatives of science. The priority of “loved ones” combines ideals-standards with the composition of the present, and orientation to “distant ones” as anti-ideals. It was found that the content of the ideals represents the hierarchy of personal students’ values and includes several levels: 1) central values are communicative and altruistic; they have the same frequency in all the compared categories; 2) the first level of significance is the values of knowledge; their relevance increases in terms of the possible-desired; 3) the second level is the values of achievement, struggle and risk, practical activity, physical data and comfort; their relevance increases in the samples of the possible (desirable and undesirable); 4) the third level is the values of social normativity; their relevance increases for anti-ideals. The images of the present indicate a low relevance of struggle, risk and achievements. The images of the possible correspond to ideals in the content of values, and reflect the values of the second level most specifically and differentiated. The most relevant are the samples of the undesirable possible.Scientific novelty. The values and social attributes of ideals are considered in relation to the categories of the present, possible (desirable and undesirable), anti-ideal. Quantitative relations of these categories in the current consciousness of young people are described.Practical significance. The results are useful for analysing and predicting the social behavior of young people.

Empowering teacher leaders: the role of research in changing teacher leaders’ sense of themselves as professionals

ABSTRACT Teacher leaders often have to navigate implicit leadership structures within their schools and often move between communities as part of their roles. This study explores how a Noyce Master Teaching Fellow program fostered a sense of empowerment within teacher leaders. The program provided opportunities for the teacher leaders to become legitimate participants in a research community in addition to supporting the transfer of new meanings, practices, and identities to their teaching community of practice. Drawing upon frameworks of border crossing and communities of practice, we highlight mechanisms by which teacher leaders become empowered and cross the boundaries between research and teaching. We identified four mechanisms of empowerment: (1) identification of shared boundary objects, (2) coordination of professional visions, (3) experimentation with provisional selves, and (4) expansion of professional networks. Additionally, our analysis revealed ways in which validation, legitimacy, and sense of belonging are fostered through engagement in a research community. The findings from this study have both theoretical and practical implications for leadership development and teacher leader scholars.

More than just a special case: The value of double bind theory for bringing light into the dark side of organizational paradoxes

In their recently published article, Berti and Simpson introduced a comprehensive framework for the systematic analysis of the dark side of organizational paradoxes. While I follow the authors in connecting the analysis of this dark side to types of organizational power, I am concerned with the narrow view on double binds as an expression of coercions only. This narrow view not only runs counter to the basic idea of double bind theory, but also neglects or even denies transition dynamics between different types of organizational double binds. To address these issues, I develop an alternative framework for the analysis of the dark side of organizational power that considers double binds in a broader and more fruitful way. This framework not only facilitates the analysis of transition dynamics between types of double binds, but also reveals practical strategies for mitigating paradoxes and disentangling them from implicit structures that are in the blind spot of Berti and Simpson's framework.

Climate, Illumination, and the Style of Western and Eastern Paintings

Abstract Classical painting styles are remarkably different between Europe and East Asia. Classic, post-Renaissance European paintings are approaching photorealism with its rich expressions of shading and highlights whereas paintings from northeast Asia consist of motifs drawn in faint shades and dark contours. Given recent findings that artwork follows the statistical regularities of natural scenes, it is sensible to hypothesize that western and eastern painting styles reflect the visual environment of the respective province. Here, we propose that the different climates of Europe and Asia produced different natural light environments that changed the visual appearance of objects, which in turn influenced painting style. Analysis of meteorological data and optical simulations show that directional lightfields in Mediterranean climates produce object images with variegated shading and sharp highlights. Cloudy and diffused monsoon-like lightfields, in comparison, produce line-shaped shading only around the deepest concavities and remove highlights as well as cast shadows. Image statistics analysis suggests that western and eastern painting styles mimic such differences in visual appearance. The style of classical artworks that have been appreciated in a particular cultural realm could partially mirror the implicit structure of images as constrained by the natural light environment of the corresponding habitat.

An SPH-based fully-Lagrangian meshfree implicit FSI solver with high-order discretization terms

In this paper, a novel SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)-based implicit structure model as well as its refined coupled fully-Lagrangian meshfree FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) solver are presented. The implicit structure model is founded through consideration of conservation law of linear momentum. The implicit time integration is achieved along with the assumption of linear elastic material. For development of refined implicit structure model, three novel schemes are considered; (1) High-order implicit Time integration (HT) scheme is considered for enhanced implicit update of particles’ velocities and positions; (2) Predictor-Corrector (PC) method is incorporated for improved estimation of rotation matrix; (3) High-order Discretization (HD) operator is employed for consistent calculation of deformation gradient and acceleration by elastic force. The proposed SPH-based implicit structure model is coupled with a refined ISPH fluid model so as to develop an enhanced fully-Lagrangian meshfree FSI solver, where consistent time coupling between incompressible fluid flow and stiff structures can be achieved by using the same time step sizes in both phases. The proposed implicit structure model as well as its corresponding FSI solver are verified in terms of robustness and accuracy by reproducing a set of well-known benchmark tests.

An examination of the relationship between implicit taxes and market structure: Evidence from Chinese listed companies

ABSTRACT An implicit tax is a reduction in the pre-tax rate of return driven by tax preferences on an investment. The extant research demonstrates existence of implicit taxes at corporate level, but prior studies have drawbacks in tax preferences measure. This study takes the unique advantage of Chinese corporate tax rate preference setting to address research method problems. By employing the propensity score matching and multivariate regression analysis, we demonstrate the existence of implicit taxes in Chinese listed firms and the market structure impedes the realisation of implicit taxes. The market power and market concentration reduce the negative effect of tax preferences on the firm’s pre-tax rate of return.

Lawmaps: enabling legal AI development through visualisation of the implicit structure of legislation and lawyerly process

Modelling that exploits visual elements and information visualisation are important areas that have contributed immensely to understanding and the computerisation advancements in many domains and yet remain unexplored for the benefit of the law and legal practice. This paper investigates the challenge of modelling and expressing structures and processes in legislation and the law by using visual modelling and information visualisation (InfoVis) to assist accessibility of legal knowledge, practice and knowledge formalisation as a basis for legal AI. The paper uses a subset of the well-defined Unified Modelling Language (UML) to visually express the structure and process of the legislation and the law to create visual flow diagrams called lawmaps, which form the basis of further formalisation. A lawmap development methodology is presented and evaluated by creating a set of lawmaps for the practice of conveyancing and the Landlords and Tenants Act 1954 of the United Kingdom. This paper is the first of a new breed of preliminary solutions capable of application across all aspects, from legislation to practice; and capable of accelerating development of legal AI.

Research on Classification of Primary Liver Cancer Syndrome Based on Data Mining Technology.

This study is based on the analysis of the status quo of the research on liver cancer syndromes, starting with the clinical objective and true four-diagnosis information of TCM inpatients with primary liver cancer, using computer data mining technology to analyze and summarize the syndrome rules from the bottom to the top. Let the data itself show the essence of liver cancer syndrome. First, with the help of hierarchical cluster analysis, we can understand the general characteristics through the rough preliminary classification of the four-diagnosis information of liver cancer patients. Then, with the help of the emerging and mature hidden structure model analysis in recent years, through data modeling, the classification of common syndromes of liver cancer and the corresponding relationship with the four-diagnosis information are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, considering the inherent shortcomings of implicit structure and hierarchical clustering based on the assumption that there is a unique one-to-one correspondence between the four diagnostic information factors and the class (or hidden class) when classifying, we plan to use factor analysis and joint cluster analysis, as supplementary means to further explore the classification of liver cancer syndromes and the corresponding relationship with the four-diagnosis information.

СООТНОШЕНИЕ ЭКСПЛИЦИТНОГО И ИМПЛИЦИТНОГО УРОВНЕЙ ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ: КРОСС-КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

Background. Th e study is devoted to cultural specifi city of the personality value sphere, and from the point of view of its level — explicit and implicit structure. Th e novelty of the study lies in the appeal to inaccessible and practically unexplored implicit levels of value presentation, whereas most studies research deals exclusively with the approximate levels of their presentation.Objective of the study is a cross-cultural comparison of the structure of the value sphere of the individual from the point of view of its implicit and explicit level on the example of Russian and Uzbek culture. Methods. Th e following methods were used: the refi ned S. Schwartz PVQ method, M. Etkind’s color test of relationships. Sample. 190 subjects took part in the study — 86 people of Uzbek culture and 104 of Russian culture. Results. Th e study showed a signifi cant coincidence of the leading and insignifi cant values of both cultures at the explicit level. Th e explicit diff erences are as follows: despite the leading nature, less signifi cant in the Uzbek sample compared to the Russian were such values as independence of actions, independence of thought, personal security, well-being in interpersonal relations, tolerance for other people, and more signifi cant — life pleasures, reputation, public safety, responsibility to the loved ones. At the implicit level, the diff erences between cultures are less manifested, the following values are more signifi cant on the Russian sample: diverse life experience, public safety. More signifi cant the Uzbek sample is the responsibility to loved ones. Cross-cultural diff erences of some values are signifi cantly evident at both levels. Th ese are public safety (Uzbek subjects have higher signifi cance at the explicit level and lower at the implicit level than Russians) and responsibility to loved ones (higher in Uzbek subjects at both levels). Public safety has shown to be implicitly insignifi cant value to both cultures. Practical application of the results. Th e results can be applied in the joint training and professional activities organization of representatives of diff erent cultures.

Automatic Requirements Classification Based on Graph Attention Network

Requirements classification is a significant task for requirements engineering, which is time-consuming and challenging. The traditional requirements classification models usually rely on manual pre-processing and have poor generalization capability. Moreover, these traditional models ignore the sentence structure and syntactic information in requirements. To address these problems, we propose an automatic requirements classification based BERT and graph attention network (GAT), called DBGAT. We construct dependency parse trees and then utilize the GAT for mining the implicit structure feature and syntactic feature of requirements. In addition, we introduce BERT to improve the generalization ability of the model. Experimental results of the PROMISE datasets demonstrate that our proposed DBGAT significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we investigate the impact of graph construction methods on non-functional requirements classification. DBGAT achieved the best classification results on both seen (F1-scores of up to 91%) and unseen projects (F1-scores of up to 88%), further demonstrating the strong generalization ability.

Znaczenie intuicji językowej w procesie antycypacji – na przykładzie komunikacji obcojęzycznej

This paper presents the phenomenon of anticipation which is one of the manifestations of linguistic maturity and language user rationality. Anticipation, taking place essentially in implicit structures and based on evolutionary old intuition, improves speech comprehension and increases the efficiency of cognitive processes. The phenomenon in question is presented on the example of foreign language communication, because it is there that the mechanisms governing the formulation of accurate hypotheses about form and content are particularly evident. The first part of the article discusses speech perception, and with it the categorization and selection of an appropriate cognitive schema conditioning accurate anticipation. The second part presents factors that facilitate and hinder the right hypothesis. Finally, conclusions and directions for future research on anticipation are formulated.

The phenomenology of joint agency: the implicit structures of the shared life-world

The phenomenology of joint agency: the implicit structures of the shared life-world

Structural context-based knowledge graph embedding for link prediction

Knowledge graph embedding, which aims to address the limitation of symbolic representation of knowledge, has become an effective method for many AI downstream tasks, such as relation extraction, question answering. Existing knowledge graph embedding models mainly consider triples individually, and ignore the structural information connected with other entities. However, the connectivity between entities not only provides explicit structural information represented in triples, but also embodies a lot of implicit structure information. In this paper, a new knowledge graph embedding model is proposed, which can capture both the information of relational structure-context and edge structure-context by two-interaction. In addition, in order to model complex relations, we define different score function for different relation types. Moreover, the four relation connectivity types in knowledge graph (i.e. symmetry/antisymmetry, inversion, and composition) also can be modeled and inferred by StructurE. We evaluate our StructurE for knowledge graph link prediction task. Benefiting from the structural context and the relation-type-specific score function, compared with conventional geometric transformation-based knowledge graph embedding models StructurE achieves state-of-the-art results for link prediction. Moreover, compared with GCN-based models StructurE also achieves state-of-the-art results on more challenging dataset WN18RR which contains more symmetric relations.

Bone Tissue Scaffolds Designed With A Porosity Gradient Based On Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces Using A Parametric Approach.

Recently, the interest in porous scaffolds design for cell culture has increased. Because of the curvotaxis property of the cells, they can respond to the curvature of the substrate in which they are seeded, like changing their morphology, despite that, curvature is little explored within scaffold design. What is more, for bone regeneration, the scaffold should ideally have a porosity gradient corresponding to the transition between compact and cancellous bone. Various studies have focused on finding the best geometry to mimic it, being the triple periodic minimum structures (TPMS) the most promising ones. However, as they are mathematically complex, researchers have approximated them with implicit equations, no longer respecting their minimum curvature when they vary the pore size, deforming the original geometry. This work proposed to approach the TPMS with parametric equations, finding an exact fundamental patch. In this way showing its potential to make customized structures with a porous gradient, thanks to the acquisition of a constant of variation. This generates a friendly user interface for the design of scaffolds. The work also presents a comparison with the implicit structures, remarking the benefits of using the parametric approach. Finally, it presents examples of 3D printed designs.

Package AdvEMDpy: Algorithmic Variations of Empirical Mode Decomposition in Python

This paper introduces a new Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) Python package called AdvEMDpy that is demonstrably more flexible and which generalises in numerous important ways the existing EMD packages available in Python, R, and MATLAB. The extensions introduced by this AdvEMDpy package both significantly improve the options available to the modeller when applying variations of the EMD methodology as well as also improving the statistical robustness and efficiency of methods otherwise available in existing packages. Unlike many of the functions available for the EMD procedure in existing packages, this EMD package, AdvEMDpy, was developed for customisation by the user, to ensure that a broader class of linear, non-linear, and non-stationary time series analysis could be performed. The intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) extracted from various time series contain multi-frequency implicit structures which warrant further study and as such maximum customisability and intricate knowledge of the algorithm and algorithmic variations is required for users to exploit the full power of the EMD approach to time series decomposition. The edge effect is the most familiar and troublesome problem present in EMD. Various techniques, of varying intricacy from numerous works, have been developed, refined, and offered in AdvEMDpy. In addition to edge effects, numerous preprocessing, post-processing, detrended fluctuation analysis techniques, stopping criteria, spline methods, discrete-time Hilbert transforms (DTHT), knot point optimisations, and algorithmic variations have been incorporated and exposed to the user of AdvEMDpy for fine-tuning of applications of EMD.

Mathematical modeling and analysis of fractional-order brushless DC motor

In this paper, we consider a fractional-order model of a brushless DC motor. To develop a mathematical model, we use the concept of the Liouville–Caputo noninteger derivative with the Mittag-Lefler kernel. We find that the fractional-order brushless DC motor system exhibits the character of chaos. For the proposed system, we show the largest exponent to be 0.711625. We calculate the equilibrium points of the model and discuss their local stability. We apply an iterative scheme by using the Laplace transform to find a special solution in this case. By taking into account the rule of trapezoidal product integration we develop two iterative methods to find an approximate solution of the system. We also study the existence and uniqueness of solutions. We take into account the numerical solutions for Caputo Liouville product integration and Atangana–Baleanu Caputo product integration. This scheme has an implicit structure. The numerical simulations indicate that the obtained approximate solutions are in excellent agreement with the expected theoretical results.

Making sense the teacher evaluation with the value of local culture (The voice of school principals in Indonesia)

PurposeThe voice of school principals represents the principals' thoughts and experiences because of their as teachers' evaluator. It provides principals' perception on making sense the teacher evaluation. In qualitative research, voice can provide the truth and meaning of principals' experience in teachers evaluation. Their voices in the qualitative interviews are recorded and transcribed into words (Jackson and Mazzei, 2009 and Charteris and Smardon, 2018). By listening to the voices of principals in five provinces in Indonesia, this study, a qualitative research, intends to explore the principals' sensemaking in teacher evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative approach, as it was principally concerned with capturing participants' direct experiences in their natural setting as both the teachers' evaluator and school leader (Patton, 2002). The qualitative interview and content analysis were used in this study. The qualitative interview is a type of conversation used to explore informants' experiences and interpretations; in this study, the headmaster (Mishler, 1986; Spradley, 1979 in Hatch, 2002). Researchers used the interviews to uncover the structure of meaning used by principals in making sense the policies that determine teacher evaluations and that are used to carry out evaluations within principal's local authority. The implicit structure can be discovered from direct observation, and the qualitative interviews can bring this meaning to the surface (Hatch, 2002). Therefore, by applying the qualitative interviews, it is expected that information or “unique” interpretations from the principal can be obtained (Stake, 2010). Content analysis is a research technique for making valid conclusions from oral texts into a research context. This analysis can provide new insights, improve researchers' understanding of certain phenomena, or inform other practical actions through the use of verbal data collected in the form of answers to open interview questions (Krippendorff, 2004).FindingsThere are three important findings relating to principals' sensemaking of teachers' evaluation; they are teachers' length of service, principals' perceptions of teacher evaluations and consistency in teacher performance improvement. The principals' perception greatly influences their beliefs and sensemaking of teacher evaluation. In essence, teacher evaluation has not been used to identify high-quality teachers. Principals focus more on the improvement of teachers' welfare than teacher actual performance.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should explore principals' attitude toward the stakeholders when student achievement is not in line with the consistent increase in teachers' performance ratings. And, it is also necessary to investigate the policy makers response to see the consistent improvement in teacher's evaluation is not in line with student achievement. Finally, how to eliminate the culture of joint responsibility without causing frictions in the school environment.Originality/valueThe authors hereby declare that this submission is their own work, and to the best of their knowledge, it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material that have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma any other publishers.

Towards a signature pedagogy for design and technology education: a literature review

Drawing on the work of Lee Shulman, this article reviews literature exploring the concept of signature pedagogies, which are described as having have surface, deep and implicit structures. These structures are complex and changing; concerned with habits of head, hand and heart. Emerging from professional education and now being explored in STEM and Humanities education, they are characteristic forms of teaching and learning that are common across a sector. Common themes emerge from within a range of disciplines including art, built environment, design, music, religious, social work and teacher education. These include the roles of the curriculum, the teacher, the learning environment, as well as capability, uncertainty and the challenges associated with signature pedagogies. Focusing on literature from design education, the paper explores the nature of signature pedagogy in design and technology, as a tool for professional discourse. The conclusions propose a discursive framework for design and technology education in which the structures are tied together by the three fundamental activities of ideating, realising and critiquing; more commonly thought of as designing, making and evaluating. The deep structure being project-based learning, undergirded by the implicit values and attitudes associated with design thinking; including collaboration, creativity, empathy, iteration and problem solving. Design and technology education has something unique to offer the broad and balanced curriculum through its signature pedagogies and the way that knowledge is experienced by learners.