Implicit Schemas Research Articles

Does priming a specific illness schema result in an attentional information-processing bias for specific illnesses?

To test a hypothesis derived from H. Leventhal, D. Meyer, and D. Nerenz's (1980) commonsense model that people possess implicit schemas for specific illnesses. A 2 (illness vs. neutral shopping prime) x 2 (illness-related vs. control word) mixed design with repeated measures on the second factor. Participants primed for the common cold (Experiment 1) and cardiovascular disease (Experiment 2) were compared with participants receiving a neutral shopping prime on a modified Stroop color naming task. Attentional bias to illness related words was calculated as the difference between response latencies to illness words and neutral words under the prime conditions. In Experiment 1, participants primed with common cold showed a response bias to words related to the common cold but not to words related to cardiovascular disease. Attentional bias among participants primed for common cold was significantly correlated with explicit illness representations assessed by the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire. Experiment 2 replicated the findings in a different illness domain. Illness-specific illness schemas can be activated.

Marketing Selves

This article examines civil society initiatives in Hungary which urge individuals to re-make themselves as entrepreneurs and unfettered free-agents. These projects cast the subjects of formerly state socialist regimes as prone to pessimism, dissimulation, and manipulation, and contrast them to a valorized ‘Western’ Self. Treating these implicit classificatory schema as a species of Occidentalism, I discuss how the Western Self has been understood as self-authoring, in contrast to its determined Others. Among these Others were the subjects of state socialism, figured as the products of a totalizing system. I discuss the origins of this figuration, and draw upon Bourdieu’s work to situate the ambivalent responses that greet civil society projects. I suggest that in the name of bridging differences between erstwhile Cold War adversaries, civil society projects rein-scribe the transition away from state socialism as rupture rather than as continuity; and are part of a larger project of re-imagining Selves and Others in the post-Cold War period.

Mathematical model of the dynamics of the canopy of an axisymmetric parachute

The article presents a mathematical model of the dynamics of the canopy of an axisymmetric parachute taking into account the biaxiality of the state of complex stress of the tissue, the effect of the rigging lines of the annular carcass, viscous deformation, riffling. For the solution a threelayered symmetric implicit difference schema is suggested. The method of accelerated attainment of a stable solution without distortion of the dynamic pattern is explained.

Pitting Verbal Schemas against Information Variables in Attribution

The implicit causal schemas of interpersonal experience verbs such as “admire” and “astonish” were shown to moderate the influence of information concerning consensus and distinctiveness on causal attributions. Causal schemas in sentences such as “A astonishes B” were pitted against incongruent information concerning consensus (e.g., “A astonishes few other people”) or distinctiveness (e.g., “Many other people astonish B”), with consensus and distinctiveness defined in terms of internal and external locus rather than sentence subject and object. Subjects' causal ratings revealed that the implicit causality significantly moderated the informational influence but did not overpower it.