Implicit Comparison Research Articles

IKONIZÁCIA STRÁDANIA V ORIENTÁLNOM ARCINARATÍVE (NA KOMPARATÍVNOM POZADÍ ZÁPADNÝCH PRAPRÍBEHOV)

Niniejsze tematologicznie ukierunkowane badania oparte są na kolekcji hinduskich opowieści Vetala Panchavimshati z XI wieku, w sposób niekwestionowany porównywanych do europejskich archi-narracji (przede wszystkim do bajek). Badanie ma na celu stwierdzenie podobieństw i różnic w obrazowaniu tych strategii egzystencjonalnych, które gwarantują najbardziej zrozumiałe podejście do Bycia (Dasein) w świecie zikonizowanym, eo ipso w świecie fikcyjnym. Celem komparatywnej interpretacji jest definicja dwóch podstawowych archigramatyk, różniących się głównie w rozumieniu straty i zysku w świecie fikcyjnym.

Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations ed. by Whitney Nell Stewart and John Garrison Marks

Reviewed by: Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations ed. by Whitney Nell Stewart and John Garrison Marks Brandon R. Byrd Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations. Edited by Whitney Nell Stewart and John Garrison Marks. Race in the Atlantic World, 1700-1900. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2018. Pp. xvi, 205. Paper, $29.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-5311-1; cloth, $86.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-5310-4.) Few inventions have been more intertwined, influential, or destructive than race and nation. European nation-states first emerged during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, in the same moment that Europeans devised the transatlantic slave trade. The concept of race followed soon thereafter. While some European and American theorists insisted that every national group contributed its own special gift to the world, others proclaimed that nation-states existed on a hierarchical scale dictated by racial inequalities. The latter group of theorists achieved widespread acceptance of their inseparable beliefs in racial and national domination. By the late nineteenth century, the scientific racism and militaristic nationalism birthed in the age of slavery became the foundation of an era of imperialism and Jim Crow. Millions of Westerners accepted that race was a biological fact, that nation-states should be racially homogeneous, and that national hierarchies were not only natural but also explainable by the unequal, inherent capacities of their male citizens. A different history was possible. Across the nineteenth-century Atlantic world, countless free and enslaved black people championed an inclusive and egalitarian idea of humanity and envisioned a postemancipation world made of multiracial, or even black, republics. Those women and men often associated freedom with full citizenship and asserted their belonging to the nation-states that their labor had built. They articulated hopes and expectations foregrounded in Whitney Nell Stewart and John Garrison Marks's Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations. An edited collection of essays first presented at a symposium held at Rice University, Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations offers a compelling, comparative assessment of black people's understandings of race and nation during an age of emancipations stretching from the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions to the passage of Brazil's "Golden Law." Its ten essays from leading scholars are organized according to four themes: mobility and migration, law and legal status, labor and freedom, and race and the public sphere. Although spanning more than a century and addressing the black experience in mainland North America, the Caribbean, South America, and West Africa, the essays that compose Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations offer a coherent narrative and illuminate through implicit comparison. As the editors write, the essays make the collective argument "that the Age of Emancipations represented a crucial moment in which people of African descent transformed the meaning of citizenship and national belonging" across the Atlantic world (p. 2). This fundamental point is made especially clear in Celso Thomas Castilho's essay, "The Racial Terms of Citizenship: Abolition and Its Political Aftermath in Northeastern Brazil." Focusing on public debates about and celebrations of abolition in the northern Brazilian city of Recife, Castilho demonstrates "how the mass interracial mobilizations that characterized Brazilian abolitionism also created new ideas about race and political belonging" (p. 184). He captures how [End Page 439] Afro-Brazilians staked claims to citizenship through their involvement in civic associations and their commemorations of abolition. In one evocative scene from June 13, 1888, the one-month anniversary of Brazil's abolition law, formerly enslaved people in Garanhuns asked for a commemorative mass at the local chapel and rejoiced in '"the restoration of their rights, though this was happening three centuries too late'" (p. 193). They, as Castilho writes, joined countless other freedpeople who "presented themselves as rightful members of the community" (p. 193). While Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations foregrounds black people's similar, subversive assertions of belonging in nation-states that identified themselves with whiteness or antiblack multiracialism, it also shows how they forged new nation-states and redefined citizenship during the age of emancipations. Synthesizing recent scholarship on early Haitian history, Philip Kaisary's '"To Break Our Chains and Form a Free People...

“Screamin’ and Shoutin’ !” A Cultural and Lexicographic Study of Exultation in Jazz

This study aims at mapping out a certain number of concepts that jazz has used to describe emotions. As such, emotions are coded in a network of preset cultural references and not just personal experiences. The description of jazz as a form of language, often presented as the equivalent of a vocal utterance, is part of the aesthetic fabric of the music. The emotions that are described by those means are based on that correspondence between language and music, and are often derived from an implicit comparison with church practices such as preaching or whooping. The spiritual dimension of emotions is further embedded in descriptions of vocal extremes (screaming, shouting, growling, moaning...) and other hyperbolic metaphors, especially connected to fire (hot, cook, smoke, burn, steam...). The allusive value of such words establishes a shared connection between speech community members, revealing the cultural structure of the description of emotions.

A Semantic Analysis of Metaphors Found In “Dream Theatre’s” Selected Lyrics

Metaphor is an implicit comparison in which two unlike objects are compared by identification or substitution of one for the other to suggest common quality shared by the two. It is an implied analogy in which a word or phrase is applied to a person, object, idea or concept to which it is literally or semantically inapplicable. Many students in English Department are still confused in interpreting metaphors’ meaning whereas they have learned semantics. The research aims to find the types of metaphors which are used in Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics then interpret its contextual meaning. There are five song lyrics are chosen. They are, As I am, Endless Sacrifice, Pull Me Under, The Spirit Carries On, and Through Her Eyes. This research uses theory of Chrystal that classifies the metaphors into three types. They are Conceptual Metaphor, Mixed Metaphor, and Poetic Metaphor.
 To achieve the research purposes, this research uses content analysis by deductive category application. The steps in deductive category application are collecting the theory related to metaphors, identifying the concepts of metaphors, coding Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics, classify the metaphors according to Chrystal theory, and interpreting the contextual meaning of metaphors. The result shows that forty three cases of metaphors which are found in Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics. There are three thirty two metaphors that included to Conceptual metaphor, Tens metaphor are Mixed metaphor, and one metaphors are Poetic metaphor. According to the result above, conceptual metaphor are higher and more often than mixed metaphor and poetic metaphor, mixed metaphor ranks second and Poetic metaphor appears as the least type
 Based on the result, it is suggested to the readers use the information to know widely and deeply about the types of metaphors classified by Chrystal, as the reference or study more about metaphors. For the students who are learning about metaphors or students who are in English Department are suggested to use songs in learning and improving their capability in language and interpreting the meaning. While for the lecturer, it is suggested to use songs as a resourches in teaching semantics especially in teaching metaphors

Soul, Triangle and Virtue. On the Figure of Implicit Comparison in Plato’s Meno

Plato’s dialogues can be regarded as the most important documents of the extraordinary mimetic power of visual writing, i.e., writing capable of “showing” and “drawing images” by using words only. Thanks to the great lesson of the Attic theater, Plato makes his readers see: when reading the dialogues, they see not only the characters talking but owing to the visual power of mimetic writing, they also see that which the characters are actually talking about. There are numerous rhetorical devices employed by Plato the writer that make this visual rendering of philosophy possible. In this text, I would like to bring an example from the Meno that illustrates the visual power of an implicit comparison. By “implicit comparison”, I mean the special kind of comparison that is not presented explicitly and fully in the text but that the text merely evokes and that, once evoked, contributes to determining the formation of the image.

Soul, Triangle and Virtue. On the Figure of Implicit Comparison in Plato’s Meno

Plato’s dialogues can be regarded as the most important documents of the extraordinary mimetic power of visual writing, i.e., writing capable of “showing” and “drawing images” by using words only. Thanks to the great lesson of the Attic theater, Plato makes his readers see: when reading the dialogues, they see not only the characters talking but owing to the visual power of mimetic writing, they also see that which the characters are actually talking about. There are numerous rhetorical devices employed by Plato the writer that make this visual rendering of philosophy possible. In this text, I would like to bring an example from the Meno that illustrates the visual power of an implicit comparison. By “implicit comparison”, I mean the special kind of comparison that is not presented explicitly and fully in the text but that the text merely evokes and that, once evoked, contributes to determining the formation of the image.

Space syntax investigation of Lubbock, a grid-like American city and some insights into isotropic layouts

This paper describes an in-depth study of a grid-like American city using traditional and recent space syntax analytical methods. The case study is Lubbock, located in west Texas, and is characterized by its ‘almost’ ideal grid layout ‒ one that is perhaps prototypical of American conditions west of the Mississippi River. After extensively describing the city, it is examined by using topological, angular and metric radii of space syntax analysis. From these, comments are made on factors influencing its layout and functional distribution, their relationships to syntactic understandings and some recent development trends. Through this process, the paper addresses the debate regarding the appropriateness of space syntax in investigating grid conditions, and responds to an emerging syntax theorem: local structure is metric and global structure is topo-geometric. In addition, the historical development of grid-like cities in the US is described, an implicit comparison of three syntax methods is provided, and a renewed case of syntax applicability to grid-like cities is made.

Context effects on accentedness ratings

Intelligibility and accentedness are largely independent judgments (Derwing & Munro, 1995); a speaker rated as highly accented can be quite intelligible. The context of listeners’ exposure to accented speakers has been shown to affect adaptation to speakers in terms of intelligibility (e.g., Tzeng et al., 2016), suggesting that implicit comparison between examples facilitates learning of systematic properties of accented speech. However, it is unknown whether context affects accentedness ratings, which are often assumed to be stable properties of speakers. To better understand the susceptibility of accent ratings to context effects, the present study examines listeners’ accentedness judgments of native and non-native speech taken from the ALLSSTAR Corpus (Bradlow et al., 2010). A target set of the same accented speech samples was embedded in a variety of task contexts, varying whether the stimuli were randomized among speakers or blocked by speaker, or presented at the beginning or end of the experiment. ...

Language processing and learning models for community question answering in Arabic

In this paper we focus on the problem of question ranking in community question answering (cQA) forums in Arabic. We address the task with machine learning algorithms using advanced Arabic text representations. The latter are obtained by applying tree kernels to constituency parse trees combined with textual similarities, including word embeddings. Our two main contributions are: (i) an Arabic language processing pipeline based on UIMA—from segmentation to constituency parsing—built on top of Farasa, a state-of-the-art Arabic language processing toolkit; and (ii) the application of long short-term memory neural networks to identify the best text fragments in questions to be used in our tree-kernel-based ranker. Our thorough experimentation on a recently released cQA dataset shows that the Arabic linguistic processing provided by Farasa produces strong results and that neural networks combined with tree kernels further boost the performance in terms of both efficiency and accuracy. Our approach also enables an implicit comparison between different processing pipelines as our tests on Farasa and Stanford parsers demonstrate.

Imagining socialism in the Soviet century

Much of the current conversation about social justice, economic responsibility and individual self-realization is informed by an explicit or implicit comparison between capitalist and socialist modernities. The Soviet Union’s variety of socialism understandably serves as a critical master referent in this conversation. In this regard, a dominant historical narrative that ties the history of Soviet socialism to the Bolshevik origins imposes serious limitation to available depictions of socialism and histories of the twentieth century. This article turns the Bolshevik fundamentals assigned to the Soviet project into a problem of historical analysis and argues that the Soviet experience has more than one normative vision of socialism to offer. The goal is to foreground the divergence of normative conceptions of the socialist society and individual by historicizing the two principal and presently closely identified ideological-educational undertakings: those of the New Man and the ‘New Soviet Person’. By tracing the histories of the two projects, the article shows how the collectivist ethos of the Bolshevism of the 1910–1920s that rejected the ontological differentiation between the individual and his or her social milieu failed to retain its ideological, institutional, and cultural currency even during the 1930s, not to mention throughout the Soviet period.

Experimental replication: an experimental test of the expectancy disconfirmation theory of citizen satisfaction

ABSTRACTThe expectancy disconfirmation theory has been applied to public management research in order to test whether citizen satisfaction with public services is determined, not only by experienced performance but also by an implicit comparison of service quality with prior expectations. This study replicates what is to date the only experimental test of the theory. Using an online survey panel of Danish citizens (n = 1,425), participants were randomly assigned to receive either low or high expectations, followed by either low- or high- performance information. Our findings suggest that citizens’ expectations are an important predictor of their satisfaction with public services.

The Politics of Work-Family Policies: Comparing Japan, France, Germany and the United States

Postindustrial countries display a broad range of work–family policies, with Japan representing but one of many variations. Ever since the publication of Esping-Andersen’s classic The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism in 1990, political scientists have devoted considerable attention to explaining the variation in how states organize and provide services to support families. The vast majority of research has focused on comparisons among European welfare states, with Sweden generally held up as the ‘gold standard’ in terms of ideological and infrastructural support for working mothers. A much smaller literature has considered welfare states in East Asia, which are more limited in size than most of those in Europe. In The Politics of Work-Family Policies, Boling brings Japan into comparative focus not only with two carefully chosen European cases (France and Germany), but with a case not generally included in comparative studies: the US. While not central in her analysis, Sweden constitutes an implicit comparison for Boling’s four cases, allowing her to use it as a touchstone for how states can forge policies to support a dual-earner/dual-caregiver model. At the same time, she is very careful not to hold Sweden up as an example, as is often done, of what other welfare states should strive to emulate. Indeed, a great strength of Boling’s research is in explaining the difficulties that Japan, the US, and other welfare states would face in trying to be like Sweden. This is in fact the key puzzle motivating her book: why has it proven so difficult for states to enact work–family policies that support working parents and, in particular, working mothers? Boling brings to this problem a political scientist’s sensitivity to party politics, competing interests, state fiscal constraints, and the dynamics of policy-making processes across time. An additional strength of the book is her attention to variation in the structure of labor markets across the four country cases she analyzes in depth. In representing different skill regimes, Boling argues, labor markets play a critical role in structuring the opportunities and constraints women face as they try to utilize work–family policies to balance childrearing and career development. The difference in labor market institutions and skill regimes, as well as the size of the public versus private sector, has profound implications for women’s ability to move across firms and to move in and out of the labor market without suffering serious wage depreciation. Labor market institutions thus constitute a critical complement to work–family policies, influencing employers’ stake in the development and enforcement of policies, and thus affecting women’s ability to utilize policies without suffering stigmatization or career penalties.

Nowhere in the Middle Ages by Karma Lochrie

Reviewed by: Nowhere in the Middle Ages by Karma Lochrie Kate M. Craig Nowhere in the Middle Ages By Karma Lochrie. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. <http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15510.html> In Nowhere in the Middle Ages, Karma Lochrie proposes a provocative question: was there such a thing as utopianism before Utopia, the eponymous island created by Thomas More in 1516? For Lochrie, More's work has long been viewed incorrectly as an ex nihilo creation linked tightly to the nascent concerns of the early modern world; thus, identifications of "utopian" literature have been based on their similarity to More's idealized and isolated island commonwealth, involving "…travel to an unknown place, encounter with alternative social, political, economic, and religious structures, and an implicit comparison and/or critique of contemporary society" (16). Moving away from this narrow, Utopia-based definition of a utopia, Lochrie argues, opens the discussion to a wealth of medieval texts that contain aspects of "utopian imagination" and gives a more nuanced past both to the concept and to More's text itself. She stresses that the crux of this book lies in the fact that she ends, rather than begins, by discussing More, thus "productively scrambling the inaugural narrative currently telling utopia's story…" (7). This stylistic choice frames Utopia as one of many possible outcomes of the medieval utopian traditions she identifies in the previous chapters, taking up some narrative threads and breaking with others. In examining medieval utopianism, then, Lochrie is not searching for the "roots" of More's work, but exploring the different forms of utopias that existed in the Middle Ages with the goal of expanding not only our understanding of the period's imaginative life, but also the characteristics by which we define utopian thought. She achieves this "scrambling" by discussing four pairings of core medieval texts with later, mostly early modern texts. While not necessarily related to one another textually (though some are), she uses these pairings to demonstrate four different flavors of "utopian optics." Lochrie makes it clear that her purpose is not to show consistency or even connection between these models of medieval utopianism, but rather to map out a range of utopian possibilities and hint at their [End Page 330] afterlives. This choice privileges thematic cohesion over chronological progression, which might be disorienting for historically-minded readers seeking a more linear narrative. Lochrie's four pairings are: first, Macrobius' Commentary on the Dream of Scipio (early fifth century) with Johannes Kepler's Somnium (1634); second, the English and French Cokaygne traditions (thirteenth–fourteenth centuries) with Protestant satires and twentieth-century hobo and African-American songs; third, Mandeville's Travels with Richard Brome's The Antipodes (1636); and finally, William Langland's Piers Plowman (fourteenth century) with William Morris' A Dream of John Ball (1886-7). The Macrobius-Kepler pairing demonstrates what Lochrie terms a "cosmological utopianism"; that is, texts that use imaginary extraterrestrial travel to provoke reflection. The Dream of Scipio, included in Cicero's De republica and transmitted through Macrobius's Commentary, imagines Scipio Africanus's reaction as he is taken by his grandfather in a dream-vision to the heavens, prompting a realization of the cosmic triviality of the Roman Empire and indeed Earth itself: a "global vision of reduced significance" (31). This framing calls up a host of modern parallels in the reader's mind (Carl Sagan's pale blue dot, or the overview effect experienced by astronauts), but Lochrie productively compares it with Kepler's slightly bizarre dream-within-a-dream text relating how his mother, depicted as a sorceress (a portrayal which got her arrested), calls up a demon who has visited "Levania" (the moon). According to Lochrie, the lunar-centered perspective of Kepler's text is what makes it utopian, despite the lack of explicit political or social critique: it invites readers to see the earth (called "Volva" by the moon's inhabitants) as the alternative "other." If we consider "seeing the world with different eyes" the defining trait of utopianism, Lochrie argues, no there-but-unreachable place of "Utopia" is needed; our world, seen from the moon, can be its own mirror. In the Cokaygne traditions...

A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN ANONYMOUS MOVIE SCRIPT

The research aims at describing the types of figurative language, implicature, and flouting maxim of Anonymous movie. The research employs the descriptive qualitative as the type of the research. The data source of this research is the script of Anonymous movie. Techniques of collecting data are watching the Anonymous movie, searching then downloading the Anonymous movie script, reading the Anonymous movie script, identifying the types of figurative languages in the movie script and underlying them, typing those figurative languages in paper, describing the types of figurative language by using Perrine theory and coding the data. The techniques of data analysis are describing the types of figurative language found in the Anonymous Movie Script, the writer uses Perrine theory (1977), describing the types the implicature, the writer refers to the theory of Grice (1989), and drawing discussion, describing the flouting maxim, the writer uses Cutting’s theory (2002). The data are shown with the italic, bold and underline words. One datum analysis presents figurative language, implicature and flouting maxim analysis. So, it doesn’t analyze separately. The result of the study shows that 1) the types of figurative language are: Metaphor (30.56%) which always uses an implicit comparison at the movie’s mind. The second position is Hyperbole (27.78%), and the third position is Simile (19.44%) and the fourth position is Personification (16.67%). Based on the frequency of occurrence, Irony (5.56%) is in the last position. 2) The all implicature of figurative languages cover conversational implicature (100%) and none of them are conventional implicature (0%). The conversational implicature divided into: particularized conversational implicature (94.44%) and generalized conversational implicature (5.56%) (3) The flouting maxim are used by the characters: flouting maxim of quality (86.11%), flouting maxim of relation (5.56%), flouting maxim of manner (5.56%), flouting maxim of quantity (2.78%).

UQlust: combining profile hashing with linear-time ranking for efficient clustering and analysis of big macromolecular data.

BackgroundAdvances in computing have enabled current protein and RNA structure prediction and molecular simulation methods to dramatically increase their sampling of conformational spaces. The quickly growing number of experimentally resolved structures, and databases such as the Protein Data Bank, also implies large scale structural similarity analyses to retrieve and classify macromolecular data. Consequently, the computational cost of structure comparison and clustering for large sets of macromolecular structures has become a bottleneck that necessitates further algorithmic improvements and development of efficient software solutions.ResultsuQlust is a versatile and easy-to-use tool for ultrafast ranking and clustering of macromolecular structures. uQlust makes use of structural profiles of proteins and nucleic acids, while combining a linear-time algorithm for implicit comparison of all pairs of models with profile hashing to enable efficient clustering of large data sets with a low memory footprint. In addition to ranking and clustering of large sets of models of the same protein or RNA molecule, uQlust can also be used in conjunction with fragment-based profiles in order to cluster structures of arbitrary length. For example, hierarchical clustering of the entire PDB using profile hashing can be performed on a typical laptop, thus opening an avenue for structural explorations previously limited to dedicated resources. The uQlust package is freely available under the GNU General Public License at https://github.com/uQlust.ConclusionuQlust represents a drastic reduction in the computational complexity and memory requirements with respect to existing clustering and model quality assessment methods for macromolecular structure analysis, while yielding results on par with traditional approaches for both proteins and RNAs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1381-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The Purposeful Graduate: Why Colleges Must Talk to Students about Vocation. By Tim Clydesdale. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Pp. xxiv+334. $27.50.

<i>The Purposeful Graduate: Why Colleges Must Talk to Students about Vocation</i>. By Tim Clydesdale. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Pp. xxiv+334. $27.50.

The Disarticulate: Language, Disability, and the Narratives of Modernity, by James Berger

Disarticulate: Language, Disability, and Narratives of Modernity, by James Berger. New York University Press, 2014. 320 pages. James Berger's second book has been published in New York University Press's Cultural Front series, which, rather than having a thematic focus, develops new ways of thinking about--and promoting--open and egalitarian societies. As such, his title represents something of a misnomer. The Disarticulate, as Berger explains in book's helpful introduction, was originally The Dys-/Disarticulate, before editorial decision erase slash so as avoid confusion. erasure and subsequent reintroduction of this slash, this confusion, this stutter acts as a fitting reenactment of ethical challenges presented by this book, which concerns itself with relationship between symbolically apprehensible and not-linguistic, speaking and non-speaking. For Berger, figure of dys-/disarticulate resides, or at least is imagined reside, at boundary of social-symbolic, a liminal place where there is no adequate terminology. As disarticulate, this figure is forcibly severed from social fabric, stigmatized, silenced, possibly physically dismembered (2). As dysarticulate, this figure is blocked from standing at convergence of all of language's impasses: those of injury, trauma, neurological variation, socio-political silencing, and workings of itself as plots its own aporias. Figured linguistically as outside of language and perceived as other, dys-/ disarticulate foregrounds and problematizes representational strategies and ethical considerations. Berger brings a wealth of both professional and personal experience bear on such matters. His first book, After End: Representations of Post-Apocalypse (1999), engaged with limits of by considering what would be symbolic remainder after trauma, after apocalypse. His relationship with his two developmentally disabled sisters, Susan and Claudia, led him, meanwhile, reflect on experiences of separation, questions of home and institution, feelings of sibling responsibility, and, ultimately, issue of care as it relates those with linguistic and cognitive impairments. Issues of metaphor, trauma, and care animate this important work, which has much offer fields of disability theory, literary studies (particularly study of modernist and postmodern literature), and neuroscience. Today, all of us live among ruins of Babel. first, Adamic, purported be a perfect a that named things truly, unambiguously, perfectly. Each term was precisely a proper term. With fall of Babel came fall languages, into ambiguity, duplicity, multiplicity, jokes, puns, lies, translations, fictions, and truths in plural (16). If was once indexical, truly naming thing, after this second fall it became merely conventional, always dependent on a third term. According Berger, if is tropic, lacking proper terms, then should be understood as general condition of language. Catachresis is, for him, very foundation of language. As such, account of its workings constitutes a great deal of this book. Berger defines catachresis, or kata-chresis (kata: against; chresis: use), as an abuse of language, that is, as the use of wrong word or of a word with a standard usage in one context dragged a use against usage in another (28). A good example of this would be statement I see a voice. Understood in this way, catachresis takes common understanding of metaphor its extreme. Where metaphor commonly means make implicit comparison between two different things, summoning a term from one context another, catachresis means to 'bear across' . . . from inexhaustible, and inexhaustibly desired, realm of not-language language (29). …

Don Giovanni, Faust and the western modernity

This article is focused on the myths of Don Giovanni and Faust as emblems of Western culture and sensibility. The historical and literary iter is interrelated with an anthropological point of view. The target of the essay is to offer an outstanding example of Western way of thinking and civilization in implicit comparison with Eastern ones.

Huihui: Navigating Art and Literature in the Pacific ed. by Jeffrey Carroll, Brandy Nālani McDougall, and Georganne Nordstrom

Reviewed by: Huihui: Navigating Art and Literature in the Pacific ed. by Jeffrey Carroll, Brandy Nālani McDougall, and Georganne Nordstrom Joyce Pualani Warren Huihui: Navigating Art and Literature in the Pacific, edited by Jeffrey Carroll, Brandy Nālani McDougall, and Georganne Nordstrom. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2015. isbn 978-0-8248-3895-9; vii + 308 pages, artwork, photographs, notes, works cited, contributors biographies. Paper, us$29.00. Huihui: Navigating Art and Literature in the Pacific breaks new ground as the first book-length, collaborative exploration of Pacific literary and artistic rhetorics and aesthetics. Foundational anthologies, such as Lali: A Pacific Anthology (Wendt 1980) and Nuanua: Pacific Writing in English since 1980 (Wendt 1995), offer a broad and representative sampling of literature throughout the Pacific, relying on English as a common language for contributors and readers. More recent anthologies have embraced the multilingual realities of the Pacific but focus on the complexities within a single island group. Since 1995, Huia Press has published its series of biennial award-winning prose as both the English-language Huia Short Stories and the companion Māori-language Ngā Pakiwaitara a Huia, while collections like Vārua Tupu: New Writing from French Polynesia (Stewart, Mateata-Allain, and Mawyer 2006) move effortlessly between Reo Mā‘ohi, French, and English in a single volume. Among Huihui’s many strengths is the dexterity with which it weaves the diverse languages and locations of Moana Nui into one book. The twenty-four chapters include texts translated from indigenous and settler languages, texts presented in the original language alongside English, and [End Page 523] texts that move imperceptibly from one language to another—often without translations. The resultant seamless compilation successfully engages the reader while also emphasizing that narrative and meaning making in the Pacific are multivalent and layered. The accumulation of diverse languages and locations, coupled with variations in genre, are themselves one layer of the metaphor(s) around which the anthology is organized. “Huihui,” as editors Jeffrey Carroll, Brandy Nālani McDougall, and Georganne Nordstrom note, is a Proto-Polynesian word that can be translated as a pooling or collection; they also read the term through a specifically Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) lens, invoking the multiple kaona (hidden meanings) and descriptions of the constellation Pleiades, of which Huihui is but one name. Huihui, as both collective and constellation, guides the text’s navigation of rhetorics and aesthetics. The term is both extensive and inclusionary, but also quite specific—just as the focus on rhetorics and aesthetics, the editors argue, should be. They endorse a culturally and geographically located understanding of these terms, which when left unspecified often reinforce colonial hierarchies through an implicit reference to Euro-Western norms. They note that the current modification of the terms “rhetoric” and “aesthetic” as, for instance, “minority” or “alternative,” usually marginalizes literary traditions and finds them lacking through an implicit comparison to Euro-Western ideals. Invoking the multiple intersections of art and politics, the editors argue that “by recognizing the rhetorical and aesthetic sovereignty of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific, Huihui contributes to the overturning of these hegemonic structures and the promoting of decolonization” (6). Drawing on “Makali‘i, or the fine mesh or ‘tiny eyes’ of the constellation Pleiades … [as] the essential fabric of an organism,” the first section of the book focuses on identity as an entry point to rhetorics and aesthetics as constructed practices (7). Kalena Silva’s “A Contemporary Response to Increasing Mele Performance Contexts” traces how language revitalization has been integral to the resurgence of evolving and reemerging traditional practices in Hawai‘i. His description of the collaborative composition process and the overview of specifically Kanaka Maoli poetic devices, or meiwi, creates a fuller understanding of how poetic language based in indigenous perspectives furthers cultural and political sovereignty. If Silva shows us the potential of reclaiming an identity that has been forcefully excised or merely eroded over time, Selina Tustitala Marsh’s “Un/Civilized Girls, Unruly Poems: Jully Makini (Solomon Islands)” alternatively examines how one’s identity may be wrested from its overlapping and sometimes competing components. Focusing on personal identity in the context of an emergent nation, Makini’s poems pose...

FUNKCIJSKE PROJEKCIJE U SRPSKOM NOMINALNOM KOMPLEKSU

Svrha ovog rada je da pokaže da projekcija DP u srpskom jeziku ne postoji i da pridevski vid ne sudeluje u distinkciji određenost/neodređenost kod imenica. Prvo ispitujemo primenljivost ponuđenih modela DP-a u srpskom jeziku zasnovanih na postojanju i pozicioniranju prisvojnih i pokaznih zamenica kao i „dugog“ naspram „kratkom“ obliku prideva. Budući da se elementi kao što su demonstrativi i posesivi ponašaju kao pridevi (kongruišu sa imenicom, ne zauzimaju mesto morfosintaktičkog lokusa niti inhibiraju ekstrakcije levih grana (Zlatić 1998; Trenkić 2004; Bošković 2005) zaključujemo da projekcija DP, kao takva, ne postoji u srpskom jeziku. Umesto toga, za jedinstvenu funkcijsku projekciju imenske sintagme u srpskom uzimamo padežnu frazu (KP) odnosno frazu slaganja (AgrP), koja, između ostalog, zahteva kongruenciju svih adjunkta unutar imenske fraze. Dalje, ispitujemo distinkciju određenosti/neodređenosti kao svojstva striktno pridevske fraze. Iz komplementarne distribucije intenzifikatora i kratkog, „neodređenog“ oblika prideva zaključujemo da intenzifikatori i dugi oblik prideva imaju određeno zajedničko svojstvo. Ovo svojstvo, uz nemogućnost pozicioniranja intenzifikatora uz komplementar pridev, nalazimo u semantici prideva kao stepen zastupljenosti određene osobine označene skalarnim pridevima. Samim tim, dugi oblik prideva interpretiramo kao način iskazivanja implicitnog poređenja u odnosu na podrazumevanu zastupljenost neke osobine. Na posletku predlažemo frazu stepena (DgrP) kao funkcijsku projekciju prideva.