Implications Of New Physics Research Articles

Implications of new physics in B → K 1 μ + μ − decay processes

Recently, several discrepancies at the level of (2–3)σ have been observed in the decay processes mediated by flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) transitions b → sℓ + ℓ −, which may be considered as the smoking-gun signal of new physics (NP). These intriguing hints of NP have attracted a lot of attention and many attempts are being made to find the possible NP signature in other related processes, which are mediated through the same quark-level transitions. In this work, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the FCNC decays of the B meson to axial vector mesons K 1(1270) and K 1(1400), which are an admixture of the 13 P 1 and 11 P 1 states K 1A and K 1B , in a model independent framework. Using the B → K 1 form factors evaluated in the light cone sum rule approach, we investigate the rare exclusive semileptonic decays B → K 1(1270)μ + μ − and B → K 1(1400)μ + μ −. Considering all the possible relevant operators for b → sℓ + ℓ − transitions, we study their effects on various observables such as branching fractions, the lepton flavor universality violating ratio , forward–backward asymmetries, and lepton polarization asymmetries of these processes. These results will not only enhance the theoretical understanding of the mixing angle but also serve as a good tool for probing NP.

Low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale: operators and matching

The gauge-invariant operators up to dimension six in the low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale are classified. There are 70 Hermitian dimension-five and 3631 Hermitian dimension-six operators that conserve baryon and lepton number, as well as ΔB = ±ΔL = ±1, ΔL = ±2, and ΔL = ±4 operators. The matching onto these operators from the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) up to order 1/Λ2 is computed at tree level. SMEFT imposes constraints on the coefficients of the low-energy effective theory, which can be checked experimentally to determine whether the electroweak gauge symmetry is broken by a single fundamental scalar doublet as in SMEFT. Our results, when combined with the one-loop anomalous dimensions of the low-energy theory and the one-loop anomalous dimensions of SMEFT, allow one to compute the low-energy implications of new physics to leading-log accuracy, and combine them consistently with high-energy LHC constraints.

The effective use of precision electroweak measurements

Several reasonably model-independent formulations of the implications of new physics for precision electroweak measurements have been developed over the past years, most notably by Peskin and Takeuchi, and by Altarelliet al. These formulations work by identifying a small, but useful, set of parameters through which new physics often enters into well-measured physical observables. For the theories to which such an analysis applies, this approach greatly streamlines the confrontation with the data. Since the experimentally-allowed range for these parameters has been determined from global fits to the data, theorists need only compute their predictions for these parameters to constrain their models. We summarize these methods here, together with several recent generalizations which permit applications to wider classes of new physics, and which include the original approaches as special cases.

Raising consciousness in ecosystem health

New knowledge and theory developed by physicists in the first half of the 20th century radically changed our concepts of the nature of reality and the place of the human species in it. This information has not yet penetrated the other natural sciences nor day-to-day life. This paper argues that it is essential that we leave behind the ‘World as Machine’ world view, or paradigm, which has led us to global crisis. Instead we must more rapidly incorporate the information from the 20th century ‘new physics’, and shift the dominant social paradigm to a ‘Systems’ view of the world, in our efforts towards defining and implementing ecosystem health and the closely-related sustainable development. Some of the key implications of new physics to ecosystem health are that the biosphere and the surrounding universe is an indivisible whole; that the human species, especially our consciousness, is integral to the biosphere; that nothing is static; and that dynamism and function are primary, whereas structure is secondary. It is suggested that the understanding of the connectedness of humans to the rest of the biosphere will alter the behaviour of the human species towards more ecologically sustainable actions.