Personal Implications Research Articles

A longitudinal study on the stability and causal relationships between disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability among Koreans with disability

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal, reciprocal effects between disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability and to discuss implications for persons with disability. For this purpose, we used the third (2018–2020) raw data of the second Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED), implemented by the Korea Employment Agency for Persons with Disability. We used an autoregressive cross‐lagged model to test reciprocal effects, and 4420 persons with disability responded to the three above‐mentioned waves of the PSED. The findings were as follows. First, disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability had significant effects on disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability in the third, fourth, and fifth waves. Second, there was a statistically significant longitudinal, reciprocal relationship between disability acceptance and self‐efficacy. In addition, self‐efficacy had a significant longitudinal, reciprocal relationship with interpersonal ability. However, interpersonal ability had a statistically significant longitudinal effect on disability acceptance, but not vice versa. Based on these results, we provided suggestions regarding how to improve disability acceptance, self‐efficacy, and interpersonal ability among persons with disability.

Personality, behavioral engagement, and psychological adaptation of high school students abroad: A longitudinal perspective on between- and within-person dynamics

International educational mobility is a life event that confronts sojourners with many challenges, such as adapting to a new living environment abroad. Whether these cultural adaptation processes are successful is contingent upon different factors. In the present study, we focused on the role of personality as well as host- and home-cultural behavioral engagement in the psychological adaptation of high school students during an academic year abroad. To that end, we analyzed data from the first four waves of the project Mobility and Acculturation Experiences of Students (MAPS) ( N = 1299 students in a year abroad) using a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to address these associations at the interpersonal and intrapersonal level. The analyses revealed the complex interplay between personality, host- and home-cultural behavioral engagement, and adaptation at both the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels of analysis. Moreover, host-cultural behavioral engagement also mediated the predictive effects of personality traits on the psychological adaptation of sojourners in the CLPM. Theoretical implications for personality and acculturation research and practical inferences for supporting students studying abroad are discussed.

Observation and the Art of Teaching

This article describes the author’s journey into the work of Patricia Carini and the descriptive processes developed at Prospect School and Center. The author begins with her first experiences learning to observe and describe children using Descriptive Review as a new teacher and graduate teacher education student. She goes on to discuss how this work and her experience as a Prospect Archives Practitioner Fellow followed her into her teaching practice with children and later into her work as a teacher educator. She examines both the personal and political implications this way of looking holds, and how it can be used as a tool for striving toward equity in schools.

The Challenge of Constructing Citizenship in a Multiracial Society in Postcolonial Sierra Leone

Abstract Sixty-one years after Sierra Leone regained its independence from Britain in April 1961, the issue of citizenship remains divisive and fraught with negative political implications for persons seeking elective and appointive political offices. John Joseph Akar, born in the then Protectorate of a Lebanese father who was himself born in Senegal and a Sierra Leonean mother, challenged the constitutionality of amendments to the Independence Constitution that altered the criterion for citizenship from one based on birth (jus soli) to one based on “Negro African descent” (jus sanguinis). Enacted less than a year after independence, the new constitutional provisions appealed to a kind of xenophobic nationalism that undercut the country's multicultural character. In this article I argue that the economic success, in particular that of the Lebanese in the colonial period, put them at odds with Sierra Leone's emerging political elites. Prior to independence these elites used restrictive immigration laws to limit the entry and participation of the Lebanese and other non-indigenes in the country's political and economic affairs. After independence there was no better place to institutionalize such limitations and discrimination than in the postcolonial constitution, which the British helped construct to unify the Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone.

Clinical Implications of ICD-11 for Diagnosing and Treating Personality Disorders.

The International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11) introduced a new approach to personality disorders and related traits. This paper reviews recent literature on the assessment of ICD-11 personality disorders and implications for clinical diagnosis, decision-making, and treatment. We reviewed findings on two measures developed for the ICD-11 model of personality dysfunction and six inventories for the ICD-11 trait specifiers. The psychometric qualities of these tools are promising, and they allow for both rapid screening and fine-grained assessment. Implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders are reviewed including utility for forensic practice. Based on evidence and our experience, we provide some recommendations for severity- and trait-informed interventions. Initial evidence supports the available instruments for assessing ICD-11 personality disorders. More research is needed including development of clinician-rating forms and diagnostic interviews as well as treatment protocols and trials based on the new ICD-11 classification.

Coping with uncertainty in mental illness: Associations among desired support, support seeking strategies, and received support from family members

Individuals with mental illness commonly experience uncertainty related to not only the condition itself but also personal and social implications surrounding mental illness. Support from family has the potential to alleviate uncertain feelings and reduce perceived stress. Drawing on the sensitive interaction systems theory, this longitudinal study investigated the support seeking processes and outcomes in mental illness. Results suggested that perceived uncertainty about mental illness was negatively associated with desired emotional and informational support from close family. Desired support predicted received support and reduced perceived stress 2 weeks later. The effect of desired support on received support was mediated by direct support seeking behaviors. Communication efficacy, relational trust, and motivation to seek support moderated the associations between desired support and support seeking behaviors. Findings offer theoretical and practical implications for support seeking from family members in mental illness.

“It Was a Smoke Dream”: Affective Aesthetics in Women’s Literature of the Irish Civil War

The formal, ideological, and narrative elements constituting the aesthetics of hope and disappointment in women’s writing of the Irish revolution offer new insights into the gendered experience of conflict. By arguing that women’s writing in this period complicates and expands existing classifications of conflict literature, this paper proposes to trace a network of alternative connection, built out of subjective gendered experiences of political and social upheaval. Drawing on theories of affect and emotion with reference to Rosamond Jacob’s The Troubled House (1938), Margaret Barrington’s My Cousin Justin (1939) and Dorothy Macardle’s The Uninvited (1942), this article suggests that appraisal of textual interconnection can thicken our understanding of the conceptual tools engaged by women writers to record, relay, and refract the personal and political implications of early-twentieth century Ireland.

The Implicated Subject in Four South African Autobiographical Texts

Finding new ways to address oppressive pasts has been a prominent theme in South African nonfiction since the end of apartheid, writers often seeking to explore personal and collective implication and guilt. The legacies of oppression and discrimination spill over into the South African present of social and economic inequality. This article examines four autobiographical texts that address notions of personal and collective implication in South Africa’s apartheid past and its present-day inequality. At the centre of the analysis are Rian Malan’s My Traitor’s Heart from the end of the apartheid era, which offers a personal exploration of Afrikaner history in South Africa, and Christopher Hope’s The Café de Move-on Blues, which attempts to determine the role of English-speaking white South Africans. In addition, Sisonke Msimang writes about class divides and implication crossing racial borders in Always Another Country, and Haji Mohamed Dawjee offers a forceful critique of seemingly well-meaning, guilt-ridden whiteness in Sorry, Not Sorry. The article draws on Michael Rothberg’s theorisation of the implicated subject as beneficiary of oppressive pasts beyond simple distinctions of victim and perpetrator. All four texts portray a South Africa in which boundaries are increasingly blurred, and implication transgresses temporal, spatial and racial lines.

Just Be Yourself? Effects of an Authenticity Manipulation on Expressive Accuracy in First Impressions

Does the common advice to “be yourself” lead people to reveal who they truly are? And what broader personal and social implications might this advice bear? In an experimental first-impression study, we examined whether a manipulation instructing some people to be themselves (vs. no explicit instructions) led targets to have their unique personality profiles more accurately perceived, and carried personal and social benefits. Specifically, 204 targets participated in a video interview, with half the targets told to “be yourself” before the interview. Then, 373 observers watched subsets of target video interviews. Overall, the manipulation led targets to be seen with greater distinctive accuracy, especially on their more observable and evaluative self-aspects. However, the manipulation did not significantly influence impression normativity, target likability, nor target post-interview well-being. In sum, being told to be oneself elicits more accurate first-impression perceptions but may not bear immediate personal or social consequences.

Stress, Coping, and Quality of Life Among Custodial Grandparents

ABSTRACT An increasing number of custodial grandparents are raising grandchildren, and intensive childcare is stressful with many negative personal, interpersonal, economic, and health implications. Grandparents’ strengths, including resilience, positive caregiving appraisal, and social support should be considered in the face of parenting stress and adversity. Guided by the stress and resilience model, the current study investigated the associations of parenting stress and coping resources with life satisfaction and mental wellness among custodial grandparents (N = 76). Data were collected between December 2020 and April 2021, through collaborations with community-based agencies located in two metropolitan areas, which provide supportive services to custodial grandparents and their families. Findings showed that more parenting stress was associated with less life satisfaction and worse mental health, and that stress management boosted life satisfaction and mental wellness. Grandparents with more informal social support and social service utilization fared better than their counterparts with less social support and no experience of service use. The results of this study suggest that social work interventions should focus on improving stress management to cope with daily and caregiving stressors. Social workers can help with informal social support and formal social services utilization to address caregiving needs among custodial grandparents.

Navigating fear and care: The lived experiences of community-based health actors in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic

The activities of community-based health actors are widely recognized as critical to pandemic response; yet, there exists a lack of clarity concerning who is included in this ecosystem of actors and how these actors experience the complexity of delivering community-level care in the context of a public health emergency. The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the lived experiences of community-based health actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines; and (2) to identify opportunities for further supporting these critical actors in the health workforce. Virtual semi-structured interviews were conducted (January–February 2021) with 28 workers employed by a Philippines-based non-governmental organization (NGO) to explore their lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed thematically using a hybrid inductive-deductive coding process, informed by Tronto's conceptualization of an ethic of care. Lived experiences among study participants were shaped by discourses of fear and care, and the interaction between these two affects. Participants reported everyday experiences of fear: NGO workers' fears of contracting and transmitting COVID-19 to others; perceived fear among community members where they worked; and fears around COVID-19 testing, recognizing the personal and social implications (e.g. stigma) of a positive test. Amid fear, participants had everyday experiences of care: care was a powerful motivator to continue their work; they felt supported by a caring organization that implemented safety protocols and provided material supports to those in quarantine; and they engaged in self-care practices. These findings contribute to understanding the ecosystem of actors involved in community-based health care and engagement efforts and the challenges they encounter in their work, particularly in a pandemic context. We highlight implications for civil society organizations charged with protecting the mental and physical well-being of their workers and describe how these actions can contribute to local health systems strengthening.

Mindfulness, Meditation, and Lucid Dreaming: A Narrow vs. Broad-Spectrum Mindfulness Study

Both lucid dreaming and mindfulness appear to involve metacognition and awareness, or “awareness of awareness” in which one is aware and consciously attends to present experiences. Despite evidence for the continuity hypothesis of dreaming (which posits dream content is connected and related to the concerns and thoughts in waking life), little research has explored a relationship between lucid dreaming and waking mindfulness. The present study explores the relationship among mindfulness experience, meditation practice history, and lucid dreaming. Undergraduate students and meditators completed questionnaires assessing trait mindfulness, lucid dreaming frequency, and meditation practices. Surprisingly, lucid dreaming was not associated with meditation practice frequency or narrow-spectrum mindfulness experiences like present-centered awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance. Lucid dreaming frequency was predicted only by dream recall and mindfulness-related experiences of Transcendence. Possible personality implications are discussed.

Utilization Patterns and Outcomes of People With Diabetes and COVID-19: Evidence From United States Medicare Beneficiaries in 2020.

Determine differences in utilization patterns, disease severity, and outcomes between patients with and without diabetes mellitus diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020. We used an observational cohort comprised of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with a medical claim indicating a COVID-19 diagnosis. We performed inverse probability weighting between beneficiaries with and without diabetes to account for differences in socio-demographic characteristics and comorbidities. In the unweighted comparison of beneficiaries, all characteristics were significantly different (P<0.001). Beneficiaries with diabetes were younger, more likely to be black, had more comorbidities, higher rates of Medicare-Medicaid dual-eligibility, and were less likely to be female. In the weighted sample, hospitalization rates for COVID-19 among beneficiaries with diabetes was higher (20.5% vs 17.1%; p < 0.001). Outcomes of hospitalizations were similarly worse among beneficiaries with diabetes: admissions to ICU during hospitalizations (7.78% vs. 6.11%; p < 0.001); in-hospital mortality (3.85% vs 2.93%; p < 0.001); and ICU mortality (2.41% vs 1.77%). Beneficiaries with diabetes had more ambulatory care visits (8.9 vs. 7.8, p < 0.001) and higher overall mortality (17.3% vs. 14.9%, p < 0.001) following COVID-19 diagnosis. Beneficiaries with diabetes and COVID-19 had higher rates of hospitalization, ICU use and overall mortality. While the mechanism of how diabetes impacts the severity of COVID-19 may not be fully understood, there are important clinical implications for persons with diabetes. A diagnosis of COVID-19 leads to greater financial and clinical burden than for their counterparts, persons without diabetes, including perhaps most significantly, higher death rates.

Advancing Activism Through Academic Scholarship: What’s in a Name (Revisited)

This article discusses an effort in the early 1990s to question the naming of campus edifices to recognize California state Senator William Craven (1973–1998), who made public statements considered anti-Latino while in office. During that period, there were very few movements to rename campus landmarks. This article analyzes one of these early movements and the personal and practical implications for the authors, who were proponents of the movement. We focus on how academic writing can be used to advance the project of educational justice, even if progress is slow and at times delayed.

An Investigation Into the Sensitivity of Personal Information and Implications for Disclosure: A UK Perspective

The perceived sensitivity of information is a crucial factor in both security and privacy concerns and the behaviors of individuals. Furthermore, such perceptions motivate how people disclose and share information with others. We study this topic by using an online questionnaire where a representative sample of 491 British citizens rated the sensitivity of different data items in a variety of scenarios. The sensitivity evaluations revealed in this study are compared to prior results from the US, Brazil and Germany, allowing us to examine the impact of culture. In addition to discovering similarities across cultures, we also identify new factors overlooked in the current research, including concerns about reactions from others, personal safety or mental health and finally, consequences of disclosure on others. We also highlight a difference between the regulatory perspective and the citizen perspective on information sensitivity. We then operationalized this understanding within several example use-cases exploring disclosures in the healthcare and finance industry, two areas where security is paramount. We explored the disclosures being made through two different interaction means: directly to a human or chatbot mediated (given that an increasing amount of personal data is shared with these agents in industry). We also explored the effect of anonymity in these contexts. Participants showed a significant reluctance to disclose information they considered “irrelevant” or “out of context” information disregarding other factors such as interaction means or anonymity. We also observed that chatbots proved detrimental to eliciting sensitive disclosures in the healthcare domain; however, within the finance domain, there was less effect. This article's findings provide new insights for those developing online systems intended to elicit sensitive personal information from users.

‘The Black Sea Is Our Mallorca’: The Making of the Tourist Experience in the German Democratic Republic

Abstract This article analyses the construction of the East German holiday experience in the 1960s and 1970s, when tourism became a mass phenomenon on both sides of the Iron Curtain. First, it discusses the role played by the West in shaping the expectations of GDR tourists. Mallorca was the ultimate, but not sole, destination, that influenced how East Germans imagined tourism abroad. Secondly, the article tackles how expectations compared with actual experiences. State surveillance, scarcity and lack of means were common challenges that East Germans had to face and clashed with the glittering image of tourism with which they were inundated from West Germany. The Bulgarian Black Sea emerged as a substitute for that Western tourism as other possibilities, such as socialist Cuba or Yugoslavia, were limited. Touring in Bulgaria became a long-lasting experience. The article approaches the multiple meanings of this type of vacation abroad. Political, experiential and personal implications shaped East Germans’ holidays and entangled experiences and expectations, and the article provides a broad understanding of the meanings of vacation and tourism for citizens of East Germany.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ ЇХНЬОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ

The article deals with the issue of preparation of future teachers to the development of ecological competence of secondary school pupils. A key figure in the formation of ecological competence of future generations of citizens is the teacher. Hence, professional qualifications of students working for a university degree in the field of teaching, their environmental education, environmental literacy, readiness for carrying out nature protection activities with children as well as their civic stance are crucial for the professional training of teachers. The authors analyse theoretical principles of the investigated problem, determine the essence of ecological competence, «readiness of future teachers of biology to the development of ecological competence of secondary school pupils», as an integrative characteristic of personality that shows in the attitude of students to the development of pupils’ ecological competence, students’ the realization of reasons and requirements in this activity. This is also demonstrated in the existence of thorough and versatile subject knowledge of disciplines in the chosen profession and ecological, psychological and pedagogical, social and ecological, methodological knowledge, abilities and skills in relation to the development of ecological competence of junior adolescents. The study theoretically proved and experimentally tested pedagogical conditions and methods of forming readiness of future teachers to the development of ecological competence of secondary school pupils in the process of learning at higher educational pedagogical establishments: activation of the need of students in capturing the methods of developing ecological competence of schoolchildren; using at the lessons in professional disciplines the design of fragments of professional and pedagogical activity for providing personal implication of students in ecological and educational activity; the motivated usage of tasks of ecological orientation in different types of practices undertaken by future biology teachers.

Russian dolls and epistemic crypts: A lived experience reflection on epistemic injustice and psychiatric confinement

Seclusion and restraint are the psychiatric practices most often considered in the context of ‘confinement’. This paper argues that confinement goes beyond just locked places, describing experiences of epistemic confinement, where people's personal truth can be locked up inside the dominance of biogenetic psychiatric narratives which frame contextual distress as ‘mental illness’. The author draws on her lived experience and perspective as a survivor academic, first to reflect on the University of Melbourne workshop ‘Confinement: Spaces and practices of care and control’, and then to consider personal experiences and implications of confinement. Both bodily and epistemic confinement are explored, including how these were experienced in the midst of emotional crises, the ways in which confinement worsened and reinforced distress, and its enduring impacts. It is proposed that bodily and epistemic confinement can cause serious, lasting trauma. The validity of confinement is questioned, in a sector which purportedly seeks therapeutic outcomes. Resistance is briefly examined as a reasonable, predictable and perhaps therapeutically beneficial response to these injustices. It is proposed that tackling epistemic injustice in confinement necessitates academic partnering with survivors, to coproduce new ways of knowing.

Trait and/or situation for evasive knowledge hiding? Multiple versus mixed-motives perspective of trait competitiveness and prosocial motivation in low- and high-trust work relationships

ABSTRACT Evasive knowledge hiding (EKH) is a behavioural phenomenon with important personal and organizational implications, whose intraindividual motivational antecedents and situational contingencies are still not sufficiently clarified. In this paper, we integrate mixed-motives and trait-activation theory to address EKH in low- and high-trust work relationships. The focus is on complex interactions of trait competitiveness and prosocial motivation while responding to a knowledge-seeking request by a (dis)trusted colleague. Our findings based on three mixed-methods studies (two factorial survey field studies and one quasi-experimental student-based study) provide general evidence of the overwhelmingly positive effect of trait competitiveness (i.e., pro-self motives) on EKH across situations. Additionally, we found that if competitive individuals are also prosocially motivated, their “paradoxical personality” will manifest in less EKH behaviour, especially if situational trust cue is positive. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Critical care nurses’ emotional intelligence: A scoping review

ObjectiveEmotional intelligence is often described as the ability to know own emotions and to be aware of other emotions. The emotional intelligence of critical care nurses is a necessary competence for work performance. The aim of this review is to map the evidence on emotional intelligence of nurses working in this specific context. MethodsScoping review based on Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance. Nurses as a population (P), critical care as a context (C) and emotional intelligence as a concept (C) were considered. Search was conducted using databases and electronic platforms such as CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive (via EBSCOhost), MedLine (via PubMed), SCOPUS and Web of Science. From a total of 40 citations, nine articles have been included in the review. ResultsThe 9 articles emphasise the relevance of emotional intelligence in the professional experience, in emotional exhaustion and burnout prevention, in enhancing the safety culture of the sick, in contributing to organisational citizenship behaviour, and in resilience. ConclusionEmotional intelligence is a core competency of critical care nurses, with professional, personal and organisational implications.