Implications For Management Research Articles

컨설팅전문기업 경영컨설턴트의 직무자율성, 직무재창조, 개인-직무적합성 및 조직몰입의 구조적 관계

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between job autonomy, job crafting, person-job fit, and organizational commitment of management consultants of consulting companies. The instrument consisted of measurement tools used in previous studies and modified to fit the job context of management consultants. The responses of 352 management consultants in consulting companies were utilized in the analysis. Reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and multicollinearity analysis were conducted using SPSS 29.0 for Windows. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed using the lavaan package in R. The results of the study are as follows. First, a structural relationship model was derived for predicting the causal relationship between job autonomy, job crafting, person-job fit, and organizational commitment of management consultants in consulting companies. Second, the person-job fit of management consultants was shown to have a direct and positive effect on organizational commitment. Job autonomy and job crafting did not significantly affect organizational commitment. Third, the job autonomy of management consultants was found to have a statistically significant effect on organizational commitment through job crafting and person-job fit. Job autonomy has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment with person-job fit as a single mediation and a significant positive effect on organizational commitment with job crafting and person-job fit as dual mediation. Based on these results, suggestions for enhancing the level of organizational commitment of management consultants and implications for follow-up research were presented.

Assessing Fire Regimes in the Paraguayan Chaco: Implications for Ecological and Fire Management

This study analyzed the fire regime in the highly diverse Paraguayan Chaco, focusing on different aspects of fire patterns, including spatial (area burned) and temporal (frequency) aspects and magnitude (severity). We focused on fire as it is a natural phenomenon that drives ecosystem change and has significant economic, ecological and social impacts of particular concern in vulnerable ecosystems. Using the K-means clustering technique, we identified four distinct fire regimes in the study region: High (H), Moderately High (MH), Moderately Low (ML) and Low (L). On the one hand, the Dry Chaco predominantly featured Low and Moderately High regimes, characterized by a low fire frequency due to arid conditions. On the other hand, the Humid Chaco was particularly affected by agricultural burning, driven by extensive livestock activity and higher biomass productivity. Finally, in the Pantanal, the variations in fire intensity were influenced by flood pulses and rainfall patterns. Our findings highlight the distinct fire regimes across the Paraguayan Chaco and detail the differences in the regimes. The study’s findings are valuable for developing efficient management strategies that account for fire behaviour during agricultural burning in this poorly studied region.

Effect of biochar application on physiochemical properties and nitrate degradation rate in a Siliciclastic Riverine Sandy soil

This study investigated the efficacy of biochar as a soil amendment for enhancing soil physicochemical properties and solute transport dynamics, with implications for agricultural sustainability and environmental stewardship. Batch laboratory experiments and column studies were conducted to assess the effects of biochar application on soil parameters and solute transport under saturated conditions. The saturation soil extraction approach was employed in batch leaching tests, while column experiments replicated subsurface conditions. Transport modeling using CXTFIT 2.1 elucidated solute dispersion dynamics in biochar-amended soils. Batch experiments revealed significant alterations in soil pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient release following biochar addition. Biochar exhibited adsorption capacity for fluoride ions and released dissolved organic carbon, highlighting its potential for soil carbon sequestration and microbial activity. Column studies demonstrated enhanced solute dispersion and increased microbial activity in biochar-amended soils, as evidenced by changes in breakthrough curves and degradation rates of nitrate. Indeed, nitrate first-order degradation coefficients were 9.08E-06 for the column with only sandy soil, 3.09E-05 and 1.47E-04 for the columns with minimum and maximum doses of biochar respectively. Biochar application significantly influenced soil physicochemical properties and solute transport dynamics, with potential implications for nutrient management and contaminant attenuation in agricultural systems. Despite limitations in laboratory-scale experiments, this research provides valuable insights into biochar-soil interactions. It underscores the need for further investigation under field conditions to validate findings and optimize biochar management practices for sustainable soil and environmental management.

The distribution of seaweed forms and foundational assumptions in seaweed biology

Seaweeds are the most phylogenetically diverse group of multicellular organisms and rank foremost among marine keystone species. Due to their taxonomic diversity and functional importance, previous studies have classified seaweeds into functional groups based on qualitative or semi-quantitative traits, such as seaweed form, anatomy, and thickness. Despite the widespread use of seaweed functional groups from basic marine ecology to coastal monitoring, it is not known how accurate such morphology-based proposals are in grouping seaweeds by their form. To address this uncertainty at the foundations of seaweed biology, we surveyed and gathered all available data on seaweed forms using PRISMA protocols. We used the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V), a quantitative and universal measure of seaweed form, to assess the distribution and diversity of seaweed morphology across 99 species from three phyla. We show that seaweed surface area to volume ratio values span 3.64 orders of magnitude and follow a continuous and exponential distribution, without any significant gaps or clusters. We also tested current functional group schemes based on morphology and anatomy and showed that only 30% to 38% of their groups showed any significant pairwise differences in morphology. Our results challenge the basis of the current functional group approach in seaweed biology and suggest that a trait-based framework based on quantitative and continuous measures of seaweed form could provide a simpler and more accurate alternative to functionally assess seaweed ecology and physiology, as well as its implications for coastal ecosystem management.

Spatial Patterns of Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in Eastern Hemlock Stands: Implications for Sampling and Management.

Understanding the spatial patterns of insect pests and their associations with their environments is crucial for developing effective sampling and management plans. This study was conducted to identify optimal sampling units for the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) and to characterize its spatial distribution patterns in hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) stands in West Virginia, USA. To determine the optimal sampling unit, we randomly selected 24 branches from each of 46 A. tsugae-infested hemlock trees. The locations and number of A. tsugae ovisacs on each branch were recorded and the coefficient of variation was used to choose the optimal sampling units. To determine the spatial patterns of A. tsugae, each of the three 1-ha hemlock stands was divided into 100 grids, and ovisac counts were taken from the center of each grid. Semivariograms and spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) were used to analyze the spatial patterns of A. tsugae. In addition, various environmental and biological factors were measured to explore their spatial associations with A. tsugae. The results of this study revealed that the A. tsugae ovisacs exhibited spatial aggregation within branches, predominantly at the tips, and a 50 cm branch approximately 3 m above the ground was the optimal sampling unit. The spatial aggregation of A. tsugae in the hemlock stands was evident, and positive spatial associations were found between A. tsugae populations and factors including the aspect, tree diameter at breast height, and tree height. These findings offer valuable insights for the sampling and management of A. tsugae.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a comprehensive review.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), poses a significant global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence and strong association with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the MASLD-CVD relationship, compares analysis of how different terminologies for fatty liver disease affect cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment using different diagnostic criteria, explores the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting MASLD to CVD, the influence of MASLD on traditional CV risk factors, the role of noninvasive imaging techniques and biomarkers in the assessment of CV risk in patients with MASLD, and the implications for clinical management and prevention strategies. By incorporating current research and clinical guidelines, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay between MASLD and cardiovascular health.

Mortality rates in people presenting with a new diabetes-related foot ulcer: a cohort study with implications for management.

People with diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFUs) have high mortality rates. This analysis assesses the impact of selected risk factors on short-term mortality using a population registered in the National Diabetes Foot Care Audit (NDFA). Mortality rates at 12, 26 and 52 weeks was assessed in people with a new DFU registered by a specialist diabetes footcare service in the NDFA in England and Wales between April 2017 and March 2022. Poisson regression models were created to explore risk factors for mortality. In 71,000 people registered with a new DFU, mortality rates at 12, 26 and 52 weeks was 4.2%, 8.2% and 14.4%, respectively. At 26 weeks, higher mortality rates was associated with older age (rate ratio 2.15; 95% CI 2.03, 2.28, for age ≥80 years vs age 65-79 years), certain ulcer characteristics (area ≥1 cm2 [1.50; 95% CI 1.42, 1.59], deep ulcers [1.26; 95% CI 1.18, 1.35] or hindfoot location [1.53; 95% CI 1.44, 1.62]) and recorded evidence of ischaemia in the lower limb (1.78; 95% CI 1.69, 1.88) and various comorbidities (heart failure [2.13; 95% CI 2.00, 2.26], myocardial infarction [1.45; 95% CI 1.29, 1.63], stroke [1.37; 95% CI 1.22, 1.53], renal replacement therapy [2.34; 95% CI 2.09, 2.61] and chronic kidney disease stage 3 or greater [1.20; 95% CI 1.12, 1.29]). The 26-week mortality rate exceeded 25% for 7.3% of all individuals, rising to 11.5% of those aged 65 years and older, and 22.1% of those aged 80 years and over. Short-term mortality rates in people with a DFU is high. Teams managing people with DFUs should consider modifying the burdensome interventions and care required to heal such ulcers so maximising the quality of residual life, rather than focusing exclusively on healing.

Toxoplasma Gondii infection and cardiovascular mortality: sex-specific differences in a United States population-based cohort study

BackgroundAlthough Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection has been linked to cardiac injury, the extent to which it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between T. gondii infection and CVD mortality in the United States population.MethodsThis study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2009 and 2014 to investigate the association between T. gondii infection and CVD mortality. The T. gondii infection status was determined by measuring serum T. gondii IgG antibody levels. CVD mortality outcomes were ascertained through linkage with the national mortality index records. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of T. gondii infection on CVD mortality.ResultsA total of 10,237 (Male, n = 5010; Female, n = 5227) individuals aged ≥ 20 years were included in the analysis, of which 1,632 were positive for T. gondii serum IgG antibodies. After a median follow-up of eight years, there were 312 deaths due to CVD. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the risk of death from CVD was 40% higher in T. gondii-seropositive men compared with seronegative men (HR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.02–1.93), but not in women (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.57–1.34). These results remained consistent in further stratified and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIn this large population-based cohort study, T. gondii infection was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality in men, but not in women. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential sex-specific differences in the effects of T. gondii infection on CVD mortality. Future investigations should focus on validating these results and exploring the potential implications for cardiovascular risk assessment and management.

Impacts of phosphite treatment on Phytophthora community assemblages and inoculum abundances in Phytophthora-infected forest soil

Phytophthora are causing declines in forest tree species worldwide and the chemical control treatment, phosphite, is the only treatment consistently shown to provide some protection to natural ecosystems from Phytophthora diseases. Phosphite inhibits Phytophthora growth and sporulation whilst boosting defence responses in the plant host. It is unclear, however, the extent of the impact of phosphite on Phytophthora species assemblages and inoculum abundances in soil around trees following treatment within natural ecosystems. In New Zealand, kauri (Agathis australis), an endemic and threatened foundation species, suffers from a dieback disease primarily caused by Phytophthora agathidicida. Phosphite is applied by trunk injection to kauri and has been shown to improve resin ‘bleed’ symptoms from basal trunk lesions and to promote recovery of thinned canopies. Phytophthora community and inoculum abundance were investigated in response to phosphite treatments at two field sites (Huia and Waitoki) in infected kauri stands in Auckland, New Zealand. At Huia, soil sampling and tree health surveying were conducted in November 2023 on trees treated with phosphite in 2012 as part of an earlier study. At Waitoki, the response to phosphite treatment was monitored 6 and 18 months following treatment. Phytophthora species were detected using soil baiting and metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) from soil and quantified with qPCR of root and soil DNA. Three species were detected with soil baiting (P. agathidicida, P. cinnamomi, and P. multivora) and two additional species with metabarcoding (P. pseudocryptogea, and an unknown clade 7 species similar to P. europaea). Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most abundant species, followed by P. agathidicida. Both species were more likely to occur together than by chance alone and were associated with declining tree health. The P. europaea-like species was in approximately 50% of the samples and was less likely to occur in roots with poorer health, or in association with P. agathidicida. The abundance of P. agathidicida inoculum was lower in the soil around the phosphite-treated trees than around the untreated control trees 1.5 years after treatment at Waitoki. Phosphite halted the lateral expansion of basal resin bleeds, and resin viscosity was reduced. Not only did phosphite treatments improve kauri dieback symptoms, but the phosphite treatments potentially had a direct impact on the epidemiology of the disease by reducing inoculum load around treated trees, with direct implications for disease management as an effective way to protect uninfected areas and minimise the spread of inoculum from infested zones.

Price Bubble and Co-bubble in the Green Economy Market

In light of growing concerns about climate change and environmental issues, investor interest has surged in the new green economy market. However, the existing literature is limited regarding potential price bubble and co-bubble within this new domain. This study examines price bubble and co-bubble in the new green economy market, covering 31 indexes classified into three groups: the green economy market and its components, geographical regions, and sectors. Using daily data from August 31, 2005, to May 31, 2024, a test procedure is first applied to detect periods of price bubble in the various indexes, then logistic regressions are employed to examine price co-bubble behaviours. The results show evidence of price bubble in the green economy market, particularly in solar and wind indexes, with peaks during the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict, whereas the water index is the least prone to price bubble. Regarding geographical region, the USA market exhibits a higher tendency for price bubble than the Asian or European markets. Several sectors are resistant to price bubble. The co-bubble analysis reveals a strong reliance of wind index on price bubble in the solar and water indexes. Price bubble in Asia significantly influences price bubble in Europe and the USA. These findings have implications for investment portfolio management and risk management strategies in the new green economy market.

Environmental DNA reveals spatial and temporal variation in fish communities before the 10-year fishing ban in the Poyang Lake Basin

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, and its unique ecosystem is an important biodiversity reservoir. Fish play an important role in the aquatic ecosystem of Poyang Lake. Accurate assessment of fish species diversity and community composition is essential for studies of fish ecology and conservation management. In this study, environmental DNA metabarcoding was used to analyze fish diversity and community structure in different habitats and seasons in the Poyang Lake Basin. A total of 52 fish species were identified, and limnicolous fish were the most abundant; most fish were omnivorous and small. The fish diversity index was highest in the spring and in the main lake area of Poyang Lake. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed significant differences in fish community structure among habitats. Water temperature and pH were the main environmental factors affecting fish community structure in the Poyang Lake Basin. Non-invasive environmental DNA monitoring methods could provide an important auxiliary method for monitoring fishery resources during the 10-year fishing ban period. This study provides basic information on the fish resources in the Poyang Lake Basin and has implications for fishery management and the development of ecological protection policies.

Development and validation of a survey instrument for reusable sanitary products toward sustainable menstrual hygiene.

The predominant use of disposable, non-organic menstrual products has significant environmental impacts due to waste and resource depletion. Concerns over the environmental, economic, and health implications of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) have highlighted the need to explore sustainable options like reusable sanitary pads (RSPs). Despite their benefits, the adoption of RSPs is limited by a lack of awareness, availability, cost, and research. This study emphasizes the need for the development of an instrument that can capture the effectiveness, safety, and user satisfaction of RSPs, addressing a significant gap in the literature. Using a convenient sampling method, data were collected through a structured offline survey and the sample comprised 446 South Asian women of reproductive age. The instrument included 15 items designed to measure factors such as comfort, hygiene, convenience, and environmental consciousness. The instrument's reliability and validity are thoroughly assessed using reliability and factor analysis to ensure its effectiveness in capturing the multifaceted dimensions of MHM product choices. The study revealed that the overwhelming majority of women would prefer the option of RSPs that are comfortable, accessible, and easy to use and dispose of. The findings aim to provide a validated tool for manufacturers, policymakers, and researchers to evaluate reusable pads, promoting their broader acceptance and adoption of a sustainable and equitable approach to menstrual hygiene.

Mapping critical soil moisture thresholds of water stress for global grasslands

The critical soil moisture threshold (SMth) of plant water stress distinguishes whether vegetation is in an energy-limited or water-limited regime. Accurate quantification of SMth for grasslands holds significant implications for drought monitoring and efficient grassland management. However, our understanding of SMth within global grasslands remains limited. In this study, we investigated the relationship between SMth and environmental factors and mapped the global SMth for grasslands based on the estimated SMth across FLUXNET sites. Firstly, SMth was identified and estimated for 18 distinct grassland sites. Then, the factors significantly affecting SMth were investigated and the global SMth for grasslands was predicted using an empirical linear model. Our results showed that SMth was significantly positively correlated with mean annual soil moisture (SM), mean annual precipitation (PRE), and maximum annual LAI (LAImax), while negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and shortwave radiation (RAD). These factors collectively constrain SMth well, with the coefficient of determination of 0.79. The estimated mean SMth for global grasslands from 2000 to 2021 is 27.8%, with a range from 1.3% to 55.2%. The SMth values are lower in the northern hemisphere than that in the southern hemisphere. The highest values of SMth, exceeding 40.0%, are mainly distributed in Brazil, Peru, Southern Europe, New Zealand and the Tibetan Plateau. In contrast, the lowest values, failing below 20.0%, are mainly distributed in Northern Canada, Greenland, Central African Savannah and Kazakhstan. The SMth is markedly lower in the arid region than that in the tropical and temperate regions. The quantified SMth in this study could provide a direct way to determine whether and to what extent grasslands are subjected to water stress, which would greatly facilitate the study of drought or water stress effects on vegetation growth for grassland ecosystems.

Evaluating land use and climate change impacts on Ravi river flows using GIS and hydrological modeling approach

The study investigates the interplay of land use dynamics and climate change on the hydrological regime of the Ravi River using a comprehensive approach integrating Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing, and hydrological modeling at the catchment scale. Employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, simulations were conducted to evaluate the hydrological response of the Ravi River to both current conditions and projected future scenarios of land use and climate change. This study differs from previous ones by simulating future land use and climate scenarios, offering a solid framework for understanding their impact on river flow dynamics. Model calibration and validation were performed for distinct periods (1999–2002 and 2003–2005), yielding satisfactory performance indicators (NSE, R2, PBIAS = 0.85, 0.83, and 10.01 in calibration and 0.87, 0.89, and 7.2 in validation). Through supervised classification techniques on Landsat imagery and TerrSet modeling, current and future land use maps were generated, revealing a notable increase in built-up areas from 1990 to 2020 and projections indicating further expansion by 31.7% from 2020 to 2100. Climate change projections under different socioeconomic pathways (SSP2 and SSP5) were derived for precipitation and temperature, with statistical downscaling applied using the CMhyd model. Results suggest substantial increases in precipitation (10.9 − 14.9%) and temperature (12.2 − 15.9%) across the SSP scenarios by the end of the century. Two scenarios, considering future climate conditions with current and future land use patterns, were analyzed to understand their combined impact on hydrological responses. In both scenarios, inflows to the Ravi River are projected to rise significantly (19.4 − 28.4%) from 2016 to 2100, indicating a considerable alteration in seasonal flow patterns. Additionally, historical data indicate a concerning trend of annual groundwater depth decline (0.8 m/year) from 1996 to 2020, attributed to land use and climate changes. The findings underscore the urgency for planners and managers to incorporate climate and land cover considerations into their strategies, given the potential implications for water resource management and environmental sustainability.

Assessing shifts in soil fungal community structure during the conversion of tropical semi-evergreen forest: implications for land use management

Assessing shifts in soil fungal community structure during the conversion of tropical semi-evergreen forest: implications for land use management

Silica Sand, Activated Carbon, and Manganese Zeolite for Clean Water Filtration

The General Background Water is essential for human life, but many rural areas still lack access to clean drinking water that meets health standards. In Sumbergedang Village, Pandaan, local water sources are often contaminated by dissolved metals and bacteria, posing risks to community health. Current filtration methods in the area are insufficient, and limited studies explore the combined use of silica sand, activated carbon, manganese zeolite, and UV sterilization for improving rural water quality. This study aims to evaluate the performance of these filtration materials and UV sterilization in producing safe drinking water for the village. The results show that the filtration system increased the pH of the water from 7.94 to 7.98, within acceptable drinking water standards. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of filtration materials with UV sterilization to address both chemical and microbial contaminants, offering a comprehensive solution for water purification. The findings suggest that, while the system effectively improves most water quality parameters, additional treatments may be required to reduce aluminum levels to meet national drinking water standards. These results have important implications for water management in rural areas facing similar challenges. Highlihts: The study combines mangan zeolite, silica sand, and activated carbon with UV sterilization for effective water purification. Filtration and UV treatment significantly reduced turbidity, odors, and bacterial contamination in spring water. Aluminum levels exceeded permissible limits, indicating the need for further modifications to the filtration system. Keywords: Water quality, filtration, UV sterilization, rural communities, aluminum levels

Thoracolumbar injuries: prehospital and emergency management, imaging, classifications and clinical implications.

Thoracolumbar fractures are common injuries that usually result from high energy trauma. They can lead to significant morbidity due to neurologic impair - or mortality - if not managed according to strict and rapid intervention rules in terms of decompression of the spinal cord, and rigid fixation of the fracture. This manuscript reviews emergency treatment protocols, imaging modalities, and classification systems used for thoracolumbar fractures. The emergency treatment is discussed, specific classifications are compared and indications for surgeries are compared.

Patterns of occurrence, phenology, and phylogeny of Phloeosinus punctatusLeConte(Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in giant sequoia.

Here, we describe patterns of reproduction and flight phenology of putative Phloeosinus punctatus in giant sequoia groves and compare morphology and genotypes of beetles from sympatric giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and California incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). Surveys conducted in 2022 revealed that numerous branches fall from giant sequoia crowns (on average ~30 branches/tree), with 20%-50% of trees per site shedding branches, depositing breeding material for beetles on the forest floor that subsequently becomes colonized. When noninfested branches cut from mature giant sequoias were placed at the ground surface, they were colonized by P. punctatus and produced an average of 28 beetles/kg branch. Climbing and examination of sequoia crowns in 2023 showed that 75% of mature trees across 11 groves showed evidence of adult beetle entrance holes in their crowns. In 2021, tests with sticky traps showed that beetles alighted on fallen branches from 20th May to 20th August (peak landing: 2nd July); a logistic model developed from emergence data in 2021 and 2022 predicts the emergence of F1 offspring from branches between 10th July and 1st September (peak emergence: 8th August). Beetles emerging from giant sequoia preferred to settle on giant sequoia, did not reproduce in incense-cedar, and diverged morphologically from beetles emerging from incense-cedar. However, phylogenetic analysis of three genes (28S, CAD, and COI) revealed no clear pattern of sequence divergence, suggesting a single species (P. punctatus) that colonizes both hosts, though cryptic speciation may not be detectable with standard barcoding genes. Ecological and potential management implications are discussed.

Developments in the epidemiology of calcium channel blocker poisoning and implications for management

Purpose of review The aim of this study was to outline recent developments in calcium channel blocker (CCB) poisoning. The dihydropyridine CCB amlodipine is commonly prescribed in the United States, and amlodipine poisoning is increasing in frequency, presenting new challenges for clinicians because current paradigms of CCB poisoning management arose from literature on non-dihydropyridine agents. Recent findings Amlodipine is now the most common CCB involved in poisoning. High-dose insulin is a potent inotrope and vasodilator; as such, it should be used cautiously, and typically in conjunction with vasopressors, as it theoretically may worsen vasodilation in amlodipine poisoning. High-dose insulin is best used when some degree of cardiogenic shock is suspected. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization in CCB poisoning appears to be increasing, but high flow rates may be needed to combat amlodipine-induced vasoplegia. Intravenous lipid emulsion cannot be routinely recommended but may have a role in peri-arrest situations. Adjunct treatments such as angiotensin II, methylene blue, and hydroxocobalamin offer theoretical benefit but warrant further study. Summary Amlodipine causes most cases of CCB poisoning and can induce both cardiogenic and distributive shock through multiple mechanisms. Clinicians should tailor treatment to suspected shock etiology, be aware of adjunct treatments for refractory shock, and consult an expert in poisoning.

Current Evidence on and Clinical Implications of Vitamin D Levels in Pain and Functional Management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.

Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease that affects quality of life and increases public health costs. Knee osteoarthritis is a frequent form, marked by joint degeneration, pain, stiffness, and functional restrictions. Factors such as age, genetics, joint injuries, obesity, and vitamin D deficiency can affect knee osteoarthritis progression. While the exact link between vitamin D and osteoarthritis is still being studied, recent research indicates that low vitamin D levels might influence the articular cartilage's structure and function, potentially accelerating osteoarthritis. This review aims to analyze the last decade of research on vitamin D's role in osteoarthritis. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Relevant studies from the last ten years were included to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and knee osteoarthritis. The inclusion criteria were studies examining the role of vitamin D in cartilage health and osteoarthritis progression and the potential clinical implications for disease management. This review identified a variety of studies exploring the connection between vitamin D and osteoarthritis, with mixed findings. The relationship between vitamin D and knee osteoarthritis remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research. An updated evaluation of the literature is crucial for osteoarthritis management strategies and to potentially include vitamin D supplementation in therapeutic protocols.