Implementation Of State Policy Research Articles

Formation of Inter-Ethnic Solidarity of The Kazakhstani Society Based on The Implementation of The Multiculturalism Concept in The Student Environment

The article presents the results of a sociological study on the problem of modern inter-ethnic relations among students based on the concept of multiculturalism. The purpose of this study is to identify the attitudes of urban students towards the implementation of the ideology of multiculturalism, and the implementation of interethnic communication; to identify possible strategies for their behavior in a situation of interethnic tension and conflict in the context of the implemented state policy in the field of interethnic relations. The survey showed that Kazakhstani students have a high level of interethnic tolerance and are ready to enter into interethnic relations, which confirms the existence and implementation of the ideas of multiculturalism. The ideas of multiculturalism in the higher education system of Kazakhstan are implemented through various mechanisms that allow for preserving ethnic diversity and strengthening interethnic harmony, which contributes to the formation of interethnic solidarity in society.

Ways to stimulate business towards socially responsible behavior and respect for human rights in the economic sphere

The article focuses on the growing role and importance of socially responsible business behavior. This is associated with a number of factors, such as the increasing ethical consciousness of society, the growing impact of business on the environment and people’s lives, and intensified competition in the market. It is noted that socially responsible business behavior involves respect for human rights, environmental protection, investment in human capital, and the fight against corruption. The purpose of the article is to explore and substantiate the ways to stimulate business towards socially responsible and respect human rights in the economic sphere. This goal is realized in the article by solving the following research tasks: the author analyzes the concept and essence of socially responsible business behavior and respect for human rights in international legal documents; defines the basic principles of socially responsible business behavior; studies the factors influencing the incentives for business towards socially responsible behavior; and develops and substantiates a complex of measures to stimulate business towards socially responsible behavior and respect for human rights. The author explores the role of business in society and the need to take into account social and ethical aspects in its activities. The author analyzes the impact of socially responsible behavior of business entities on economic development and positive impact on society as a whole. The expected results of the proposed measures are determined. The general conclusion of the article is that socially responsible business behavior and respect for human rights in the economic sphere are important components of sustainable development in modern society. Specific recommendations are proposed for enterprises to engage in these processes and maximize their social impact. The results of this study can be used to develop and implement state policy in the field of stimulating socially responsible business behavior, as well as for self-improvement of business entities.

Legal forms, directions and tools of international cooperation in the field of prevention and counteraction of crime against the economic system

This scientific article examines the legal forms, directions and tools of international cooperation in the field of preventing and countering crime against the economic system. The conditions of globalization, internationalization and digital society have significantly increased the importance of international cooperation in the field of law enforcement activities for the formation and implementation of state policy on the prevention and counteraction of criminal offenses against the economic system. The rapid spread of globalization has led to the expansion of the scope of crime and corruption, which go beyond state control and violate the international legal order. The growing scale and threat of crime emphasizes the need to increase the importance of cooperation between states in the fight against this phenomenon, as well as conducting scientific research in this area. The results of the study confirm the need to determine the specifics of legal forms, tools and directions of international cooperation in the field of crime prevention and countermeasures. It has been established that national legislation provides for the use of various legal forms of international cooperation, including the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements, participation in international organizations and cooperation with international police organizations such as INTERPOL, EUROPOL, ASEANAPOL, AMERIPOL, AFRIPOL, GCCPOL, AIMC. It is also important to take into account the specifics of the activities of these international police organizations. In addition, national sources of law were identified that regulate international cooperation in the field of law enforcement. These results highlight the need to develop effective strategies and policies to counter crime that threatens the economic system at the international level.

Funds of the state archive of the Kursk region on the state of industry in 1970-1980: industries and enterprises

Relevance. In the context of structural and quantitative changes in modern Russian industry and, in particular, in regional industry, it is relevant to turn to the history of the development of industrial production in the conditions of developed socialism. It was a period of opening new enterprises, increasing industrial production, and increasing labor productivity.Purpose. To investigate the branches and industrial enterprises of the Kursk region, which operated in the 1970s and 1980s. according to the funds of the State Archive of the Kursk region.Objectives: to analyze the scientific reference apparatus of the State Archive of the Kursk region for the detailed identification of industrial enterprises of the Kursk region in the period under study.Methodology. The author's methodology is based on the principles of objectivity and comprehensiveness. During the research, scientific methods were used: synthesis, analysis, generalization, ideographic.Results. In the study, the author gave a description of the industrial enterprises of the Kursk region operating in the 1970s and 1980s and their sectoral subordination.Conclusion. The Kursk region in the 1970s and 1980s was a developed industrial region. A large number of industrial enterprises of various industries were actively operating here: from mining, nuclear, machine-building to food. Enterprises that operated until October 1917 and then nationalized have been preserved in the region. Some of the enterprises were opened before the Great Patriotic War. But most of the enterprises in the region were built and began their production activities in the 1950s and 1960s. Having gone through numerous changes of sectoral subordination, the regional industry successfully developed in the 1970s and 1980s. This is evidence of the implementation of state policy aimed at boosting the economy through the development of industrial production.

International cooperation in public control of local governments: lessons for Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to examine the legal framework and general theoretical aspects of the formation and implementation of state policy regarding public control over local self-government bodies, comparing regulations in Ukraine and European Union member states. The study employs dialectical, synthesis, and theoretical analysis methods to investigate public control in Ukraine, and systemic-structural, formal-logical, and comparative-legal methods to compare public control practices in Ukraine and other countries. The research highlights that international experience is crucial for improving the functioning of local self-government bodies in Ukraine, and public control over their activities is a factor stimulating the improvement of the implementation of their powers. The need for all countries to coordinate and improve the legal framework for effective cooperation at the municipal level is emphasized. The study notes that under martial law in Ukraine, methods of public control over the functioning of local self-government bodies are limited. Based on the analysis of the aforementioned works, forms of international cooperation in the field of public control over the exercise of local power have been determined.

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT VOLUNTEERING AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Volunteering, as defined, is an activity carried out voluntarily by anindividual, without expecting directly or implicitly a financial reward or goods. It plays animportant role in democratic societies, often being a form of social inclusion and integration,contributing to the development and implementation of state policies, and being an instrumentfor promoting social cohesion. “Volunteering is the best example of democracy. We vote inelections, but when you volunteer, you vote every day for the community in which you want tolive.” Marjorie Moore

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE POLICY OF VOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT OF COMPATRIOTS AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The study examines the conceptual political and legal foundations for the formation and implementation of state policy on the voluntary resettlement of compatriots. One of the main tasks of this direction of state policy at the present stage is the return and attraction to the state of persons in demand by the economy and ready for faster integration into the host society, which actualizes the need to develop resettlement programs not only for potential compatriots currently living in the territories of post-Soviet states or states of Western Europe, the USA and Canada, but also , the creation of mechanisms for the resettlement of foreigners who are not included in the category of “compatriot”, but nevertheless, ready to integrate into Russian society, having a similar cultural code. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is formed in the paradigm of understanding the state policy on the voluntary resettlement of compatriots as an integral part of the migration policy of the state, which determines the use of approaches characteristic of various disciplines to the study of migration as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. Institutional and comparative approaches were used as the main approaches to scientific research adopted at the level of classical political science. Induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis are also reflected in the study. In the article, the state policy of voluntary resettlement of compatriots from abroad is considered from the point of view of solving the strategic tasks of the state in terms of increasing human capital, solving demographic problems and spatial development. The development of effective appropriate solutions in the analyzed area is the result not only of the application of a formal legal approach typical for the adjustment of migration legislation, but also of comparative studies involving the selection and co-optation of the most successful resettlement practices of foreign countries. At the same time, the narratives of the “Russian World” as a source of formation of a new civic community become the ideological concept of a new approach to the repatriation of persons of these categories.

Legal Support for Sovereignty in the Digital Space

Introduction. Sovereignty, that is, the existence of a state independent of the will of other external entities has at all times been the goal for a society united, among other things, by living within the boundaries of its own territories. In the context of globalization, traditional factors of preserving state sovereignty are no longer enough. A serious reason that can influence the sovereignty of a state is the development of technology, namely digital technology. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The subject of this study is the theoretical and legal aspects of ensuring sovereignty in the digital space, as one of the factors of state sovereignty. The study was conducted based on methods of logical and legal analysis. With their help, the components of digital sovereignty were identified, which can be divided into two groups: 1) information security; 2) technological sovereignty. Results. Digital space has its own characteristics: unlike physical space, it has no territorial boundaries and its volume depends only on the technical capabilities of electronic computers. Due to the lack of awareness from the very beginning of the formation of the Internet on the part of all states without exception and the world community as a whole of the danger of user behavior uncontrolled by law and morality, the digital space has acquired the image of a “through the looking glass”, in which the traditional understanding of law and order is blurred, distorted or completely absent . At the same time, the modern digital space is a kind of continuation of the “traditional” physical world and, due to its properties, is one of the components of ensuring state sovereignty. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: to ensure the digital sovereignty of the Russian Federation, it is necessary: 1) theoretical development of the concept of legal regulation of the digital space; 2) creating conditions for the development of technological independence in the microelectronics and software industries; 3) development and implementation of state policy on active presence in the digital space as an equal participant in such legal relations by promoting one’s own interests in the global telecommunications network Internet. The process of legal regulation of legal relations in the digital space by the state should be built not only on the principles of achieving accessibility of content, but also ensuring the quality of its content.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА У СФЕРІ ВИКОНАННЯ ПОКАРАНЬ В УКРАЇНІ: БЕЗПЕКОВИЙ ВИМІР

State policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension is implemented by bodies and institutions of execution of punishments of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. It is noted that the main subject of the formation of such a policy is the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Because of the fact that Ukraine is on the way to European integration, the state policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension should be consistent with international policy, which plays an important role in the formation and implementation of international standards for the treatment of convicts and prisoners. It has been proven that the state policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension, being in a close relationship with other elements of it, acts as a guarantor of the safety of convicts and personnel of institutions of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine and probation bodies as State institution «Probation Center». Our thorough analysis of the source base of the subject of research shows that domestic scientists do not pay enough attention to the state policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension, since this policy is considered, as a rule, by scientists, in the context of criminal law policy. Our thorough analysis of the source base of the subject of research shows that domestic scientists do not pay enough attention to the state policy in the field of execution of punishment in the security dimension, since this policy is considered, as a rule, by scientists, in the context of criminal law policy. At the same time, the state policy in the field of execution of punishments in the security dimension should also affect the balance of interests of personnel and convicts during the execution/serving of punishments, which will allow to open a new vision of reforming the criminal and executive system of Ukraine and its transformation into a penitentiary system, create equal opportunities between subjects of penitentiary legal relations for the realization of a single goal: socialization, resocialization and reintegration of convicts into society after release. The opinion is substantiated that the state policy in the field of execution of punishments in the security dimension should undergo appropriate conservation, conservatism in places of imprisonment (Latin «conserve» – protect, preserve), which is one of the guarantees of its stability. In this regard, the legal meaning of the concept of state policy in the field of execution of punishments in the security dimension should be enshrined in the new Criminal Code of Ukraine, as a priority of the supremacy of the rights and legitimate interests of convicts during execution/serving of punishment. The main security dimensions of the execution of punishment in the bodies and institutions of the execution of punishments of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine were formulated, namely: legal security of convicts and staff of places of imprisonment; manifestations of subculture among convicts; violence in places of imprisonment, both among convicts and personnel and convicts; material and household support, health care, safety of convicts’ involvement in work; features of execution of punishments not related to deprivation of liberty in the occupied territories; challenges of war, etc. New approaches to the implementation of state policy in the field of execution of punishments in the security dimension are proposed. They can be implemented by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine after our victory over the aggressor state of the Russian Federation. Key words: policy, penitentiary system, execution, punishment, convict, personnel, academic staff, State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine, places of detention, security dimension, health care, legal status, rank and command staff, legitimacy, disciplinary liability, abuse of official position, correction, resocialization, material support, subculture, violence, torture.

Legal regulation of sports relations in Ukraine at the current stage

The paper is devoted to the study of topical issues of sports law, which allow us to consider it as an industry that has signs of relative independence and is characterized by the complexity of norms. The domestic normative and legal framework for the regulation of sports relations is analyzed. The opinions of specific researchers regarding the prospects for the development of public administration of physical culture and sports, regarding views on the underdeveloped system of norms in this field and the problem of further adaptation of legislation to such changes are analyzed. Sports law is a fairly young branch of the Ukrainian legal system. The need for the development of this field is determined by the fact that sport, like any other sphere of social relations, needs qualified lawyers who understand its specifics. Legal regulation of relations in various spheres of social life has undergone drastic changes in connection with full-scale aggression. The introduction of martial law in Ukraine and the extension of the period of martial law made adjustments in the field of physical culture and sports. At the current stage, the formation of regulatory and legal support for the development of physical culture and sports in Ukraine continues, which is characterized by the legal regulation of relations through the adoption of legislative and regulatory documents, decisions of state bodies, and the development and implementation of target complex programs. However, the main problems related to the need for a quick response to political, economic and other socio-legal changes in the world and in Ukraine, taking into account the available opportunities for the implementation of state policy in the field of physical culture, need to be solved.

Військові виплати: поняття та адміністративна проблематика воєнного часу

This article examines the system of military benefits in Ukraine, focusing on their structure, scope, and impact on military personnel and their families. In particular, the different types of military payments, such as salaries, allowances for special conditions of service, disability compensation and pensions, are examined. Changes in legislation on military benefits and their compliance with international standards are also analyzed. It emphasizes the importance of adequate financial support for the military to maintain their combat readiness and morale. A detailed analysis reveals what factors influence the level of military payments, including budgetary constraints, the economic situation in the country, and the army’s need for modern weapons and equipment. The article also examines the effectiveness of the system of payments in providing social protection to military personnel and their families, as well as the possibility of ensuring an adequate standard of living after retirement. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of what improvements can be made to the military pay system to make military careers more attractive and ensure stability in the military. The article also analyzes the role of military payments in maintaining military discipline and motivation of personnel. In particular, the article discusses the timeliness and regularity of payments, their correspondence to the actual living expenses of the military, as well as the possibility of receiving additional incentives for length of service, military ranks or special tasks. Finally, the article highlights the prospects for further development of the military pay system in Ukraine and the importance of improving this system in order to ensure national security and defense capability. The article also addresses the urgent problem of social security for military personnel in the context of armed conflict. The author analyzes the current state of payments to military personnel, including salaries, additional remuneration and compensation. The main focus is on legislative changes that have taken place in recent years and their impact on the welfare of the military. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of recent legislative initiatives aimed at improving the social protection of military personnel. The provisions of the new laws and regulations governing payments, as well as their effectiveness and impact on the motivation of the military are examined in detail. The article also analyzes the problems of implementing these laws in practice, including bureaucratic obstacles and insufficient funding. The article concludes that the military pay system needs to be further improved, emphasizing the importance of timely and fair financial support for military personnel as one of the key factors in maintaining the army’s combat capability and morale. The author offers recommendations on possible areas for reforming the payment system, including the introduction of new mechanisms for controlling and ensuring transparency of financial flows. The article is important for researchers in the field of social policy, military experts, and those involved in the process of formulating and implementing state policy in the field of defense. It contributes to a deeper understanding of the problems and prospects for the development of the social security system for military personnel in Ukraine, which is an important aspect of ensuring national security and stability of the state.

Educational Information Technologies for Fostering Pedagogical Activity and Strengthening Public Health in the Context of Implementing State Policy on the Education of Humanistic-Legal Values

Educational Information Technologies for Fostering Pedagogical Activity and Strengthening Public Health in the Context of Implementing State Policy on the Education of Humanistic-Legal Values

Green investments: a modern tool for sustainable development of tourism (on the example of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara)

The article discusses the impact of green investments on the sustainable development of tourism in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the creation of an eco-friendly, diverse tourist product. Data from various sources were studied and analyzed using the method of qualitative literature review, on the basis of which it was determined that the approach of making green investments in the world is becoming more and more relevant and responds to the challenges facing humanity globally - the creation of an eco-friendly environment, especially where people go for recreation and health. The article explains the global practice of green investments and their use, the findings reflected in the international scientific literature. Within the framework of the article, qualitative research was carried out using international literature, world practice, the Ministry of Finance and Economy of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, A study of the activities, strategic plans and investment policies of the Department of Tourism and Resorts of Adjara, NNLE Tourism Products Development Agency on the positive impact of green investments. By evaluating the statistical data and using the comparative-analytical method, it was determined that there is a scarcity of green investments in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, from the point of view of the tourist product, services are mainly provided using natural resources. By generalizing the results of the research, recommendations are created that will help the Autonomous Republic of Adjara to create a variety of tourist products and reduce the impact on the environment in the wake of mass tourism. In addition, this will allow the region to establish the status of a 4season tourist destination in international target countries. The possibility of implementing the presented recommendations requires additional research, both of the environmental study and of the domestic tax policy. The article will be interesting for specialists who work in the field of state policy research and implementation of innovative governance systems and mechanisms, as well as for students.

DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL MECHANISM FOR ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN UKRAINE

The author emphasises that Ukrainian legislation does not contain a comprehensive legal regulation of public administration in the area of ensuring food security of Ukraine. That is why there is an urgent need to reform, first of all, the regulatory support of this function of public administration. The main directions of such reform should be: 1) adoption of a specialised law which would lay down a new legal basis for public administration in the area of food security of Ukraine; 2) improvement of the mechanism of strategic planning of the relevant area of state policy; 3) introduction of European principles and standards of public administration in this area; 4) improvement of interaction between civil society institutions and public administration in the course of public administration in the area of food security of Ukraine. In conclusion, it is emphasised that the new law on food security of Ukraine should clearly define the system of goals and objectives of public administration in the field of food security of Ukraine, delimit the powers and competence of public administration entities within this functional area of their activities, and determine the mechanism for guaranteeing physical and economic access to food and essential goods for everyone. In addition, the Food Security Strategy for the period up to 2030 should be adopted, which should: include the principles of food security generally recognised in the EU; regulate Ukraine’s participation in ensuring global food security; involve digital technologies in agricultural production; and expand cooperation with civil society institutions in the implementation of state policy in this area.

ინტეგრაციისა და რეინტეგრაციის ბენეფიციარების საჭიროების კვლევა

Georgia faces significant challenges, the main of which is the rapid and sustainable development of the country's economy in adherence to the principles of the free market, the establishment of institutions relevant to the modern European and universal democratic values system, the provision of social welfare, and integration into the European and Euro-Atlantic space. Overcoming these challenges and building a modern democratic state requires systemic changes in the management and implementation of state policy. Despite the legislative reforms implemented in the field of migration in recent years, the improvement of legal mechanisms for regulating this area remains a challenge, while certain issues still require legal regulation due to the needs of the beneficiaries. Based on the results of the survey, it is advisable to implement the following measures in order to better integrate internationally protected persons: promoting the teaching of the Georgian language, improving access to public services, employment assistance, budget increase of integration programs.

Leisure Culture of Urban Residents in Khakassia in the 1930s.

The main types of leisure activities in the region are considered. Leisure culture was based on upbringing a “new Soviet man” and was aimed at acquainting residents with cultural events. The organization of leisure time, based on the ideas of socialism, has affected all segments of the population without age restrictions. The reconstruction of leisure culture in the era of industrialization is an urgent research for further study of the history of Soviet culture and its consequences in the post-Soviet period. The purpose of the article is to consider the process of introducing the Soviet model of leisure culture among the citizens of Khakassia in the 1930s. The principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, as well as historical-systemic and retrospective methods were used in the work. The primary objectives of successful industrialization were to increase the educational and professional level of the local population. In non-production activities, great importance was attached to political education and indoctrination of citizens. Local authorities have managed to make some progress in organizing and conducting events aimed at the cultural, intellectual and physical development of urban residents. With regard to the younger generation, emphasis was placed on education based on the collectivist principles. Education and physical development became one of the priority forms of youth leisure. For the first time in the region, local authorities began to organize measures to improve the population’s health. Along with the obvious successes, shortcomings in the urban leisure culture were identified. The main difficulties in organizing and conducting cultural events were insufficient funding and lack of material resources. The poor condition of leisure facilities and the quality of their work prevented the successful improvement of urban residents’ cultural level. Initially, cultural events, organized by local authorities took into account the national specifics of the region, but gradually, facing current requirements, collectivist principles and ideas of upbringing a “new Soviet man” began to dominate in urban residents’ leisure culture. Learning from past experience is necessary for the successful implementation of modern state policy in the field of culture.

Особливості державної підтримки стартап-підприємництва в європейських країнах

The article examines the specifics of state support for startup industries in European countries. The authors analyze the main directions and features of implementing state policies in the field of innovation and startup entrepreneurship development. Existing tools for activating innovative and startup activities applied worldwide were identified. State support for the startup industry includes financial and non-financial assistance, as well as the creation of a favorable business environment. The essence and directions of state support for startups should depend on the stages of the innovation process and the needs of startups at each stage of their life cycle. Therefore, state support tools for startup entrepreneurship need to be differentiated and considered based on the innovation development needs at each stage. European Union countries employ various approaches to state support for innovation. Some countries, such as Spain, France, and Germany, directly support innovation in enterprises by providing financial and non-financial assistance. Others, like Finland, utilize indirect methods to stimulate innovation, such as subsidies and tax incentives. The predictability of state support for innovation is a crucial factor in its effectiveness. The article proposes recommendations for adapting and implementing effective mechanisms and tools to activate innovative and startup activities in Ukraine. Considering the resource constraints faced by Ukraine, particularly during full-scale warfare, the government must prioritize supporting selected startups and projects relevant to the country’s current circumstances. Post-war reconstruction efforts should involve creating a favorable legal and institutional environment to simplify the initiation and management of startup projects. Stimulating collaboration between businesses, research institutions, and universities through the development of innovation and technology spaces, incubators, accelerators, and startup schools is essential to support initiatives from talented youth, providing opportunities for skills enhancement and education for young entrepreneurs.

Analysis of the reform of prosecutor’s offices in EU countries: lessons for Ukraine

Introduction. The need to establish the rule of law in Ukraine, to choose a course for membership in the European Union, to adapt Ukrainian legislation to EU legislation, the legal basis of which is determined by the National Program for the Adaptation of Ukrainian Legislation, as well as to improve the legal basis of the functioning of the prosecutor’s office of Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the main aspects of the reform of prosecutor’s offices in the EU countries, as well as to investigate the issue of their application in Ukraine. The results. At the current stage of the development of the Ukrainian state, the course towards integration into the European Union and the need to raise the necessary standards of compliance with human rights and freedoms require the most effective and rational choice of the organizational and management structure, as well as the functioning of the prosecutor’s office. The prosecutor’s office has always been considered and used as an effective tool for the developзment of social relations and, in particular, strengthening the rule of law as a fundamental value of society and the state. The corresponding democratic structures of the national legal systems of developed countries clearly define that the prosecutor’s office is one of the fundamental state institutions that ensures the rule of law and protection of human rights. It goes without saying that without the proper organization and effective functioning of the prosecutor’s office, the existence of a legal state would be impossible. The complex of mechanisms for harmonizing the legislation of Ukraine with European standards is aimed at the implementation of state policy on the creation of a modern national legal system by improving the law-making and law-enforcement activities of state authorities, introducing a unified system of planning, coordination and monitoring of law-enforcement work. There will be optimization of prosecutorial activity management processes, primarily through digitization. Conclusion. Using the foreign experience of administrative and legal support of the activities of the prosecutor’s office, it is important to consider that external standards can influence the internal model of the national prosecutor’s office and lead to the replacement of its specific features in favor of general external standards that correspond to the general dynamics of globalization.

Vehicle-to-Grid Revenue from Retail Time-of-Day Rates, Compared with Wholesale Market Participation under FERC Order 2222

This article compares potential revenue from electric storage in retail and wholesale electric markets. The retail value can be extracted when storage responds to time-of-day retail prices. The wholesale value is enabled by the recent US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Order 2222, which requires regional transmission operators (RTOs) to allow distributed storage behind the meter to participate in wholesale electric markets. To quantify the value of these markets, we use realistic time-of-day rates and market prices in one RTO’s ancillary service market. Formulae are developed to estimate the value of behind-the-meter storage in wholesale and retail markets, using an example electric vehicle in a fleet setting. The formulae are also used to compare whether or not net metering is available and different charging rates. The aggregate national storage behind the retail meter is very large, given the projected growth of electric vehicles. Our findings indicate the revenue from wholesale markets can be significantly more than that of retail opportunities. However, the potential in either retail or wholesale markets is currently limited by both state policy and incomplete RTO implementation of FERC orders.

Отдельные проблемы, связанные с правом на труд медицинских работников (часть первая)

The right to work for medical workers in the Russian Federation is limited by many requirements, prohibitions, and conditions. The first part of the article is devoted to the consideration of certain restrictions concerning medical and other education that allows you to be considered a medical professional, as well as the accreditation of a specialist, which (according to the legislator) is a procedure for determining the compliance of a person who has received medical or other education with the requirements for carrying out medical activities in a certain medical specialty. The relevant norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation”, as well as regulatory legal acts of federal executive authorities responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory regulation in the field of healthcare and higher education are analyzed. The opinion is expressed on the need to amend certain norms of federal legislation in order to unambiguously understand the rights of medical workers and restrictions for them related to the implementation of medical activities.