Implementation Of Safety Measures Research Articles

THE COMPLIANCE OF MANAGEMENT ON REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS IN REGARD TO PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF PRIMARY TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES IN BUNGOMA COUNTY, KENYA

Demand for basic education by communities in Bungoma County has led to proliferation of many teacher training colleges. However, safety of learners in these colleges remains a major challenge to all college administrators. This reinforces a widely held view that the management has not fully implemented required safety measures in teacher training colleges. The purpose of this study will be to investigate the level of compliance by management to registration requirements on safety in Primary Teacher Training Colleges in Bungoma County Kenya. The study will be guided by the following objectives: To evaluate the college administration compliance towards registration requirements in regard to physical infrastructure in primary teacher training colleges in Bungoma County. The study concluded that college principals had a high positive compliance towards registration requirement in regard to physical infrastructure of teacher training colleges in Bungoma County. The study recommends that college administrators should enhance compliance on requirements in regard to physical facilities, health, hygiene and requirements concerning land sizes. Article visualizations:

COVID-19 and the US Lettuce Supply Chain: Implications for Farmworker Health and Safety and a Secure Supply

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed multiple vulnerabilities in the U.S. lettuce value chain. Restaurants and other food service operations closed almost overnight, leaving farmers with millions of dollars of excess lettuce. Because of the rigid value chain, farmers were forced to decide whether to harvest their crops for donation, try to find new customers, or plow their crops under. Close working and living conditions increase farmworkers’ risk of contracting COVID-19. Though many operations have implemented safety measures to protect farmworkers from COVID-19 in the short-term, larger structural changes must be made to provide workers with fair wages, access to health insurance and paid time off, and affordable housing. This review outlines the current value chain of lettuce in the U.S. and the disruptions caused by COVID-19, analyzes the impacts on farmworker health and safety, and offers recommendations for a more resilient lettuce value chain.

Effects of Dual-Perspective Nursing Intervention Based on Safety and Comfort Needs on Psychological Status and Safety Quality of MRI Patients

Objective: To investigate the effect of dual-perspective nursing intervention based on safety and comfort needs on the psychological status and safety quality of patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A total of 100 patients who received MRI in our hospital from October 2017 to December 2019 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, 50 cases for each group. Routine nursing intervention was performed in the control group, and double-perspective nursing intervention based on safety and comfort needs in addition to routine nursing was performed in the observation group. Psychological status and examination of safety quality were observed and compared between the two groups. Results: The scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after intervention. Meanwhile, the scores of early treatment of dangerous conditions, implementation of safety measures, prevention of accidental injuries, communication of safety information, education of safety knowledge, standardized examination and awareness of self-safety management in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dual-perspective nursing intervention based on safety and comfort needs is effective for patients undergoing MRI examination, which can improve the psychological status of patients and improve the quality of examination safety.

Sexual Violence Experience Among Nigerian Girls and Young Women: What Are the Roles of Early Sexual Debut, Multiple Sex Partnerships, and Traditional Gender Role Beliefs?

In Nigeria, one in four females has experienced some form of sexual abuse. Therefore, it is imperative to examine risk factors associated with sexual violence victimization of Nigerian girls and young women to identify targets for prevention and help stakeholders prioritize response efforts. The present article focuses on secondary data analyses of 1,766 females, aged 13 to 24, interviewed in the population-based 2014 Nigeria Violence Against Children Survey. The outcome of interest is lifetime sexual violence (LSV). Several potential predictors were explored: beliefs about gender roles related to sex, early sexual debut (aged <16 years), and multiple sex partners in the past 12 months. Other risk factors assessed were age, ethnicity, religion, education, marital status, and employment. Logistic regression analyses estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results revealed that females who endorsed beliefs about patriarchal sexual decision-making (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = [1.28, 3.32]) or ever attended school (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.35, 4.34]) were more likely to report experiencing LSV. Prevention programs that target traditional norm beliefs about gender and sexuality have the potential to influence sexual violence in Nigeria. In addition, school attendance may expose females to potential perpetrators. Thus, to prevent sexual violence of girls who attend school, implementing safety measures may be beneficial for protecting them while in and traveling to/from school.

Probabilistic Analysis of Dam Accidents Worldwide: Risk Assessment for Dams of Different Purposes in OECD and Non-OECD Countries with Focus on Time Trend Analysis.

This study presents probabilistic analysis of dam accidents worldwide in the period 1911-2016. The accidents are classified by the dam purpose and by the country cluster, where they occurred, distinguishing between the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and nonmember countries (non-OECD without China). A Bayesian hierarchical approach is used to model distributions of frequency and severity for accidents. This approach treats accident data as a multilevel system with subsets sharing specific characteristics. To model accident probabilities for a particular dam characteristic, this approach samples data from the entire data set, borrowing the strength across data set and enabling to model distributions even for subsets with scarce data. The modelled frequencies and severities are combined in frequency-consequence curves, showing that accidents for all dam purposes are more frequent in non-OECD (without China) and their maximum consequences are larger than in OECD countries. Multipurpose dams also have higher frequencies and maximum consequences than single-purpose dams. In addition, the developed methodology explicitly models time dependence to identify trends in accident frequencies over the analyzed period. Downward trends are found for almost all dam purposes confirming that technological development and implementation of safety measures are likely to have a positive impact on dam safety. The results of the analysis provide insights for dam risk management and decision-making processes by identifying key risk factors related to country groups and dam purposes as well as changes over time.

Engaging and Empowering the Front Lines During the COVID-19 Outpatient Practice Reactivation

Engaging and Empowering the Front Lines During the COVID-19 Outpatient Practice Reactivation

Riscos à saúde do trabalhador rural na produção de rapadura

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o processo produtivo da rapadura e avaliar os riscos à saúde do trabalhador rural no engenho de cana-de-açúcar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso, desenvolvido no município de Tianguá, Ceará, Brasil, durante os meses de agosto a setembro de 2018, com trabalhadores de um engenho de cana-de-açúcar. A coleta de dados foi a partir da observação e entrevista semiestruturada com quatro sujeitos por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, com base no referencial da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. Em todas as fases de produção houve algum risco envolvido, sendo os principais referentes aos riscos biológico, químico e ergonômico. Os achados sinalizam que os trabalhadores são expostos diariamente a riscos e os mesmos desconhecem a importância do uso de EPI, bem como, a empresa não promove a segurança dos trabalhadores. Desse modo, tornam-se necessários outros estudos sobre os riscos e agravos à saúde de trabalhadores de engenho para tentar implantar medidas de segurança no trabalho destes, evitando possíveis danos que possam comprometer sua saúde e qualidade de vida.

The Effect of Sprouting in Lentil (Lens culinaris) Nutritional and Microbiological Profile.

Biological and vegetarian raw food products, in particular based on legume sprouts, are an increasing food trend, due to their improved nutritional value when compared to seeds. Herein, protein and mineral profiles were studied in 12 lentil varieties, with varieties Du Puy, Kleine Schwarze, Rosana, Flora, Große Rote and Kleine Späths II demonstrating the highest protein percentages. After sprouting, protein percentages increased significantly in 10 of the 12 varieties, with the highest increases ranging between 20–23% in Dunkelgrün Marmorierte, Du Puy, Große Rote and Kleine Späths II varieties. While Fe concentration was significantly decreased in three varieties (Samos, Große Rote and Kleine Späths II), Zn and Mn were positively impacted by sprouting (p ≤ 0.05). Magnesium concentration was not affected by sprouting, while Ca and K had percentage increases between 41% and 58%, and 28% and 30%, respectively, in the best performing varieties (Kleine Schwarze, Dunkelgrün Marmorierte, Samos and Rosana). Regardless of the associated nutritional benefits, issues pertaining to sprouts microbiological safety must be ensured. The best results for the disinfection protocols were obtained when combining the seed treatment with SDS reagent followed by an Amukine application on the sprouts, which did not affect germination rates or sprout length. The increasing levels of sprout consumption throughout the world require efficient implementation of safety measures, as well as a knowledge-based selection for the nutritional quality of the seeds.

A survey of physicians' appreciation and knowledge about airway safety measures in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and Aims:The implementation of safety measures during airway management is a major concern to prevent COVID-19 transmission during pandemic. Various guidelines and advisories are in vogue to ensure safe practices. However, their success depends on the caregivers’ knowledge and understanding. This survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and safety concerns amongst physicians towards airway management in the background of COVID-19 pandemic.Material and Methods:A survey instrument of thirty questions covering three timelines of airway management viz. ‘before’, ‘during’ and ‘after’ airway intervention was created. The questionnaire was electronically mailed to the eligible physicians over a period of one month via a web-based platform and the responses were analyzed. The responses were depicted numerically as percentage. A multiple discriminant analysis was used to test the accuracy of responses after adjusting for common variables.Results:Out of 407 responses, 300 were eligible for analysis. The respondents with correct answers to questions with single correct response were 46%, 69% and 57.3%, along the three timelines and the respondents with more than 75% correct responses in questions with multiple correct responses were 49%, 58% and 31% along the same timelines. About 75% of the participants became aware of transmission through aerosols aftermath pandemic. About two-third of the participants had knowledge about the safety guidelines and recommendations. Majority of the respondents were aware of the safety measures ‘during airway intervention’.Conclusion:Our study found satisfactory knowledge and appreciable concern among the practicing physicians regarding airway safety measures in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic. However, more physicians were aware about the measures required to be adopted ‘during’ airway intervention. The survey highlights the need for a more focused training of the caregivers about safety measures ‘before’ and ‘after’ airway intervention.

Coatings &amp; linings for oil &amp; gas pipelines – the most effective method of corrosion protection for aged pipelines

Pipelines around the world are in danger due to ageing, deposits and corrosion. Leaky fittings and cracks are an environmental hazard and cause the loss of valuable resources such as drinking water, gas, or oil. The pipelines may get corroded internally due to the nature of the fluid flowing inside and due to various other factors. The environmental and societal impact of infrastructure failure is a primary consideration for today’s pipeline operators. Without implementing safety measures and having a corrosion control program, corrosion makes transporting hazardous material unsafe. There are many methods NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) recommends as part of a successful corrosion control program to protect oil and gas pipelines. Coatings and linings applied to pipelines whether above or below ground and often used in combination with cathodic protection. Different linings may be used for internal corrosion protection, provided the lining material does not degrade following long-term exposure to the transported fluid, at the pipeline pressure and temperature conditions.

Perceived Effect of Occupational Safety Measures on Workers' Performance in Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company, Delta State, Nigeria.

Introduction:Occupational safety measures when put in place in organizations are expected to increase the productivity of employees and drive organizations to better performance. This study was aimed at assessing the perception of workers at the Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company (WRPC) on the effect of implemented occupational safety measures on their individual and organizational performance.Materials and Methods:The study was cross-sectional in design conducted at the WRPC, Delta state, Nigeria, among 236 workers of the WRPC selected via a simple random sampling technique across different job cadres (junior, senior, and management) in the organization. Data were collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistical tests of the SPSS version 20 with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.Results:The mean age of respondents was 43 ± 2.26 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. More than 50% of the respondents attested that occupational safety measures had been well implemented at the WPRC. Almost all the respondents, 219 (92.8%) and 224 (94.9%), agreed that occupational safety measures in place and trainings on safety measures had improved individual worker's performance, respectively. Respondents' length of service and job cadres were significantly associated with their perceived effect of the existing occupational safety measures at the WRPC on individual worker and organizational performance (P < 0.001). They were also significantly associated with their perceived effect of the neglect of these safety measures on high labor turnover rate (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Occupational safety measures were perceived to have positively affected workers' and organizational performance.

Assess Nursing Practice Regarding Safety Measures on Mechanically Ventilated Patients.

Background: Nurse had vital role in implementing safety measures for patient connected to mechanical ventilator in critically ill patient. Aim of the study: was to assess nursing practice regarding safety measures on mechanically ventilated patients Research design: A descriptive research design was utilized in this study, the study was conducted in the intensive coronary care units at Assuit university heart hospital. A convenient sample: All available nurses 30 of nursing staff that working in mentioned setting. Tools: Two tools: questionnaire and observational checklist. Results: More than half of nurses were in age group less than 25 years. Concerning their educational level, 53.3% of the nurse held nursing institute. 60.0% of nurse had work experience less than 5 years. Total nurses level of practice was found that three of fifth of nurses 60.0% were low, 30.0 % of them were moderate and 10.0% were high. Conclusion: The general score of nurses complete nursing practice regarding safety measures on mechanical ventilation was to be low practice. Recommendations: Nurses need in –service training programs, periodic monitoring of nurses practices and effective training for new nurses.

Statistical analysis the characteristics of extraordinarily severe coal mine accidents (ESCMAs) in China from 1950 to 2018

Extraordinarily severe coal mine accidents (ESCMAs) are characteristized by thirty fatalities or more in one accident. In this paper, such ESCMAs are analyzed using 188 cases which occurred in Chinese underground coal mines. The analysis shows that the number of ESCMAs and the death toll have decreased steadily over time. Gas explosions, mine water inrushes, and coal dust explosions are the three major types of ESCMAs. Among the causes of ESCMAs, inadequate implementation of safety measures, deliberate violations and electromechanical equipment faults are the three top causes of ESCMAs, accounting for 27.13 %, 21.81 %, and 15.96 % of incidences, respectively. Meanwhile, ESCMAs frequently occur in the heading face, especially gas explosions, mine water inrushes and coal and gas outbursts. Furthermore, ESCMAs reoccur often in certain provinces, such as Shanxi, Henan and Heilongjiang, and mostly during November and December in each year. The results of statistical studies have presented useful information for the prevention of ESCMAs in order to reduce the probability of such disastrous accidents.

Use of Neural Networks to Identify Safety Prevention Priorities in Agro-Manufacturing Operations within Commercial Grain Elevators

The grain handling industry plays a significant role in U.S. agriculture by storing, distributing, and processing a variety of agricultural commodities. Commercial grain elevators are hazardous agro-manufacturing work environments where workers are prone to severe injuries, due to the nature of the activities and workplace. Safety incidents in agro-manufacturing operations generally arise from a combination of factors, rather than a single cause, therefore, research on occupational incidents must look deeper into identifying the underlying causes, through the application of advanced analyses methods. In occupational safety, it is possible to estimate and predict probability of safety risks through developing artificial neural network predictive models. Due to the significance of safety risk assessment in the design and prioritization of effective prevention measures, this study aimed at classifying and predicting causes of occupational incidents in grain elevator agro-manufacturing operations in the Midwest region of the United States. Workers’ compensation claims data, from 2008 to 2016, were utilized for training multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. Both MLP and RBF models could predict the probability of safety risks with a high overall accuracy of 60%, 61%. Based on values of AUC (area under the curve) from the ROC (receiving operating charts), both models predicted the probability of individual safety risks with a high accuracy rate of between 71.5% and 99.2%. In addition, sensitivity analysis showed that nature of injury is the most significant determinant of safety risks probability, along with type of injury. The novelty of this study is the use of the artificial neural network methodology to analyze multi-level causes of occupational incidents as the sources of safety risks in bulk storage facilities. The results confirm that artificial neural networks are useful in safety risk estimation, and identifying the incidents’ risk factors. The implementation of safety measures in grain elevators can help in preventing occupational injuries, saving lives, and reducing the occurrence and severity of such incidents in industrial work environments.

Pedestrian Road Accident Index for Municipalities: The Portuguese Case

Portuguese road traffic accidents statistics show that the number of accidents with fatalities and serious injuries has in general decreased in recent years. However, the number of accidents involving pedestrians is still high when compared with those observed in other countries of the European Union. In order to assess this problem, an index of pedestrian road traffic accidents for municipalities that could be used in decision-making about pedestrian safety measures is proposed. The use of absolute values of accidents involving pedestrians (running over) does not allow itself a reliable comparison of pedestrian safety level between municipalities. In this sense, the approach proposed uses the information available in the Portuguese database PORDATA to calculate a municipal index that takes into account the degree of exposure of pedestrians to accident, based on national and municipal resident population annual growth rates and number of pedestrian’s casualties. This index allows to identify the municipalities with unfavourable deviation to national numbers of road accidents involving pedestrians (per 10000 inhabitants), supporting the plan and allocation of human and economic resources for the diagnosis, definition and implementation of safety measures. The results obtained can be visualized in a GIS for a more comprehensive comparison between municipalities. The analyses performed for Portugal showed that, in general, municipalities with higher resident population annual growth rates, located mostly along the coastline and in more consolidated urban areas, tend to present better index values, which points to the need to intervene in less consolidated areas.

Unintentional Gun Violence in the Home: A Survey of Pediatric Advanced Practice Nurses' Preventive Measures.

Across the United States, unintentional shootings involving toddlers are on the rise. Pediatric nurses and nurse practitioners encounter families with toddlers regularly, allowing them the opportunity to make assessments and implement safety measures. The purpose of this study was to assess gun safety knowledge levels, health promotion strategies, and preventive interventions of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) METHODS: This quantitative study used an anonymous, online survey e-mailed to pediatric-focused APRNs using the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners e-mail list. The sample included 54 APRNs. The majority, 70.3%, reported asking parents about guns in the home; this was most often done with a new patient (62.3%, p = .05). APRNs were more likely (88.7%, p = .05) to believe that well-child practice standards should include questions about gun safety, but 56.4% (p = .033) responded that their workplace does not have a teaching plan or policy about gun safety. In addition, APRNs who are gun owners were more likely to screen for guns (62.5%, p = .05) and teach about safe gun storage (75.0%, p = .02). Overall, APRNs feel knowledgeable enough to assess and inform patients about safe gun storage, as well as interventions. One obstacle to effective promotion of gun safety may exist at the broader systemic level, as most of the practice settings do not have pertinent policies and resources for families of toddlers. Findings suggest that most APRNs are including gun safety teaching without an identified policy.

STRATEGIC ENHANCEMENT OF WORKPLACE SAFETY IN SMALL SCALE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES USING AHP APPROACH

Despite progress in technology, workplace safety in small scale manufacturing industries (SSMIs) still lacks the required attention. Occupational safety of workers is one of the major concerns for organizations as it involves a number of factors that affect many direct and indirect costs of the industry. To this end, the current study was conducted in order to determine the key factors that affect workplace safety. A total of nine main factors and twenty-two sub-factors were identified and then prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Opinions from experienced and proficient experts were recorded on a framed questionnaire for all the above factors. The effectiveness of the study was ensured by maintaining a consistency ratio of less than 10% for the factors and sub-factors. The factor personal protective equipment was found to have the highest Eigen vector of 27.4%, and therefore the highest priority. Organizational attributes and hygiene are the factors that demand the next level of priority, whereas, equipment and hand tools safety and machine guarding, and material handling are the factors requiring the least priority. The outcome of this analysis enables the small scale manufacturing industries to effectively implement safety measures by giving priority to the factors in the order specified by the study. This would empower the organizational safety standards and benefit not only the employees but also the employers without considerable costs.

Study on the Risk Factors of Injuries Resulting in Hospitalization in Primary School Students

Objective: To develop effective prevention measures against serious injuries in primary school students, the involved factors of serious injuries inside school were surveyed. Methods: Our study examined the data from primary schools of 7 prefectures in Japan. The study period was one year, from April 2007 to March 2008, and the 70,701 cases of school injuries which required medical treatment in medical institution were examined. The involved factors that infl uence hospitalization were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Results: 1) Among the total number of injuries (70,701), 882 (1.2%) cases required hospitalization. 2) The injuries that needed hospitalization occurred the most frequently during recess. 3) Among the 207 cases of hospitalization-required injuries that occurred when the lower grade students were outside the school building in the school area during recess, 134cases (64.7%) happened while they were using playground equipment. The incidence of hospitalization was signifi cantly higher (3.30 fold) than when no playground equipment was in use. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the importance to implement safety measures related with the use of playground equipment during recess time to prevent serious injuries of students, especially when they are not under the supervision of teachers. Furthermore, it is necessary to guide the lower grade students concerning the risk of fall from playground equipment such as monkey bar and climber.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG IMMIGRANT CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

Background: Substance abuse can simply be defined as a pattern of harmful use of any substance for mood-altering purposes. "Substances" can include alcohol and other drugs (illegal or not) as well as some substances that are not drugs at all.&#x0D; Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among the migrant workers working in Bikaner Rajasthan, over the time duration of 3 months. All migrant laborers above the age group of 18 years were included in the study. Data was collected from ante-natal register using Predesigned, pretested, validated and structured proforma.&#x0D; Result: In our study prevalence of substance abuse was found to be among 84.00% of participants. 44.8% of the study participants were consuming alcohol, 50.2% of the study participants were chewing tobacco.&#x0D; Conclusion: The result of the present study suggests that substance abuse among migrant workers was very high. Policy makers must pay extra attention to the health of migrants by implementing safety measures and organizing intense behaviour change communication.&#x0D; Keywords: Alcohol, Smoking, immigrant construction workers

Towards a Model of Regional Vessel Near-miss Collision Risk Assessment for Open Waters based on AIS Data

The absence of a regional, open water vessel collision risk assessment system endangers maritime traffic and hampers safety management. Most recent studies have analysed the risk of collision for a pair of vessels and propose micro-level risk models. This study proposes a new method that combines density complexity and a multi-vessel collision risk operator for assessing regional vessel collision risk. This regional model considers spatial and temporal features of vessel trajectory in an open water area and assesses multi-vessel near-miss collision risk through danger probabilities and possible consequences of collision risks via four types of possible relative striking positions. Finally, the clustering method of multi-vessel encountering risk, based on the proposed model, is used to identify high-risk collision areas, which allow reliable and accurate analysis to aid implementation of safety measures.