Implementation Of Peer Assessment Research Articles

Peer Assessment Experiences in the Lower Primary ESL Classrooms in: Teachers' Perspectives

Peer assessment is increasingly being emphasized as part of formative assessment due to its rich nature in developing independent and autonomous learners. However, in Malaysia, the practice of peer assessment is still limited. While past studies have indicated that conceptions predict classroom practices, and studying teachers' conception on peer assessment are important especially now that the transformation of assessment practice is a major item in the national educational agenda. Hence, this study aims to explore peer assessment experiences in the lower primary ESL classroom among teachers in the state of Selangor. The study adopted the qualitative research method, with three primary ESL teachers who were purposefully selected as the participants of the study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and were analyzed for emerging themes. The findings revealed that participating teachers in this study viewed peer assessment as an interpersonal, intrapersonal and active, cognitive process. In implementing peer assessment, teachers generally engaged in several processes before and while implementing the activity. In the planning stage, the teachers decided on the activity and strategy, presented success criteria and specified feedback forms to be used by the students and while during the activity, teacher oriented the task clearly and facilitated the process through monitoring. This study contributed to a better understanding of teachers' perspectives on implementing peer assessment in the lower primary ESL classrooms in Malaysia.

Peer assessment of peer assessment plan: a deep learning approach of teacher assessment literacy

The rationales of using assessment to enhance learning have been highly recognised. However, the issue of assessment literacy deficiency and insecurity about effective assessment implementation among pre-service and in-service teachers has been documented, which inevitably weakens the effectiveness of using assessment to improve learning. In this study, a deep learning approach with a core component of peer assessment of peer assessment plan was implemented to enhance the assessment literacy of a group of pre-service teachers. The design was informed by the taxonomy of learning in the cognitive domain and affective domain. Results show that they were able to prepare peer assessment plans in good quality. After conducting the activity of peer assessment on peer assessment plan, they demonstrated a deep level of attitude change and explicitly expressed their willingness to implement peer assessment in their future teaching. The deep learning approach to a great extent enhanced teachers' assessment literacy.

Peer assessment of peer assessment plan: a deep learning approach of teacher assessment literacy

The rationales of using assessment to enhance learning have been highly recognised. However, the issue of assessment literacy deficiency and insecurity about effective assessment implementation among pre-service and in-service teachers has been documented, which inevitably weakens the effectiveness of using assessment to improve learning. In this study, a deep learning approach with a core component of peer assessment of peer assessment plan was implemented to enhance the assessment literacy of a group of pre-service teachers. The design was informed by the taxonomy of learning in the cognitive domain and affective domain. Results show that they were able to prepare peer assessment plans in good quality. After conducting the activity of peer assessment on peer assessment plan, they demonstrated a deep level of attitude change and explicitly expressed their willingness to implement peer assessment in their future teaching. The deep learning approach to a great extent enhanced teachers' assessment literacy.

Peer assessment among business students

The large number of students enrolled in an elective course forced us to implement peer assessment even though student-centred teaching is not common in our traditionally taught study programs. Based on the literature review, Slovenia is not an isolated case in Europe. The aim of our paper is to show how to introduce new teaching modalities and to encourage subject and teacher-centred higher education environments to move toward student-centred teaching. In the research that supports our experiment, we found that 70.2% of students did not have any peer assessment experience. Peer assessment improved learning and teaching - students became more aware of what they needed to learn, how to organise their time and what the teacher expected them to learn. The teacher needed to prepare clear and detailed assignments and assessment criteria. Students were found to be accurate peer reviewers, especially those who took their study seriously - as evidenced by asking a teacher for additional explanation and support and printing study materials that helped them study deeply. Students in traditional study programs would like to have more online study experiences; these experiences motivate them to participate more in MOOCs that they were unaware of before their online study experience.

Student perspectives on formative feedback as part of writing portfolios

Despite the crucial role that students play in formative assessment practices, student perspectives on such practices are relatively under-researched. Through a qualitative analysis of 128 reflection notes written by student teachers of English, this article investigates the students’ perceptions of formative feedback as part of portfolio assessment at two teacher education institutions in Norway. As such, it contributes to bridging the gap between research and practice. Students received peer and teacher feedback on assignments and wrote reflection notes during the semester. Findings show that students are positive towards teacher feedback and highlight the significance of teacher praise. Main objections raised against peer feedback concern the lack of constructive criticism. However, positive attitudes towards peer discussion groups suggest that they may be a more effective way of implementing peer assessment than formalised written peer commentary. Student reflections suggest that a failure to understand the task and the feedback is a possible hindrance to successfully revising assignments. Overall, students’ positive attitudes towards the portfolio process, which includes multiple drafting, suggest that students in higher education would benefit from more opportunities to revise and resubmit their work, yet they need adequate practice in providing peer feedback, and interpreting and implementing feedback in general.

Peer assessment use, its social nature challenges and perceived educational value: A teachers’ survey study

The implementation of peer assessment (PA) in the classroom faces considerable interpersonal challenges. In this quantitative survey study (N = 225) we focus on the current use and format of PA among secondary education teachers in Flanders and explore teachers’ awareness of these interpersonal challenges. We validated an instrument for measuring teachers’ awareness which was then used to investigate how this awareness level relates to their conceptions of the educational value of PA. SEM results show that teachers are slightly to moderately aware with regard to their students’ concerns about the impact of interpersonal processes in PA as well as the importance students attribute to anonymity within PA. This study illustrates that teachers’ perceived accuracy of PA is a major predictor of their belief in its educational value and opens up a new avenue for research on teachers’ awareness of interpersonal processes in PA.

Building Fluency In Writing II Based On Micro And Macro Skills Of Writing By Using Peer Assessment

Writing is difficult for English Department students in Indonesia. Students commonly have low ability to write and have very limited time to practice this skill. To overcome students’ problems in writing, the use of peer assessment can be an appropriate way to improve fluency in writing since this research is held to: (1) elaborate the roles of peer assessment to build fluency in writing classes, (2) identify the types of activity in writing class by implementing peer assessment, (3) explore the strengths of peer assessment to build fluency in writing, and (4) to prove the effectiveness of peer assessment to build fluency in writing.This is a mixed method research. The subjects of this research are nine students of TI.B class in academic years 2016/ 2017. To collect the data, some instruments such as field note, observation, documentation and test were used. Interactive analysis and statistical analysis (t-test) were applied to analyze quantitative data. Furthermore, statistical analysis using SPSS 20 used to analyze quantitative data.The results of the research are: (1) the use of peer assessment minimizes students’ apprehension in writing, (2) constructive activities are important to lead students in conducting active and critical learning, (3) peer assessment is meaningful to build students to be authentic writers and readers, (4) peer assessment is effective to build students’ fluency in writing indicated by the result of hypothesis test.

Empowering students through peer assessment: interrogating complexities and challenges

This paper describes a self-study of the author’s implementation of peer assessment (PA) in an undergraduate education course. The goal was to improve alignment of assessment practice and theory of practice, by introducing PA to empower students and draw on their funds of knowledge. The PA design is described, and student perception data are analysed alongside lecturer reflections. The focus is on elaboration of personal learning points for the author. Findings suggest the success of PA related to students’ ideas about its value, highlighting the importance of motivation to engage as peer assessors. Other findings revealed the author’s blindspots, because there were ways that her values and beliefs constrained goal attainment, and illuminated next steps.

Assessment approaches in massive open online courses: Possibilities, challenges and future directions

The development of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has launched an era of large-scale interactive participation in education. While massive open enrolment and the advances of learning technology are creating exciting potentials for lifelong learning in formal and informal ways, the implementation of efficient and effective assessment is still problematic. To ensure that genuine learning occurs, both assessments for learning (formative assessments), which evaluate students’ current progress, and assessments of learning (summative assessments), which record students’ cumulative progress, are needed. Providers’ more recent shift towards the granting of certificates and digital badges for course accomplishments also indicates the need for proper, secure and accurate assessment results to ensure accountability. This article examines possible assessment approaches that fit open online education from formative and summative assessment perspectives. The authors discuss the importance of, and challenges to, implementing assessments of MOOC learners’ progress for both purposes. Various formative and summative assessment approaches are then identified. The authors examine and analyse their respective advantages and disadvantages. They conclude that peer assessment is quite possibly the only universally applicable approach in massive open online education. They discuss the promises, practical and technical challenges, current developments in and recommendations for implementing peer assessment. They also suggest some possible future research directions.

A framework for designing, implementing, communicating and researching peer assessment

ABSTRACTThe term ‘peer assessment’ may apply to a range of student activities. This imprecision may impact on the uptake of peer assessment pedagogies. To better describe peer assessment approaches, typologies of peer assessment diversity were previously derived from the education literature. However, these typologies have not yet been tested with ‘real-life’ peer assessment examples, nor do they consider broader contextual matters. We present an augmented peer assessment framework, refined through analysing faculty accounts of their peer assessment practices. Our framework subsumes previous attempts to classify peer assessment, and extends them to include technology use, resources and policy, which were new features of our data not present in previous frameworks. In the current higher education climate, these considerations may be crucial for the scalability and success of peer assessment. The framework proposed in this paper provides both precision and concision for researchers and educators in studying and implementing peer assessment.

Students’ Perception toward the Implementation of Peer-Assessment in Writing; Before and After Revision

This study was aimed at elaborating students’ perception toward the implementation of peer assessment in writing class either before or after revision. Writing becomes one of skills which should be mastered by students in order to get higher level of literacy. Writing is a productive skill which asks students to arrange words and organize them into good writing which could be understood by readers. The success of writing is determined by the writing process itself starting from planning, first draft writing, revising, and editing. One of the strategies used in teaching writing is by implementing peer assessment. Peer assessment strategy becomes one of important parts in the process of writing because there will be feedback or suggestion from peers in doing a review. The number of the subject of this research was students in second semester of the English Education Department of UNISNU Jepara. This research was conducted on even semester. The total number of the students, which became respondents, was 37 students of English Education Department. The research design used was qualitative research which measured students’ perceptions of the implementation of peer assessment in writing: before and after revision. The result showed that before revision, students had negative perception toward their own writing. After revision, they had positive perceptions toward peer assessment strategy. Those included usefulness and meaningfulness, nature of feedback, reality of feedback, precision, validity, fairness, and personal goal-setting. Besides that, the score after revision (7.9) was higher than the score before revision (6.62). It meant that the result showed the increasing of students’ score after revision.

Group peer assessment for summative evaluation in a graduate-level statistics course for ecologists

Peer assessment is often used for formative learning, but few studies have examined the validity of group-based peer assessment for the summative evaluation of course assignments. The present study contributes to the literature by using online technology (the course management system Moodle™) to implement structured, summative peer review based on an anchored rubric in an ecological statistics course taught to graduate students. We found that grade discrepancies between students and the instructor were fairly common (60% of assignments), relatively low in value (mean = 3.3 ± 2.5% on assignments that had discrepancies) and proportionally higher for criteria related to interpretation of statistical results and code quality and organisation than for criteria related to the successful completion of analysis or instructional tasks (e.g. fitting particular statistical methods, de-identification of one’s submission). Students reported that the peer assessment process increased their exposure to alternative ways of approaching statistical and computational problem-solving, but there were concerns raised about the fairness of the process and the effectiveness of the group component. We conclude with some recommendations for implementing peer assessment to maximise student learning and satisfaction.

La carpeta de aprendizaje y la evaluación entre iguales de los estudiantes. Resultados de una innovación docente en los estudios universitarios de las artes

Students reflect more on their learning in course subjects when they participate in managing their teaching–learning environment. As a form of guided participation, peer assessment serves the following purposes: (a) it improves the student’s understanding of previously established learning objectives; (b) it is a powerful metacognitive tool; (c) it transfers to the student part of the responsibility for assessing learning, which means deciding which learning activities are important and choosing the degree of effort a course subject will require; (d) it emphasizes the collective aspect of the nature of knowledge; and (e) the educational benefits derived from peer assessment clearly justify the efforts required to implement activities. This paper reports on the relative merits of a learning portfolio compiled during fine arts-related studies in which peer assessment played an important role. The researchers analyzed the student work load and the final marks students received for compulsory art subjects. They conclude that the use of a closed learning portfolio with a well-structured, sequential and analytical design can have a positive effect on student learning and that, although implementing peer assessment may be complex and students need to become familiar with it, its use is not only feasible but recommendable.

How students' ability levels influence the relevance and accuracy of their feedback to peers: A case study

Traditionally, teachers play a central role in creating a learning environment that favors the implementation of peer assessment in writing. Nevertheless, students’ writing ability and how it factors into students’ provision of relevant (content-related) and accurate (language-related) written feedback is not considered. This is due to the fact that most studies about peer assessment were conducted in a tertiary setting and researchers assume university students have attained a basic level of cognitive and linguistic developments that would empower them to make judgments about their peers’ work. The present study, which was conducted in a Hong Kong secondary school, investigated this research gap by analyzing first drafts produced by a class of 16 Secondary 1 (Grade 7) students in a writing unit. The first section of the study reports students’ writing abilities in terms of content development and linguistic accuracy; findings in the subsequent section suggest that there is a strong and positive relationship between students’ writing abilities and the relevance and accuracy of their written feedback. This paper ends with two pedagogical implications for implementing peer assessment: Alignment with pre-writing instruction and the development of marking focuses based on students’ abilities.

Predicting pre-service teachers’ intention of implementing peer assessment for low-achieving students

Despite the benefits of peer assessment, many teachers are not willing to implement it, particularly for low-achieving students. This study used the theory of planned behaviour to predict pre-service teachers’ intention to use peer assessment for low-achieving students. A total of 229 pre-service teachers in Singapore participated in the survey which consists of eight factors about peer assessment in writing: belief of knowledge source, belief of ability, belief of constructivist assessment, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control, behavioural intention, and intention for low-achieving students. Structural equation modelling was used to test hypothesized relationships of the eight factors. This study found that pre-service teachers’ beliefs about knowledge source and constructivist assessment significantly influenced their attitude towards peer assessment of writing. In addition, the attitude and perceived behaviour control were significant factors in shaping the intention of peer assessment. Lastly, pre-service teachers’ intention of implementing peer assessment for low-achieving students was influenced by both the intention of peer assessment and the belief of ability.

Implementing Peer Assessment in a Russian University ESP Classroom

In order to develop the skills and competences required in a professional environment, university students have to reflect on their own role in the learning process. The traditional methods of assessment do not assess reflective thinking, critical thinking, self-evaluation and peer evaluation. Peer assessment may be a way to solve this problem. In this paper, it is researched how peer assessment could be applied to higher education and the effect of using this form of assessment on the quality of learning. The methodology to investigate the effect of peer assessment as a part of the learning process includes literature observation, case study, developing protocols and marking criteria rules for peer assessment, examples of peer assessment strategies and activities. The results of the research demonstrate that peer assessment methods of either written or oral performance can trigger a deeper involvement of students both in the learning and in the assessment process, keep motivation up and develop some qualities essential for future professional life. Therefor peer assessment could be effectively integrated in the course of ESP at the Moscow Higher School of Economics.

A literature review on peer assessment

The use of peer assessment as an alternative form of assessment is reported to be helpful in learning and is increasingly being adopted in higher education overseas and even in primary schools in Singapore. People had been talking about peer assessment way back in the 20th century 1980s. Drawing on literature until end January of 2013, we reviewed past empirical research studies and peer–reviewed articles on peer assessment in the educational settings. This review is organised into two topics: the implementation strategies of peer assessment and the problems encountered and potential problems during implementation of peer assessment. The conclusions suggest that peer assessment can be implemented and its benefits are evident. Several limitations of previous literature were discussed. We conclude by providing some recommendations to some of the discussions and also some recommendations for future research related to peer assessment in the educational settings.

Implementing Peer Assessment in a Post-Secondary (16–18) Physics Classroom

This study explores the implementation of peer assessment with a group of students studying physics at Advanced level in a post-secondary school in Malta. The study that draws on action research methodology looks at how the views of students regarding peer assessment evolve as they engage with peer assessment. The research involved the actual implementation of an apprenticeship model of peer assessment and looked at the issues faced by the students. The results of the study show that students were very much immersed in a traditional assessment culture and needed to be trained to develop peer assessment skills. Student concerns related to fairness, regarding their abilities as assessors and dependence on the teacher as ‘expert’ remained unchanged as the students engaged with peer assessment. Successful implementation of peer assessment therefore requires a re-examination of the role of student and teachers as assessors within a safe learning environment.

When intentions meet reality: Consonance and dissonance in teacher approaches to peer assessment

This article focuses on teachers’ experiences in implementing peer assessment with first semester students. It explores the relationship between teachers’ conceptions of teaching and their approach to peer assessment, where both conceptions and approaches are described as being either learning focused or content focused. Drawing upon analysis of interviews with eight teachers, the study found that one had a consonant view of the interrelationship between conceptions of teaching and approaches to peer assessment, while the remaining seven described their conceptions of teaching and their approaches to peer assessment with a combination of learning-focused and content-focused statements. These statements are labelled as dissonant. Discussion focuses on implications of consonant and dissonant relationships between conceptions of teaching and approaches to peer assessment for implementation of peer assessment; it also addresses academic development issues. The study reveals that when implementing new methods (here, peer assessment), underlying assumptions will impact on the nature of teacher engagement.

Investigating teacher-supported peer assessment for EFL writing

Concerns over the quality of peer feedback and entrenched teacher-driven learning have resulted in the limited use of peer assessment in Chinese EFL writing instruction. This study sought to effectively implement peer assessment for EFL writing in China, by addressing learners’ concerns through tailor-made teacher intervention strategies. Eighteen English majors participated in peer assessment for nine writing tasks. Pre-intervention surveys elicited learners’ concerns over peer assessment, leading to the design of teacher-led support strategies. Post-task surveys examined learners’ satisfaction with teacher-supported peer assessment, and were supplemented by the assignment feedback data. The results show that a dynamic and continuous teacher support approach to peer assessment was reported which proved to substantially affect learners’ perceptions, and the nature and the perceived value of peer assessment respectively. This paper provides implications for EFL writing teachers regarding pedagogic motivation and strategies for the effective use of peer assessment.