Implementation Of Innovative Strategies Research Articles

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Language Teaching: Effectiveness, Challenges, and Strategies

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into various domains of education has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing teaching and learning experiences. Language teaching, in particular, benefits significantly from AI’s capabilities, offering unprecedented opportunities to support educators in delivering more effective and personalized instruction to diverse student populations. The research employed a mixed-method approach using a quant-qual research design. to investigate AI’s integration into language teaching. Results from n=100 language teachers indicate that educators perceive AI to be effective across multiple aspects. Different AI systems have varying levels of perceived effectiveness but are nevertheless welcomed positively. From the profile of teachers using AI, to the kinds of AI used and functions, there are varying distinctions as well as the acceptance of AI integration in language instruction. The fact that AI is being widely used to improve language instruction through interactive simulations, adaptive learning, and individualized feedback is evidence of this. Despite challenges such as technological constraints and pedagogical alignment, educators have reported successes in improving student engagement, proficiency, and autonomy through the strategic use of AI. These insights underscore the importance of continued exploration and implementation of innovative strategies to harness the full potential of AI in language education.

Unsuppressed HIV Viral Load and Related Factors in Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment in Tanganyika Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has revolutionized the management of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), enabling long-term viral load (VL) suppression in patients. Despite the proven effectiveness of ART, a significant proportion of patients with HIV receiving ART fail to achieve viral load suppression (VLS). This study aimed to identify factors associated with low VLS in the Tanganyika province. An unmatched case–control study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2023, including 22 care facilities with viral load data. Data were collected from patient records. For each reviewed record, the patient was invited for an interview upon providing informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. In a multivariable binary logistic regression model, variables with a p-value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval for the adjusted odds ratio were considered significantly associated with unsuppressed VL. A total of 462 individuals, including 156 cases and 306 controls, were included in the study. The mean age (standard deviation) of participants was 42.12 (±11.6) years. The following covariates were significantly associated with unsuppressed VL: poor HIV status disclosure to a confidant [adjusted OR = 2.10, 95% CI (1.33–3.31), p = 0.001], poor ART adherence [adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI (1.25–3.23), p = 0.004], ART interruption [adjusted OR = 3.43, 95% CI (2.00–5.88), p < 0.001], no participation in support groups [adjusted OR = 2.16, 95% CI (1.25–3.71), p = 0.005], baseline WHO clinical stage 3 and 4 [adjusted OR = 2.24, 95% CI (1.32–3.79), p = 0.003], opportunistic infections (OIs) [adjusted OR = 2.30, 95% CI (1.27–4.16), p = 0.006], and non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) [adjusted OR = 2.30, 95% CI (1.10–4.79), p = 0.026]. Given the clear association between several factors and unsuppressed VL, prevention should involve the implementation of innovative strategies targeting at-risk patient groups. Strengthening the monitoring of these factors among active patients at each appointment is recommended to achieve this goal.

Innovative Learning Strategies to Enhance Student Motivation and Academic Achievement: A Constructivist Learning Perspective in Islamic Religious Education

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative, constructivist-based learning strategies in enhancing student motivation and academic achievement. The constructivist approach, which emphasizes active, project-based, and collaborative learning, was implemented in a higher education setting to assess its impact on student motivation and academic outcomes. A quasi-experimental research design with treatment and control groups was employed, involving students from various academic programs. Data were collected through questionnaires measuring learning motivation and academic performance before and after the implementation of innovative strategies. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests to compare differences between the treatment and control groups. The findings indicate that the application of constructivist-based innovative learning strategies significantly improves student motivation and academic achievement. Active and project-based learning methods increased student engagement and facilitated better understanding of the material, as reflected in improved academic outcomes. The study also underscores the importance of a supportive learning environment, including the use of digital technology, in fostering the learning process. Limitations of the study include a limited sample size and contextual variables that may influence the results. The study provides recommendations for educational institutions to adopt innovative learning strategies and encourages further research to explore various learning approaches in greater depth

Public policies for healthy aging in Brazil

This study aims to promote healthy aging by identifying innovative solutions through collaboration between companies, universities, government, and society to develop public policies focused on longevity. Using systematic reviews, we analyzed interventions and practices to promote the biopsychosocial well-being of older adults. The results indicate that collaborative engagement and the implementation of innovative strategies are key to addressing the challenges of aging. In view of the reflections on public policies for healthy aging, it is possible to draw some important conclusions. Public policies must take a holistic approach, considering not only physical health but also the emotional, social, and cognitive aspects of aging. Thus, we conclude that innovative and collaborative strategies are essential to promote the well-being of older adults. This includes the development of programs and services that encourage social participation, access to physical and cultural activities, and the promotion of mental health. The use of evidence-based methodologies, such as systematic reviews, is essential to identify effective practices and interventions to promote healthy aging.

The Influence of Company Innovation Strategies and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance

One of the key factors in creating competitive advantage is the company's innovation strategy. An effective innovation strategy can help companies identify new business opportunities, develop innovative products or services, and improve employee performance. In the current era of increasingly fierce competition and globalization, innovation is very important for business success and continuity. Companies that use a successful innovation approach can gain competitive advantage, improve operational efficiency, and meet changing market demands. In that context, this thesis aims to examine the influence of company innovation strategy (X1) and organizational culture (X2) on employee performance (Y) at a family corporate. This research uses a quantitative method using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Data obtained from 92 employee respondents at a family corporate were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques to determine whether a dependent variable is influenced by one or more independent variables. The research results show that the significance value of the Innovation Strategy variable is 0.037, which is smaller than the significance level which is generally set at 0.05. This implies a partially significant influence between Innovation Strategy and Employee Performance. In other words, the Innovation Strategy variable makes a significant contribution to variations in Employee Performance. These findings provide a strong basis for concluding that organizations need to pay attention to and strengthen the implementation of Innovation Strategy as part of a broader management strategy. Therefore, an appropriate approach is needed in an effort to improve employee performance, so that all PT Rise Jaya employees can understand the innovation strategy and organizational culture so that they can be even better in the future.

Parent Institutions and Innovations in School Library Management in Nigeria: A Conceptual Review

School libraries have become vital resources of information that assist pupils, students, and staff in primary, secondary, and other non-tertiary institutions to appropriately respond to their varied information needs. They can be seen as indispensable facilities established with the objective of providing learning resources to enrich curriculum, supplement textbooks and classroom instruction and give users unlimited opportunities for learning. For any school library to remain relevant in this digital age and current climate, it has to be innovative. It has to the concern of parent institutions, “owners” to adopt cutting-age strategies to instill innovation into the management of school libraries. It is obvious that when school libraries receive proper attention from parent institutions, the school library resources, services, facilities, and physical environment, etc will be adequately innovated for desired patronage. This paper presents the conceptual description of school library and its imperatives. Innovation elements and roles of parent institutions in the school library management are highlighted. Implications, tools, and skills for innovation in school library management are extensively examined. The paper reveals factors affecting parent institutions and innovations in school library management. In conclusion, the paper establishes that for school libraries take their pride of place as learning hub, innovation must be embrace with all seriousness and sincerity by all stakeholders, especially the parent institutions. This study recommends among others, adequate funding of public school libraries in Nigeria and retooling of school librarians for effective implementation of innovative strategies.

Innovation Strategy Implementation of Character Education for the Young Generation of Indonesia

The discourse of scholars in the field of education is that educational institutions are strategic for carrying out the transformation of values ​​and science, technology and art. This is how strategic educational institutions are as places for the transformation of values, knowledge, technology and art, so that in order to internalize and develop good character, it cannot be separated from the role of education in informal, formal and non-formal education channels. This research aims to analyze and discover the concept of implementing character education, character education strategies and values ​​implemented in character education. The results of this research show that the implementation of character education can be carried out through three stages of knowing the good, feeling the good and acting the good. Character education strategies can be integrated between micro, meso and macro level education. Character education is important for humans, so the role of educational institutions must not just provide insight into character, but also train, familiarize students with positive character over a long period of time so that it crystallizes in humans. The various character education values ​​developed in Indonesia are taken from 4 sources, namely: religion, Pancasila, culture and national education goals. Keywords: Educational Character, Educational Strategies, Sources of Character Values

Post-Pandemic Support for Special Populations in Higher Education through Generative Artificial Intelligence

The sudden closure of schools in response to the COVID-19 pandemic prompted education authorities to quickly explore new teaching and learning methods. This disruption to traditional classroom settings led to the implementation of innovative strategies that assist educators and students in developing abstract thinking skills. In the wake of the ongoing impact of the pandemic on education, one crucial innovative approach that educators should embrace is generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). Generative AI represents a significant transformation in the education sector, offering human-like content tailored to meet the individual needs of students, educators, and institutions. While the integration of generative AI post-pandemic is inevitable, this chapter highlights the myriad opportunities it presents for the education industry, particularly in terms of the strategies it provides for colleges and universities to recruit and engage diverse student populations through personalized instruction and equal access to opportunities. In the evolving landscape of post-pandemic education, technology that supports collaboration, critical thinking, and real-world educational connections is no longer considered a futuristic concept. While educational practices continue to evolve, the substantial entry of generative artificial intelligence into education is both distinct and unavoidable. With technological advancements come questions of digital equity and effective implementation. This chapter underscores how generative artificial intelligence can bridge these gaps by creating customized learning experiences that benefit educators and enhance access to knowledge. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence as a technological support tool is poised to bring about significant changes in education. Generative AI has the potential to drive the necessary shift towards personalized instruction and meaningful student interactions. This chapter seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of exploring generative AI strategies as the education sector grapples with the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents insights into current and future opportunities offered by generative artificial intelligence to support innovative teaching practices, foster equitable growth, and facilitate the transition to educational systems on a global scale.

Project portfolio formation as an organizational routine: Patterns of actions in implementing innovation strategy

Implementing strategy through an innovation project portfolio starts with project portfolio formation. The routine of project portfolio formation is especially influential, as it includes identifying, screening, and prioritizing the projects that shape the eventual portfolio. Comprehensive understanding of the project portfolio formation routine is important for addressing the simultaneous pressures for continuity and renewal when implementing innovation strategy. This study explores portfolio actors’ behavioral patterns in the project portfolio formation routine to understand their contextuality and implications on innovation strategy implementation. A multiple-case study with innovative companies reveals a comprehensive framework of governing and empowering actions and organization-specific patterns of actions. Differences between organizations in the combination of governing and empowering actions may be explained by innovation types, and the size and history of the organization. The behavioral patterns of project portfolio formation can provide organizations with a foundation for implementing both continuity- and renewal-oriented innovation strategies.

Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study on antifouling performance of antimicrobial peptide‐modified aluminum alloy surfaces

Marine biofouling poses a major challenge to ship navigation and hinders the development of the shipping industry. Urgent action is required to tackle this problem through the implementation of innovative strategies. Antimicrobial peptides have garnered considerable attention due to their outstanding effectiveness, wide range of activity, and eco‐friendly characteristics. This study involved grafting the antibacterial peptide andricin 01 (AIGHCLGATL) onto the surface of an aluminum alloy, thereby creating a modified surface with antibacterial properties. In summary, amino groups were introduced onto the surface of aluminum alloys through the silanization process using (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), and then the peptides were covalently immobilized on the treated surface using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent. The successful modification of the peptide was confirmed by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The antimicrobial peptide‐modified aluminum alloy surfaces exhibited significant bactericidal activity, killing 75.3% of Bacillus sp. and 85.5% of Escherichia coli, while achieving antifouling efficiencies of 88.6% and 90.7% against Bacillus sp. and E. coli, respectively. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations showed that the inserted of the peptides into the phospholipid membrane caused a change in the local membrane curvature, which eventually led to membrane rupture. These results provide valuable information for the application of antimicrobial peptides in the field of antifouling and the elucidation of antifouling mechanisms.

Upaya Melawan Stereotip dengan Membangun Minat Matematika Menggunakan Strategi Inovatif Untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar Di SD Negeri 05 Pemulutan

Gender stereotypes in mathematics education have long been a concern in the field of education. Although empirical evidence shows that there are no inherent differences in mathematical abilities between boys and girls, these stereotypes persist in culture and society. The impact is particularly significant, especially on elementary school children, who tend to have low interest and confidence in mathematics. However, innovative strategies such as the Problem Solving approach can address these stereotypes and help build strong interest and skills in mathematics. Through observation and evaluation, it was found that the implementation of innovative strategies has a significant positive impact on students' interest and achievement in mathematics. Therefore, continuous efforts to combat stereotypes, foster interest in mathematics, and implement innovative strategies are crucial in creating a supportive learning environment that advances students' mathematical abilities

Leveraging human-centered design and causal pathway diagramming toward enhanced specification and development of innovative implementation strategies: a case example of an outreach tool to address racial inequities in breast cancer screening

BackgroundImplementation strategies are strategies to improve uptake of evidence-based practices or interventions and are essential to implementation science. Developing or tailoring implementation strategies may benefit from integrating approaches from other disciplines; yet current guidance on how to effectively incorporate methods from other disciplines to develop and refine innovative implementation strategies is limited. We describe an approach that combines community-engaged methods, human-centered design (HCD) methods, and causal pathway diagramming (CPD)—an implementation science tool to map an implementation strategy as it is intended to work—to develop innovative implementation strategies.MethodsWe use a case example of developing a conversational agent or chatbot to address racial inequities in breast cancer screening via mammography. With an interdisciplinary team including community members and operational leaders, we conducted a rapid evidence review and elicited qualitative data through interviews and focus groups using HCD methods to identify and prioritize key determinants (facilitators and barriers) of the evidence-based intervention (breast cancer screening) and the implementation strategy (chatbot). We developed a CPD using key determinants and proposed strategy mechanisms and proximal outcomes based in conceptual frameworks.ResultsWe identified key determinants for breast cancer screening and for the chatbot implementation strategy. Mistrust was a key barrier to both completing breast cancer screening and using the chatbot. We focused design for the initial chatbot interaction to engender trust and developed a CPD to guide chatbot development. We used the persuasive health message framework and conceptual frameworks about trust from marketing and artificial intelligence disciplines. We developed a CPD for the initial interaction with the chatbot with engagement as a mechanism to use and trust as a proximal outcome leading to further engagement with the chatbot.ConclusionsThe use of interdisciplinary methods is core to implementation science. HCD is a particularly synergistic discipline with multiple existing applications of HCD to implementation research. We present an extension of this work and an example of the potential value in an integrated community-engaged approach of HCD and implementation science researchers and methods to combine strengths of both disciplines and develop human-centered implementation strategies rooted in causal perspective and healthcare equity.

Exploring key drivers of tourism sustainability practices and their impact on sustainable competitive performance in the accommodation industry

This study aims to explore key drivers of tourism sustainability practices and their impact on the sustainable competitive performance of the tourism accommodation industry. The study adopts an exploratory research design under qualitative research, using semi-structured interviewing of owners and managers of tourism accommodation firms using the TOE framework and RBV theory. The findings reveal that technological sustainability expertise, executive sustainability support, organizational resources and capability, service intermediary sustainability practices, collaborative innovation adoption capability, tourism sustainability regulatory policy, and sustainability practices perceived by residents are the key drivers of TSP. The outcomes also show that tourism sustainability practices have a positive impact on the SCP of accommodation firms. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the literature on tourism sustainability by exploring how TOE antecedents motivate firms to adopt sustainability practices as product innovation, which in turn enhance SCP. Also, this study provides strong backing for the premises of the TOE framework, and RBV theory offers valuable practical insights for managers and owners. This will aid in identifying the pivotal factors influencing TSP and SCP, enabling the implementation of innovative strategies to enhance firm competitiveness. Also, the research can help the government and policymakers formulate sustainable tourism policies to promote tourism innovations. The adoption of sustainable practices has been a focal point for both academic researchers and professionals in the tourism industry. However, there has been insufficient exploration of the TOE drivers that facilitate the integration of tourism sustainability within the context of TAFs in a developing country. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap in knowledge.

The Contemporary Issues in Chinese Education

Over the past few decades, the Chinese education system has undergone significant changes, influenced by a number of social, economic, and political factors. This paper provides an analysis of contemporary issues in Chinese education, highlighting key challenges and proposing solutions. A major concern is the intense pressure placed on students to excel academically, which results in high levels of stress and mental health problems. A competitive examination system and societal expectations of success are responsible for this pressure. Additionally, the rigid curriculum and emphasis on ranking have been criticized as stifling the development of cooperative and creative skills. It is underway to reform the curriculum and teaching methods, but progress in reducing academic pressure and promoting innovation in education is inconclusive. While Chinese education faces a number of contemporary challenges, efforts are being made to address these challenges and improve its overall quality and equity. It will be necessary to maintain a sustained commitment and implement innovative strategies to achieve meaningful progress over the next few years.

Development of a mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises

The successful implementation of innovation strategies of regional enterprises is determined by the parameters of sustainability of the enterprise as a mini-system and the parameters of sustainability of macro-, meso- and microeconomic systems of which it is an element. The study of economic development trends that determine the possibilities of transition to an innovative model and the peculiarities of the regional innovation system has shown that in order to intensify innovation processes and increase the sustainability of innovation systems, it is necessary to create a mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises. In an unstable environment, it should be based on the principles of self-organization of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to the changes taking place. First of all, the principle of dynamic equilibrium, a prerequisite for compliance with which is the performance of the main functions in the innovation system by different subjects of innovation activity, which change at the stages of the innovation process. The range of research on strategic management of regional development is quite extensive, but given the current economic situation, the consequences of the pandemic and martial law, this issue needs to be given even more attention, because most regions of Ukraine are unstable and economically unprofitable, so it is necessary to consider special levers, directions that will help to strategically effectively manage regional enterprises and ensure their economic security. The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special methods and techniques used in the study. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific works of foreign and domestic scholars on sustainable development, economic security, and innovation. The information base is based on official statistics, reporting and accounting information of enterprises, resources and publications of the Internet, and the results of the author's own research. A mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises has been formed, which includes a system of resources, methods and tools for influencing innovation processes and is based on the principles of selforganization of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to changes in an unstable environment and ensuring economic security, which will allow to coordinate the goals and directions of management of investment, operational and financial activities of enterprises in the region to ensure its sustainable development.

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF CEOS’ OVERSEAS EXPERIENCE ON R&D INVESTMENT AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF LISTED COMPANIES

As the most important participant in the implementation of innovation strategy, the CEOs is one of the most important executives of the company. A large number of studies have shown that CEOs with overseas experience have an important impact on the company's decision-making, strategy and performance. However, does the CEOs' overseas experience affect the corporate performance? Does R & D investment play an intermediary role between a CEOs' overseas experience and corporate performance? What factors are regulated when CEOs' overseas experience act on R & D input? This paper is constructed on the basis of the existing relevant literature, based on the resource-based theory, using the gradual regression method to study the influence of the CEOs on R&D investment and the corporate performance, the mediation effect of R & D investment on the CEOs' overseas experience and the corporate performance, and the influence of the CEOs through R&D investment.

Hesitancy among Iranian nursing students regarding future career trajectory: a qualitative analysis

BackgroundThe shortage of skilled nurses is a major concern for health systems worldwide. This may be partly due to the hesitancy of some nurses to enter or remain in the nursing career. This shortage consequently reduces the quality of standard patient care, increases patients’ length of stay in a hospital, increases medical costs, and results in patients’ dissatisfaction. This study aimed to explore hesitancy among senior undergraduate nursing students to pursue a career in nursing.MethodsThis qualitative study adopted a thematic analysis approach. The population comprised senior undergraduate nursing students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, who indicated that they were hesitant to pursue a career in nursing. The study sampling was performed from May 2021 till February 2022 and continued until data saturation. Twenty-four interviews were conducted with the selected students. The attributes related to hesitancy among senior undergraduate nursing students to pursue a career in nursing were extracted as themes and sub-themes.ResultsFour themes were identified: academic idiosyncrasies, individual characteristics, poor nursing market regulations (sub-themes: nursing as a tough and intense career, and unfavorable employment contracts), and the peculiarities of the workplace (sub-themes: conflict within work environment, and barriers to professional nursing practice).ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that senior undergraduate nursing students weigh their future career options from various academic, personal, professional, and work environment dimensions. The findings provide new insights for decision makers to design and implement innovative strategies to promote retention in nursing careers. We recommend to provide academic counseling for all students and applicants of nursing before they enter the nursing education. Furthermore, we suggest to improve study and work environments, and to implement incentive programs to enhance enthusiasm of nursing students for pursuing a nursing career.

The Origin and Development of Anti-Drug Social Work in Chinese Mainland

Abstract: Anti-drug social work is a critical component of anti-drug initiatives and plays a crucial role in addressing drug-related issues within society. As a relatively new field within social work, it incorporates specialized theories and professional methodologies to tackle drug-related problems. Anti-drug social work is also an interdisciplinary field that aims to integrate various perspectives and approaches towards addressing drug-related concerns. Its development is driven by the need for innovative social work practices, the advancement of anti-drug efforts, and the enhancement of social governance in relation to drug-related issues. However, the progress of anti-drug social work is hindered by various challenges, which require the implementation of innovative strategies. Therefore, it is essential to understand the origins and evolution of anti-drug social work, learn from past experiences, and identify current obstacles in order to promote its sustainable development in the future.

The Implementation Path and Improvement Strategy of National Defense Education in Colleges and Universities under the Perspective of “Three-Whole Parenting”

Abstract National defense in colleges and universities is a crucial component of the nation’s overall defense strategy. It significantly influences the enhancement of national defense awareness among college students. This study develops a regression analysis model, applies likelihood estimation for parameter calculation, and uses the coefficient of determination alongside the F-test to evaluate its significance. The model analyzes factors affecting national defense education perceptions among college students and identifies cognitive variations across different statistical variables. It concludes by pinpointing shortcomings in national defense education, proposing a “three-whole-education” teaching model, and exploring innovative implementation strategies. The results show that the national defense awareness β=0.527, sig=0.000, indicating that the national defense awareness of college students plays a very crucial role in the national defense education of college students. It is followed by military training (β=0.435, sig=0.000) and again by military theory class (β=0.293, sig=0.015). This study is of great significance to the research on the construction and innovation of military training systems and the operation modes of national defense education in colleges and universities.

YENİLİK STRATEJİSİNİN UYGULANMASINDA REKABET YOĞUNLUĞU VE TEKNOLOJİK İŞBİRLİĞİNİN ETKİLERİ

The last half century has been a period in which businesses compete with each other through innovations and inventions. Businesses that make more inventions and innovations can get ahead of their competitors, and those that can't either lag behind in the competition or disappear. In this respect, innovation strategy, which has an important place among competitive strategies, has an important place in the success of businesses. For this reason, understanding the success factors in the implementation of the innovation strategy is gaining more and more importance every day. In this study, designed from this point of view, it is aimed to examine the effects of technological collaboration, which is a source of innovation, and the intensity of competition in the implementation of innovation strategies of enterprises. In the study, the findings obtained from the analysis of the least square structural equation analysis of the data collected with the help of questionnaires from 268 managers working in production enterprises in the provinces of Istanbul, Ankara, Bursa and Kocaeli are included. According to the findings, the intensity of competition is an important determinant that increases the implementation of innovation strategies. In addition, the increasing intensity of competition leads companies to technological collaboration and increases the level of collaboration. It has been observed that the level of implementation of innovation strategies of companies with an increased level of technological collaboration has also increased. In the study, it was also observed that technological collaboration has a positive moderator effect on the relationship between the intensity of competition and the level of innovation strategy implementation.