Implemented Actions Research Articles

IMPROVING VISUAL MEMORY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENT WITH MATHEMATICS LEARNING DIFFICULTIES: AN ACTION RESEARCH

Students with dyscalculia often face significant challenges in visual memory, which is critical for mathematical learning, particularly in recognizing and differentiating geometric shapes and their properties. This study aims to explore the extent to which an action plan, tailored to the unique learning characteristics of students with dyscalculia, can enhance their visual memory. This study was applied to the visual memory of a second-grade student with learning difficulties in mathematics. Action research, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The study was conducted over five weeks with unable to read and write student who had received a report of learning difficulties from the Guidance and Research Centre (GRC). A purposive sampling technique was used to identify participant for the study. Pre-test, post-test, action plan, observation notes and records made during the action plan implementation were used as data sources. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the implemented action plan, it was observed that the student's visual memory started to improve in the process. It was seen that the student could match the geometric shapes in general but was confused about their names and properties. The student's success rate of 5% in the pre-test reached 40% in the post-test after the action plan was implemented.

Inclusivity and Sustainable Development: A Case for Zimbabwe Higher Education Towards the Universal Design University

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) aims to transform society toward peace and sustainability by reorienting educational practices and learning experiences. The United Nations 2030 Agenda underscores the importance of quality education and ESD as vital components for driving the transformation of the global economy, as highlighted in its goals. In this framework, the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development (MHTEISTD) is actively implementing Education 5.0 in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 4, which seeks to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.” To explore the integration of inclusivity and sustainable development principles within the context of Universal Design in Higher Education, a longitudinal cohort study was conducted. This research employed structured interviews with lecturers and students, alongside observations and facility reviews, to gather diverse perspectives on the current state of inclusivity in Zimbabwean higher education. The findings indicated that while all participants demonstrated some understanding of the concept of inclusive education, the actual inclusion of students with special needs was found to vary between inadequate and acceptable levels since the implementation of Education 5.0. Based on these findings, the study strongly recommends the formal enactment of the 2019 Inclusive Education Policy draft. This policy is crucial for establishing a clear implementation framework and action plan, which are necessary for enhancing the inclusivity of higher education. By doing so, it ensures that all students, regardless of their individual needs, have equitable access to educational opportunities, thereby fostering a more inclusive and sustainable academic environment in Zimbabwe.

The role of guideline organizations in nationwide guideline implementation: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Research indicates suboptimal uptake and impact of clinical practice guidelines in Dutch healthcare. Dutch guideline organizations, i.e. guideline developers, governmental agencies, health insurers and other national organizations, develop, authorize and/or support the use of guidelines in Dutch clinical practice. These organizations influence the end users’ awareness, accessibility, understanding, acceptability and applicability of guidelines and, therefore, play a crucial role in guideline implementation. This study explores how they plan, execute, monitor and evaluate guideline dissemination and implementation. Methods Utilizing a qualitative design, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 35 participants from 24 guideline organizations. We conducted framework analysis, using theories on guideline implementation planning, the ‘taxonomy of strategies for achieving guideline implementation and compliance’ and the principles of logic models to analyse the data. Results Most guideline organizations made limited use of implementation planning approaches that are known to enhance guideline uptake and impact. These approaches include pre-identifying implementation barriers, engaging stakeholders and applying implementation theories, models and frameworks to select and tailor implementation strategies. Instead, they primarily relied on a standard set of predominantly dissemination and occasional implementation strategies known to be practical in terms of ease, cost and time. Commonly used implementation strategies included distributing, advertising and presenting guideline materials, along with providing additional implementation supporting materials. Regarding monitoring and evaluation methods, few organizations assessed the process, outcome or impact of guideline implementation. Those that did primarily relied on clinical peer review and benchmark information for their assessments. Conclusions While Dutch guideline organizations recognized and endorsed the importance of implementation, this did not consistently translate into tailored implementation actions. Most guideline organizations did not have an integrated, structural and well-thought-out plan for implementation. The lack of regular, structured monitoring and evaluation raised uncertainties about the effectiveness of implementation in supporting end users and improving patient outcomes. Suggested follow-up research and practice enhancements could strengthen central-level implementation efforts, fostering more effective local implementation and, ultimately, improving health outcomes.

The co-design of a digitally supported intervention for selecting implementation tools and actions for standards (SITAS)

BackgroundHealth and social care standards are multi-faceted interventions that promote quality and safe care in health systems. There is a need to apply evidence-based, rigorous and transparent methods when selecting strategies to support the implementation of standards. We aimed to develop an evidence- and theory-informed intervention to guide researchers in identifying appropriate implementation strategies and then selecting tailored support tools and actions for use when implementing a set of standards.MethodsOur intervention is a digital tool entitled ‘Selecting Implementation Tools and Actions for Standards (SITAS).’ The Medical Research Council Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions guided the design of SITAS. Co-design of SITAS, using a multi-stage and multi-methods approach included developing programme theory; identifying and prioritising enablers and barriers to implementing standards; identifying the best fit implementation framework using the Theory Comparison and Selection Tool; mapping enablers and barriers to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR); identifying matching implementation strategies using the CFIR-ERIC (Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change) matching tool; mapping enablers and barriers to the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). The enablers and barriers, outputs from the CFIR-ERIC matching tool and the BCW were used to develop a prototype of the content and interactive logic within a digital tool. The prototype was refined following feedback from intended users (n = 7) at three design workshops.ResultsProgramme theory was developed and refined following feedback from intended users of SITAS. Twenty-three enablers and barriers were prioritised. CFIR was identified as the best fit framework with the majority of enablers and barriers (n = 15) mapped to the ‘Inner Setting’ domain. ‘Conduct educational meetings’ was the most common strategy retrieved using the CFIR-ERIC matching tool. ‘Physical opportunity’ was the component of the BCW with the most enablers and barriers (n = 8). A prototype of SITAS was designed in Microsoft Excel based on the aforementioned steps. Workshops with intended users provided key insights about the content, functionality and user experience for SITAS which resulted in refinements to SITAS.ConclusionWe developed a practical intervention enhanced by user involvement. SITAS guides users through the process of selecting and tailoring implementation strategies to specific contexts, using core concepts of implementation science. SITAS will need to undergo formal piloting before spread and scale-up.

The link between endocrine parameters, serum lithium concentrations, and cognitive functions among individuals with affective disorders at risk of suicidal behavior. A study protocol.

Suicidal behavior is prevalent among individuals with mental disorders and constitutes a major global, clinical, and public health concern. It is generally accepted that the majority of persons who die by suicide are suffering from psychiatric disorders in most cases and that affective disorders make up the single commonest group. Suicide risk is highest during the years immediately following the onset of affective disorders; therefore, identifying risk factors and successful treatment of initially non-suicidal individuals with affective disorders can prevent developing suicidal behavior, help detecting, and predict it. Clarifying risk factors for individual types of major affective disorders could enhance earlier identification of suicidal risk, support preventive interventions and improve the treatment and prognosis of individuals at risk. We have developed a study protocol with the aim to address the complex interaction of endocrine parameters, lithium trace concentrations and cognitive functions with affective disorders and risk of suicidal behavior. A cross-sectional study will be done among individuals hospitalized after a suicidal attempt for treatment of affective disorders (group 1), hospitalized for the treatment of affective disorders without life time history of suicidal behavior (group 2), and control group individuals without life time history of mental disorders or suicidal behavior (group 3). Based on this study design we calculated the appropriate study sample size (N = 210). Venous blood samples of study participants will be collected for the evaluation of endocrine parameters, serum lithium concentrations, liver and kidney function. Data on sociodemographic factors, cognitive functions, history of mental disorders, and suicidality risk will be evaluated using validated questionnaires and instruments. Associations of endocrine parameters, serum lithium concentrations, cognitive functions, and suicidality risk will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear and logistic regression. Based on this study design we calculated the appropriate study sample size (N = 210). Power analysis has shown that this sample size is appropriate for detection of significant differences between the groups. The findings of the potential influence of the associations between serum lithium trace concentrations, endocrine parameters, and cognitive functions on suicidality risk in individuals with affective disorders may help clinicians effectively plan suicide prevention and timely implement actions for treatment.

Ecosystem-based fisheries management of crab fisheries in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands

We review ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) of crab fisheries in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI) and discuss considerations for future EBFM efforts under a rapidly changing climate. Specifically, we review governance frameworks, ecosystem policy, fishery ecosystem plans, catch accounting systems, trawl bycatch controls, trawl area closures and habitat protections, gear modifications, a Crab Rationalization Program, Ecosystem and Economic Status Reports, and Ecosystem and Socioeconomic Profiles. The strongest EBFM features of this management system include mechanisms to avoid overfishing, use of scientific knowledge, consideration of ecosystem connections, appropriate monitoring, acknowledging uncertainty, stakeholder involvement, and decisions that reflect societal choice. Some EBFM principles, such as the efficacy of gear and area closures and accounting for the dynamic nature of ecosystems have room for improvement. In spite of the large number of EBFM measures in place, three of the eight BSAI crab stocks with biomass estimates were below their minimum stock size thresholds, and thus classified as “overfished” in 2023. The lack of apparent correspondence between implemented EBFM actions and crab stock trends may indicate that environmentally driven sporadic recruitment, spikes in natural mortality, and stock range shifts mute favorable responses to EBFM actions or that outstanding critical EBFM measures have yet to be addressed. In the face of recent large-scale changes in the marine ecosystems of the BSAI and an outlook for greater changes in the future, it is increasingly important to routinely reevaluate interactions between crab, their ecosystems, fisheries and fishing communities.

The Importance of a Positive Socio-Pedagogical Environment

The socio-pedagogical environment is defined by the general atmosphere in a class of students/educational institution, being measured from the perspective of six components: the relational climate, the pedagogical climate, the security climate, the justice climate, the evaluative climate and the belonging climate. The general well-being of each student, the positive management of behaviors, collaboration, the school-family-society partnership are just some of the principles of action for the quality of the school climate. A broad, multidimensional construct, school climate indicates, among other things, the quality and character of school life, being the generator of the feeling of safety, of students' school success or failure, when it turns out to be negative. In this context, the role of the teacher, from the perspective of the one who organizes the learning situations, is a particularly important one, as he determines the classroom climate according to decisions, style, practices and interaction with students. At the same time, researchers agree that a school climate characterized by positive interpersonal relationships contributes to increasing the level of student performance and reducing the number of students with adjustment problems. The article aims to present the results obtained following the application of a questionnaire targeting the socio-pedagogical environment among primary school pupils. The obtained data offer the possibility of identifying the positive aspects, which aim to improve the quality of school life, but also the negative ones, the possible problems, for which proposed and implemented actions are required to improve the school climate.

Impact of normal vs. caesarean deliveries on child nutritional status and mortality in India: insights from NFHS-5 data

ObjectiveSkilled birth attendance and place of delivery have a significant effect on child growth. The present paper examined the mode of delivery and its impact on child health among children 0–59 months in India.MethodsA total of 200,794 samples were used in the study. Among them, 45,784 births were delivered by C-section, and the remaining 150,010 births were delivered through normal delivery. Life table estimation of mortality, as well as bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, were used to identify the association between child health and mode of delivery using data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2019-21.ResultsThe study results indicate that children born through normal delivery had significantly lower rates of stunting, wasting, and underweight compared to those born via C-section. Additionally, the likelihood of a new-born baby dying during the neonatal period was higher for those delivered by C-section compared to those delivered vaginally, which holds true for various background characteristics. Mothers with a 3rd or higher order birth who deliver via C-section face a higher risk of their baby dying during the neonatal and infant periods compared to those with a 2nd order birth.ConclusionThe conclusion of the study found that C-section delivery may adversely affect child undernutrition as compared to normal birth. These findings would help formulate the policies and implement actions that would improve the quality of painless labor and immediate delivery in health facilities particularly public hospitals and shall reduce the C-section birth.

Climate actions on the neighbourhood level—Individual, collective, cultural, and socio-structural factors

This paper takes a multi-perspective approach to understand drivers and barriers of climate action on the neighbourhood level. We start with the assumption that climate actions on the level of citizens are most motivating and promising, when conducted jointly within established social systems like neighbourhoods. A survey implemented in neighbourhoods (3 in Austria, 2 in Norway, 2 in Italy, 2 in Finland). The neighbourhoods were partly in rural communities (4) and partly in urban or semi-urban areas (5). In total, 1.084 answers were retained between summer 2022 and summer 2023. The impact of factors from the different perspectives on the self-reported number of implemented climate actions were tested in a stepwise structural-equation-modelling-approach. The analyses show that intentions to act both on the individual and collective level impact climate actions as represented by behaviour in four domains (travel, diet, protest, and general climate action) implemented by citizens in the neighbourhoods, but individual intentions are more important. In addition, local cultural aspects have an impact on climate action, as indicated by the two extremely rural Finnish neighbourhoods being different on many variables. On the socio-structural level, males and households with younger children report less climate action, whereas larger households in general and people with university degree report more. Intentions to act individually are mostly determined by perceived individual efficacy and attitudes, but also selected cultural and socio-structural factors. Collective intentions to act depend on the social capital in the neighbourhood, collective efficacy, and social norms, as well as selected socio-structural and cultural factors. Concluding, this paper emphasises that in order to understand and stimulate climate-related action of citizens, the individual, collective, cultural and socio-structural factors must be taken into account and that the level of neighbourhoods, where everyday action takes place, is a relevant unit of analysis to do so.

Language Teachers Actualising Their Vision: An Identity-Focused Approach to Teachers’ Continuing Professional Development

This study investigated language teachers’ visions for professional self-development, drawing on a central argument that there is an inherent connection between teacher identity and their professional vision. Eighty-six in-service Vietnamese English-language teachers participated in a guided six-stage procedure in which they articulated their visions for professional self-development, created and implemented action plans to actualise these visions and reflected on the impact of this vision-based practice on their identity and ongoing professional development. Findings show that teachers targeted four main aspects for development: refining teaching methods, enhancing English language competence, cultivating specific teacher traits and understanding and supporting learners. They also employed diverse strategies to actualise their teaching visions, falling into cognitive, affective, social and practice-based categories. Participants perceived the vision-based practice positively, citing benefits such as opportunities for self-reflection, increased professional confidence and more defined language teaching directions and goals. Some also pointed out challenges to actualising visions, mainly time constraints and their own lack of efforts to follow their action plans. These findings provide implications for language teachers and teacher educators regarding implementing and sustaining vision-based practices for language teachers’ continuous professional development.

From the Operating Theater to the Pathology Laboratory: Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis of the Biological Samples Transfer.

Introduction: The frozen section intra-operative consultation is a pathology procedure that provides real-time evaluations of tissue samples during surgery, enabling quick and informed decisions. In the pre-analytical phase, errors related to sample collection, transport, and identification are common, and tools like failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis help identify and prevent risks. This study aims to enhance patient safety and diagnostic quality by analyzing risks and optimizing sample management. Materials and Methods: The failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis was conducted by a multidisciplinary team to analyze the workflow of frozen section sample handling from collection in the operating theater to acceptance at the pathology lab. Six steps were identified, each assigned tasks and responsibilities, with risks assessed through the risk priority number, calculated from severity, occurrence, and detectability. Severity was classified based on the WHO framework, ranging from "No Harm" to "Death", to prioritize risks effectively. Results: The study identified 12 failure modes across 11 sub-processes, prioritized by risk. Key failures included missing patient identification, incorrect sample retrieval, missing labels, misdirected samples, and samples sent to the wrong lab. Discussion: Pre-analytical errors in pathology pose risks to diagnosis and patient care, with most errors occurring in this phase. A multidisciplinary team identified key issues, such as sample mislabeling and delays due to staff unavailability, and implemented corrective actions, including improved signage, staff re-training, and sample tracking systems. Monitoring and regular checks ensured ongoing adherence to protocols and reduced the risks of misidentification, transport delays, and procedural errors. Conclusions: The frozen section intra-operative consultation is vital in surgical pathology, with the pre-analytical phase posing significant risks due to potential errors in sample handling and labeling. Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis has proven effective in identifying and prioritizing these failures, despite resource demands, by allowing corrective actions that enhance patient safety and healthcare quality.

Critical infrastructure resilience: a guide for building indicator systems based on a multi-criteria framework with a focus on implementable actions

Abstract. Criteria and indicators are frequently used for assessing the resilience of critical infrastructure (CI). Moreover, to generate precise information on conditions, the assessment designed for CI resilience could rely on indicator systems. However, few practical tools exist for guiding CI managers to build specific indicator systems for considering real cases. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a step-by-step guide that contains guidance on operational steps and required resources for criteria and indicator setting, reference definition, and data collection. This guide enables CI managers to build systems of indicators tailored to different real cases. This guide could assist CI managers in their decision-making process, as it is structured based on a multi-criteria framework that takes into account the cost–benefit analysis and side effects of implementable actions. This guide could furthermore advance the application of indicator-based CI resilience assessment in practical management. In addition, this study provides an example to demonstrate how to use this guide. This example is based on specific circumstances for the Nantes Ring Road (NRR) network: when the ring road is flooded and closed, the road network manager suggests alternative roads to the public. An indicator system consisting of 4 criteria, 7 sub-criteria, and 11 indicators was built for these circumstances using the guide developed in this paper. This example relates to criteria and indicators in the technical, social, and environmental dimensions and involves 62 676 data points.

Predicting health impacts of wildfire smoke in Amazonas basin, Brazil

Worldwide, smoke from forest fires has deleterious health effects. Even so, because of the complexity of fire mechanics, public health authorities face challenges in forecasting and thus mitigating population exposure to smoke. The population in the Amazon basin regularly suffers from fire smoke tied to agriculture and land-use change. The people of Manaus, a city of two million in the center of the basin, suffer the consequences. The study herein evaluates the time lag between fire occurrence and hospital admission for cardiorespiratory illness. Understanding the time lag is key to forecasting and mitigating the public health effects. The study approach is sequential application of four increasingly complex methods of machine learning to examine the relationships among black carbon concentrations, fire count, meteorology, and hospital admissions. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for predicting hospital admissions ranged from 27% to 38%. Furthermore, a one-day lag was observed between the detection of fires and the manifestations of respiratory health hazards. This finding suggests the potential for developing an early warning system, which could enable public health officials to issue advisories or implement preventive actions during the brief period before hospital admissions begin to rise. The findings have applicability not only to the population exposed to fires in the Amazon basin but also to populations where smoke is prevalent, notably increasingly in Australia, southern Europe, the western USA, southern Canada, and southeast Asia.

Increasing Scientific Literacy using a Guided Inquiry Approach assisted by PhET Simulations in Wave Material

This research was conducted to assess the growth of students' scientific literacy skills using the Guided Inquiry learning model assisted by PhET Simulation on Wave material. The method used in this research is Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) or Action Research with the research subjects were 39 students of SMA Negeri 6 Kabupaten Tangerang class XI MIPA 3. This research design consists of three cycles with each cycle consisting of four stages: planning (plan), implementation (action), observation (observe), and reflection (reflect). The results of the research show that the application of the Guided Inquiry learning model assisted by PhET Simulation can improve students' scientific literacy abilities with the average percentage value of scientific literacy abilities in the "good" category, this can be seen in the greatest increase that occurred in cycle III, which was found The average percentage increase in the science content indicator was 68.7%, the science context indicator was 63.7%, and the science process indicator was 65.5%. From the results of observations from this research, it can be seen that through the Guided Inquiry learning model assisted by PhET Simulation, students are more active in the learning process.

Adolescent nutrition program that is integrated and gender responsive through nutritional actions in the context of support government realize gold generation

Children's health age schools and teenagers moment was determine the degrees generation nation in the future. We need prepare them to become a source power of quality human beings, such as through education health in order to increase their capability to avoid theirselves from possible problems​ impact. Indonesian teenagers experience three burden nutrition which classified as short (25%), thin (8%), overweight body weight (15%) or obesity and about 10% of male teenagers and 23% of female teenagers were suffering from anemia. Teenager is half from source Power man for the future and a huge asset For growth economic and social especially teenager daughter who prone to suffer from anemia due to lost blood at the moment menstruation. Female teenagers who suffer from anemia are at risk experienced anemia at the time pregnant and will impact negative to growth and development fetus in content as well as potential give rise to complications pregnancy and childbirth, even cause death to mother and child. Anemia in children ages 5-14 years amounting to 26.8% and aged 15-24 years by 32%. Activity implementation action program dedicated to implement some programs, such as hemoglobin examination in students, strengthen supplementation of iron substance, and acid folate weekly or Fe table for female teenager, education multi-sectoral nutrition, and sharing and drinking with added tablets blood. Activity This need done monitoring and evaluation the extent of the effectiveness of this program in frame prevent occurrence of anemia in adolescents.

Approach Constructivism To Motivation Studying History of XI IPS Students at SMAN 2 Medan

Study This aim For know influence approach constructivism if implemented fully in the first class No apply similar approach, approach This linked with exists development motivation Study participant educate in eye lesson history in class XI SMAN 2 Medan. Background study This is exists hindering problems ongoing learning process teach in class, anyway problem That is participant educate No own high passion For finish assigned tasks, several among them behave No Spirit when learning ongoing, no there is curiosity to eye lesson to be studied, participants educate new Want to do matter if ordered or not own Good initiative, participant educate too depend to the teacher, no concentrate moment carry out learning, and having little enthusiasm in face challenge. Problem the refer to problem lack motivation Study student see indicators displayed by participants educate. Based on background behind problem that so researcher endeavor give possible approach facilitate development student Good in a way cognitive, affective and psychomotor that is use approach constructivism. Study This use approach quantitative with type study that is Classroom Action Research consisting of of two cycles, where cycle second done For finish cycle problems first one yet resolved or Not yet missed. Population in study This is all over class XI IPS SMAN 2 Medan year teachings 2024/2025 consisting of from eight class, and make it sample as much ie class XI IPS 1 had 38 participants educate. On every cycle held 2 meetings with 4 stages arranged ie planning, implementation action, observation, and reflection. From the results analysis and calculation of the data obtained that's it on stage before action / pre-action obtained mark complete classic low namely 45%. On learning through implementation approach constructivism has increase motivation learn history as seen from mark results Study students in the main discussion incident Proclamation Indonesian Independence in class XI at SMAN 2 Medan. This matter indicated by activity student in the learning process by researchers in cycle I, meeting 1 and meeting 2, was 60% and 63.3% and increased in cycle II, meeting 1 and meeting 2, namely amounting to 80.1% and 94.8% were in very good category. As well as teacher activities in the learning process experience increase, namely in cycle 1 amounted to 62.5% and 68.2% and increased in cycle II amounted to 80.7% and 94.3%. Improvement results Study can seen in cycle I, meeting 1 and meeting 2, completeness classical 45% and 55% with amount completed students individual. In cycle II, students complete 38 individuals each at meeting 1 and 38 people at meeting 2, with completeness classic 87% and 100%.

The adoption of a place-based framework to inform municipal health strategies

Abstract Background Health is a place-based issue. Research shows that inequalities in health are significantly influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors, making local policies related to these domains critical determinants. Yet, place-based health planning remains underutilized by local practitioners, not receiving adequate attention from policy-makers. Departing from the Municipal Health Strategy of Coimbra, this presentation aims to showcase the framework used for guiding municipal health planning, addressing multidimensional factors, geographic analysis, intersectoral collaboration and participatory approaches. Methods The conceptual and methodological framework followed a population health approach with a geographic lens, looking at how the health outcomes and health determinants were geographically distributed across the municipality (data disaggregated at sub-municipal level), as well as the extent to which policies from multiple sectors can address them. The planning cycle followed an iterative seven-stage process based in five key actions: 1 - Assess (Health Profile), 2 - Prioritize (Priorities), 3 - Plan (Objectives and Strategies), 4 - Implement (Action Plan) and 5 - Monitor (Targets and Measures, Monitoring Plan). Participatory processes were conducted involving local stakeholders and citizens to identify needs, establish priorities and actions. Results The framework for action integrates 14 goals and 94 actions across six policy domains: Sustainable Mobility and Public Places, Safe and Adequate Housing, Accessible Healthcare, Social Cohesion and Participation, Education and Health Literacy and Intersectoral and Collaborative Leadership. Conclusions Adopting a place-based framework to health planning, involving a geographical and multidimensional health assessment as well as the participation of local stakeholders and citizens, was considered effective in turning evidence into practice. Key messages • Municipal health strategies should be developed with a place-based perspective, prioritizing health as the focal point across various intersectoral municipal policies. • The integrated framework shed light on the experience of co-creation to inform health-oriented planning, ensuring that actions address specific needs of localities.

A prescription audit in the ear, nose and throat outpatient department, in a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Prescription audit is a quality improvement process aimed at enhancing patient care and outcomes by reviewing prescriptions. It provides feedback to healthcare providers, (HCPs) to identify areas for improvement and ensure the quality of prescriptions. This study aims to analyse the prescription patterns and prescribing behaviour of doctors using world health organization (WHO) recommended core prescribing indicators and prescription audit guidelines from national health mission (NHM), India and implement action plan accordingly. Methods: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted for one month in the ear, nose and throat outpatient department (ENT OPD) of KMC-RI, Hubballi. A total of 96 prescriptions were analysed using WHO-recommended core indicators and additional indicators from a prescription audit template. An action plan was created to enhance prescription quality. Results: All the prescriptions contained complete demographic details of the patients, OPD registration name and date of consultation. Handwriting was legible in all 96 prescriptions with a score of 100%. Two lowest performing attributes were identified using prescription audit tool namely, allergy status and generic name with a score of 7% and 37.9% respectively. The study revealed that average number of drugs encountered was 1.9, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 37.9%, percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed was 2.08% and percentage of drugs prescribed from NLEM was 37.9%. Conclusions: The prescription audit revealed that most prescriptions adhered to WHO standards. However, improvements are needed in documenting allergy status and prescribing by generic name. An action plan with a defined timeline has been prepared to provide feedback, aiming to enhance prescription quality and ensure better healthcare outcomes.

Sustainable Mobility as a Service: A Scientometric Review in the Context of Agenda 2030

City planners are facing an emergency to develop, promote, and implement actions that allow the mobility needs of people and businesses in cities (and their surroundings) to be satisfied to assure a better quality of life. Among the different actions to promote, there is public transport, which should be the cornerstone of sustainable urban mobility. The only way to achieve the transition from private to public is by integrating services into a multimodal network and then encouraging interchange between different modes of transportation. In this context, the development of mobility as a service (MaaS) solutions is significant, and different studies have been developed in recent years. The paper thus introduces a scientometric review of such a topic in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030. The study focuses on the current state of MaaS implementation, trends, and research gaps, with an in-depth analysis of emerging themes, based on 819 documents selected from the WoS and Scopus databases. Introducing the database, and research methodology, an accurate interpretation of the data generated by the bibliometric analysis, and the primary evaluation parameters are outlined. The identified studies have been then categorized into three thematic groups with the intention of offering a comprehensive study that identifies the shortcomings and difficulties in the research carried out in these areas up to today. Particular attention is paid to how this research relates to the Sustainable Development Goals.

Translating science into actions to conserve Amazonian freshwaters

AbstractDespite the importance of freshwater ecosystems to social‐ecological systems of the Amazon, conservation in the region historically has focused on terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, current information on pressing management and conservation needs specific to freshwaters is scattered across multiple disciplines and generally focused on particular threats, habitats, and taxa. This disparateness of information limits the ability of researchers and practitioners to set priorities and implement actions that comprehensively address challenges faced by freshwater ecosystems. To reduce this research‐implementation gap, we reviewed the scientific literature on Amazon freshwater conservation to identify pressing actions to be taken and potential directions for their implementation. We identified 63 actions gleaned from 174 publications. These were classified into six major themes: (i) implement environmental flows, (ii) improve water quality, (iii) protect and restore critical habitats, (iv) manage exploitation of freshwater organisms, (v) prevent and control invasive species, and (vi) safeguard and restore freshwater connectivity. Although each action may face different implementation challenges, we propose three guiding principles to support action planning and decisions on‐the‐ground. We conclude with a reflection on potential future directions to place freshwaters into the center of policies and agreements that target the conservation of the Amazon.