Stages Of Implementation Research Articles

Perancangan dan Implementasi Virtual Tour Sebagai Media Promosi Inovatif Pada Fakultas Ilmu Komputer

Esa Unggul University has experienced a decline in the number of applicants for the Faculty ofComputer Science, particularly in the Information Technology and Information Systems programs.To address this issue, a Virtual Tour application based on Virtual Reality (VR) was developedusing Unity and Oculus Quest 2 as a promotional tool. This application provides a deeper insightinto the campus facilities, enhancing prospective students' interest. The development method usedis the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC), encompassing planning, design, development,testing, and implementation stages. Testing results indicate that this application is effective inattracting new student interest. The Virtual Tour application has proven to be an innovative andbeneficial promotional tool for Esa Unggul University.

Same term, but unequal understanding: differences in digital public health intervention features

Abstract Digital technologies have transformed healthcare delivery and public health, with many countries integrating interventions such as online consultations, electronic health records, and telemedicine to improve population health and healthcare accessibility. Multinational assessments for benchmarking system maturity ask for the degree of implementation of such tools. However, are these interventions as comparable as they claim to be? This talk presents a qualitative analysis of 179 digital public health (DiPH) interventions described in scientific articles. We categorized interventions based on their implementation stages, public health functions, and reported and non-technical features. Telemedicine, health apps, and electronic health record interventions dominated the diverse landscape. While these technology groups already differed greatly in their functions, we identified equally significant differences in the reported intervention characteristics within the groups. For example, telemedicine was not only used in healthcare settings for patients and health professionals but also in primary prevention and research for researchers, policymakers, and healthy individuals. Different interventions reported varying functions, such as remote monitoring, self-monitoring, alarm systems, patient motivation, and user empowerment modules. So, is there one common telemedical intervention? No. Instead, all individual technologies differed to varying degrees. The analysis underscored the diversity of DiPH interventions among and within intervention groups and highlighted the importance of precise terminology for effective planning and evaluation. Instead of using broad classifications like ‘telemedicine,’ interventions should be defined and communicated based on specific technological functions, non-technical characteristics, use cases, and user groups. This approach will promote cross-disciplinary collaboration and foster international comparability across DiPH systems.

Unlocking the limitedness on promotion: Augmenting a web-based mobile promotional media for delivery services at a homeware company

As information technology develops, the utilization of the internet as a business platform has increased significantly, allowing companies to promote their products and services more widely and efficiently. This research explores the development of a mobile website for a homeware company in Batam, which currently relies on online platforms such as Shopee and Tokopedia. This dependency causes limitations in reaching customers optimally. Therefore, this research proposes the development of mobile web-based promotional media using the Waterfall method, which includes the stages of need analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This method was chosen to ensure a systematic approach in designing and developing a responsive and appropriate website. Using Unified Modeling Language (UML) in system design possibly allows clear visualization and effective stakeholder communication. The implementation conducted by employing PHP, MySQL, and CodeIgniter framework resulted in a website which is expected to be able to fulfil the functional and non-functional needs of the company. The results show that developing this mobile web-based promotion system can potentially increase the company's market reach and operational efficiency as well as provide easy access for customers. This research provides an innovative model for similar companies to adopt digital technology to improve their business competitiveness.

Rancangan Aplikasi Kasir Toko Kelontong Berbasis Website Menggunakan Metode Waterfall

Digitalization in the business world has become an urgent need to enhance efficiency andproductivity, particularly for grocery stores that still rely on manual methods for managingtransactions and inventory. Dependence on manual processes often leads to various issues, such asinaccurate record-keeping, difficulties in tracking inventory, and suboptimal customer service. Toaddress these challenges, this study develops a web-based cashier application designed to automatetransactions, inventory management, and sales reporting. The application is expected to facilitatestore owners in managing daily operations while improving data accuracy and customersatisfaction. The development of the application follows the Waterfall method, a structured andlinear software development approach. This method involves stages of requirements analysis,system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The outcome of this study is a webbasedcashier application capable of addressing the challenges faced by grocery stores, withfeatures that support operational efficiency and flexibility in monitoring business activities. Thisapplication also offers long-term benefits in enhancing the competitiveness of grocery stores in thedigital era.

Application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Assisted by Canva Media to Increase Interest in History Subjects for Class X.9 SMA Negeri 5 Medan

This research aims to increase students' interest in learning in the subject of History by implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model assisted by Canva media. The research was conducted in class X.9 of SMA Negeri 5 Medan. The method used is classroom action research (PTK) with two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, and student learning interest questionnaires. The research results show that the application of the PBL learning model assisted by Canva media is able to increase students' interest in learning significantly. Using Canva media in the learning process makes the material more interesting and easy to understand, so that students are more actively involved in learning. This research suggests implementing the PBL learning model with the support of digital media such as Canva as an effective strategy in increasing students' interest in learning, especially in History subjects.

The 1+Million Genomes Maturity Level Model for Genomics in Healthcare

Abstract The 1+Million Genomes Initiative (1+MG) has been fostering reflection in European countries on their national strategies for genomic medicine, and how these can contribute to research development and improved medical practice. For all citizens to truly benefit from genomic medicine, there must be equitable access across Europe. However, European countries are currently at different stages of implementation of genomics in medical practice. To bridge these gaps, health decision-makers need to understand the maturity of genomic medicine practices in their healthcare systems, to make informed decisions about investment, resources, and practices towards optimized adoption of genomics in healthcare systems. This presentation will focus on the 1+MG Maturity Level Model (MLM), developed in the context of the 1+MG Initiative and B1MG project. This MLM was created as a tool for countries to self-assess the maturity of genomic medicine practices in their healthcare systems, and to define a path to optimization. The MLM content was validated through a Delphi survey with international genomics and public health experts, and a pilot in real-life settings was conducted in eight European countries. The 1+MG MLM pilot provided valuable insights regarding common strengths, weaknesses, and asymmetries across Europe, highlighting the need for national and cross-European investments to close existing gaps, and make personalised medicine accessible to all citizens and patients in Europe.

Implementation Learning Based Project To Creativity Study PPKn Class X SMAN 14 Medan

Writing work scientific aim count influence implementation learning with a project focus to improvement creativity Study student in class X at SMAN 14 Medan. Study This started from background behind problem ie exists problem learning happens in the classroom so that hinder the learning process teaching, As for the problem the is students are less open to input where students are reluctant to change bad habits such as picking on friends, being noisy in class and not paying attention to the teacher, then students are less creative in answering questions, the average answer they say and write is the same answer and monotonous, students are less having a sense of responsibility for what is done and no lack of a sense of independence dominates the classroom, where there are only a few students who are able to complete challenges uniquely and uniquely and the rest only look at and follow the answers in book language, so that the answers given tend to be the same. This problem refers to a lack of student creativity because it shows creativity indicators. The low level of student learning creativity means that students are limited in developing themselves, this is because they do not feel the freedom of expression, so solutions must be immediately provided so that learning can take place optimally. Researchers provide a solution in the form of implementing a project-based learning model so that students are free to provide and express unique and unique ideas with supervision and guidance from the teacher. This research uses a quantitative approach with systematic data presentation regarding the assessment of statistical figures which are presented objectively and straightforwardly so that the results obtained are a real picture in the field and not the result of the researcher's subjectivity. The type of research method used is classroom action research or PTK which is carried out in two cycles, where the first cycle is carried out as a solution to problems that have not been resolved in the first cycle. Each cycle is carried out with two meetings. Classroom action research is carried out through four stages, namely the planning stage, action implementation stage, observation and reflection. The subjects in this research were students of class X IKM 5 SMAN 14 Medan with a total of 38 students in one class unit. The results in this research are with results observation about mark creativity Study student so found that's it giving action on the cycle First Not yet find maximum results and not yet passed the graduation limit namely 75%. So that researcher must carry out study cycle second. There are problems that must be solved repaired and found in implementation cycle First is a teacher lacking provide stimulus, too much explanation fast, and giving problem in missing projects concrete so that give rise to interpretation double by participants educate and collaborate group Still in threshold value 55-70 where mark the Still classified to category low value, problems in cycle I create Work The same in group less than optimal and adequate so that must given improvements to the cycle furthermore. exists significant improvement about implementation learning based project to creativity Study PPKn student Where show the average figure was 83% at meetings First with status from not enough become OK, then on to the meeting both also experienced high increase ie of 88% which shows already in category completeness and visibility Work The same in group experience increase Where the average level obtained initially only by 60% increase to 80-85%. So that can concluded that increase the show there is good influence in application of learning models based project in improvement cooperation participant educate in group.

VALIDITAS PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF ADOBE FLASH CS6 PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA SEKOLAH DASAR

This research is based on the minimal use of technology-based media in the teaching and learning process in elementary schools, especially in Pancasila Education subjects. Teachers more often use surrounding objects and books as media, which makes students feel bored during learning. The aim of this research is to develop interactive multimedia using Adobe Flash CS6 for learning Pancasila Education, especially the Elements of the 1945 Constitution, in class V of SD Gugus 2, Nanggalo District, Padang City, which has high validity, practicality and effectiveness. This research is a type of research and development (Research & Development) by applying the ADDIE model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The instruments used to collect data include validation, practicality and effectiveness instruments. Data was analyzed through validity, practicality and effectiveness analysis. The development of interactive multimedia Adobe Flash CS6 for learning Pancasila education in class V of SD Gugus 2, Nanggalo District, Padang City uses the ADDIE model. The results show that the average assessment of the three expert validators is 93.74%, which is categorized as very valid. The results show that any media is very suitable for use.

Development of e-Booklets making nata de pina as a learning resource for Biology Technology Innovation material in the Merdeka Phase E curriculum in high school

Research Development of e-Booklet Making Nata De Pina Research-Based Research as a Learning Source of Biological Technology Innovation Material in the Merdeka Phase E Curriculum in High School aims to analyze the influence of the concentration of sprouts extract on the quality of thickness and weight of nata de pina, as well as analyzing the validity, feasibility, and readability of E-Booklet Making Nata De Pina Developed. The development research design uses the Addie model, which consists of 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. In this study the implementation stage was not implemented. The results of this study were the provision of sprouts in the process of making nata de pina had a significant effect on the thickness of thickness and weight of nata de pina. The best results of the five treatments for the concentration of sprouts extract tested are trial in the K4 treatment with a concentration of sprouts of 100 ml for 500ml of media. The e-Booklet of making Nata de Pina is considered very valid with the acquisition of material validation scores of 90.90% and the validation score of media experts of 93.53%. The e-Booklet making Nata de Pina was declared very feasible with the acquisition of the teacher response score of 96.66% and the student response was 89.52%. As well as the results of the e-Booklet readability test making Nata de Pina is considered high with the acquisition of the Rumpang test score of 98.38%.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE SCIENCE LEARNING E-MODULES BASED ON PROJECT BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AT ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Interactive Science Learning E-Module teaching materials are developed with science process skills. The interactive science learning e-module has the form of software that can be used with the help of a laptop, computer and cellphone. Interactive e-Modules are presented in PDF form, making them easier for educators and students to use, and can be used offline, but there are several menus such as quizzes, learning videos and evaluations that cannot be accessed if you are not connected to the internet. This research is Research and Development (R&D), by applying five ADDIE model stages (analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate). Stage analyze includes analysis of educators and students. The design stage includes preparing the e-module outline in the form of selecting media and e-module formats as well as designing the learning content in the e-module. The development stage includes the development of data collection instruments. The data collection instruments in this research are eligibility sheets for validators and science learning practitioners, as well as pretest and posttest questions for science process skills. This instrument was developed based on review by supervisors, assessments by validator lecturers, science teacher learning practitioners, and trials on students. The implementation stage includes the application of the e-module that has been developed for class IV students at MI Tarbiyatussibyan Banyuwangi. The experimental design used at this stage is one group pretest-posttest. The evaluation stage includes the form of evaluation carried out at each ADDIE stage. The data analysis technique used is the normality test and t test.The research results show that the interactive science learning e-module based on project based learning that was developed is very effective and interesting to use in science learning. The science e-module is effective in improving science process skills because the results of field trials show students' enthusiasm in learning science and students who easily understand science material with the stages of science process skills. Science process skills can also provide innovation to educators in creating enjoyable science learning.

The Ongoing Struggle for Agrarian Reform As an Unfinished Agenda? Lessons From Mekarsari Village

Abstract: Agrarian reform without interaction between the state and society only addresses temporary issues. The implementation of agrarian reform in Indonesia has been overly focused on achieving outputs based on easily measurable quantities, leaving social problems unaddressed. The aim of this research is to elaborate the implementation of agrarian reform, particularly in the management of assets in the Mekarsari Agrarian Reform Village. The method used is a quantitative approach using questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 50 respondents who are beneficiaries of agrarian reform. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics method. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of management at the planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages shows that the interaction between the responsibility of state actors and community participation is low. As a result, the implementation of agrarian reform is still one-way, limited to completing the output targets of land redistribution and granting access decided by the organizers. Without meaningful community participation, it will be difficult for the community to take control to decide on the appropriate use of resources. For this reason, the implementation of agrarian reform in Mekarsari Village still needs to be contested. Keywords: Agrarian reform, Contested, State-society interaction

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Video Animasi Berbasis Powtoon pada Mata Pelajaran Teknologi Perkantoran Kelas X SMK Satya Bhakti 2 Jakarta

This study aims to develop video-based interactive learning media using the Powtoon application for Office Technology lessons in class X SMK Satya Bhakti 2 Jakarta. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The evaluation results show that the developed learning media is very feasible to use, with an average score of 92.17% from media experts and 96.19% from material experts, both of which fall into the category of ‘Very Feasible.’ This research is expected to increase the effectiveness of learning and attract students' interest in understanding the subject matter.

Культура музейного соучастия как форма организации социальной консолидации

The article delves into the problem of social consolidation and the search for specific forms of its organization. Based on the experience of humanitarian scientific reflection and on the results obtained by other researchers, the author points out the complex and dynamic nature of various aspects of consolidation in each specific case, including in the sphere of cultural practices, museum activities and the culture of museum complicity, which are included in the problematic circle of discussion of the scientific article. The thesis is put forward that the most important form of organizing social consolidation is the culture of museum participation, which involves the creation of a certain museum product or service based on the joint activities of visitors, various communities and partners at certain stages of project implementation. It is emphasized that the analysis of scientific humanitarian discourse allows us to formulate a theoretical approach to understanding the relevance of studying the culture of museum participation as the most important form of consolidation, contributing to the cohesion of the local community in order to create favorable conditions for consolidation processes in culture.

Implementation of Problem Based Learning Model to Improve the Ability to Solve SPLDV in Grade 9 Students

This research focuses on the challenges in learning mathematics, especially in understanding and solving the system of linear equations of two variables, which is often an obstacle for students. This study aims to improve students' ability to solve SPLDV as well as increase students' motivation and engagement in learning. This study analyzed the effectiveness of Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in improving the ability to solve the System of Linear Equations of Two Variables (SPLDV) in class VIII students of SMPN 54 Surabaya. This study involved 34 students consisting of 18 male students and 16 female students using a Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach carried out in two cycles, each of which consisted of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The instruments used were learning outcome tests, observation sheets, and student questionnaires. The results showed a significant increase in students' SPLDV problem solving ability, with the average score of students increasing from 65 in the pretest to 75 in the first cycle post-test, and reached 85 in the second cycle post-test. The proportion of students who met the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) increased from 50% in the first cycle to 85% in the second cycle. Further analysis showed that female students outperformed male students, with an average score of 87 and 82. Student engagement also increased, reaching 90% in the second cycle. This study concludes that the PBL model effectively improved SPLDV problem solving skills in grade 9 students and recommends its wider application in mathematics education.

Enhancing Algorithmic Thinking Skills through Phygital Games: The Case of Space Codyssey

This paper presents an educational phygital game, Space Codyssey, aiming at cultivating the algorithmic thinking skills of young children. Space Codyssey is a phygital game, and its contains programming activities for the Sequence, Repetition, and Selection Structures, as well as Code Debugging activities (Debugging). The game utilizes Augmented Reality technology to present missions via QR cards. Additionally, digital storytelling is used as a means of assistance and teaching for preschool and early primary students. In the game, reading skills are not a prerequisite, and programming is accomplished using symbolic commands through a "Visual Programming Language." The participatory design methodology that was adopted, involving 28 educators from various specialties, reflects a holistic approach to the development of educational technologies. This interdisciplinary collaboration allowed for the integration of diverse pedagogical perspectives, ensuring that the game meets the multifaceted needs of modern education. The paper highlights the educational goals and learning outcomes for the designtated age group. It presents the scenario, the subject, the elements of the game, the rules, and the game mechanics. It also describes the implementation stages and the development of the application. Finally, it presents the results from a study, which involved 28 educators and aimed to improve the game before its use in educational settings.

Design and Development of Diabestfriend Application for Digital Self Care Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Objective: The availability of the results of the Android-based Diabestfriend Application for digital self-care management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Theoretical Framework: The numerous interventions that come under the more general term "self-care" and are helpful in understanding the self-care suite have been categorized into three domains: self-awareness, self-testing, and self-care. Methods: The ADDIE development model is used in this study in three stages. Ten patients with type 2 diabetes who completed questionnaires, along with validators from one media expert and one material expert, comprise the implementation stage, which is the application assessment stage. The questionnaires consist of three sections: a total of 16 questions for patient application assessment, 21 questions for media expert validation, and 25 questions for material expert validation. Results and Discussion: The validation score of media experts was 83.8 with the very good category, the validation score of the material experts was 81.6 with the very good category and the response score of diabetes mellitus patients was 88.95 with the very good category. Research Implications: Further research on the efficacy of the Diabestfriend Application as a digital self-care management tool in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients will provide insight into how the use of the application affects the patients' level of self-care management. Originality/Value: The Diabestfriend Application is appropriate for use as a digital self-care management tool for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, according to validation from media experts, material experts, and 10 diabetes patients.

Organizational Communication Patterns in The Management of Mental Development of Kodam II Sriwijaya in The Digital Era

Mental coaching is one of the methods to shape the mentality of Army soldiers to always act based on high morals, enthusiasm, and awareness, with the aim of forming commendable and responsible morals in living life. This research aims to analyze the pattern of organizational communication in the management of mental development of soldiers through planning, organization, implementation, and supervision, as well as what media are used in each process in Kodam II Sriwijaya. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews and documentation, while data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. This research also uses source triangulation to validate the data. The results showed that in the Planning and Organizing stages, the Wheel Pattern and Chain Pattern communication patterns were used, where the leader was central in determining work plans, instructions, reports, and organizational structures. At the Implementation stage, the patterns used are Wheel Pattern and All Channel Pattern, with new communication media such as WhatsApp as the main tool. At the Monitoring stage, the Wheel Pattern remains dominant, where the leader acts as the center of evaluation in receiving and sending messages. The implication of this research is the important role of structured communication and the use of new media in the management of soldiers' mental development, which can improve the effectiveness of organizational communication and soldiers' performance.

Residents’ perceptions of tourism development in the context of a new governance framework for Portuguese protected areas: The case of a small peripheral natural park

Historically, Portuguese protected areas (PAs) have been operating under top-down governance, often neglecting local communities. In 2019, the Portuguese government established a new governance model for PAs, based on co-management. The new co-management approach emphasises collaborative and participatory governance and positions sustainable tourism as a catalyst for territorial revitalisation and local development. However, local communities' attitudes and perceptions regarding tourism in these areas remain largely uncharted. This study focuses on the Alvão Natural Park (PNAL), a small rural and mountainous Portuguese PA, which is currently in the early stages of co-management implementation. Our goal was to investigate local residents' perceptions of tourism's impacts and identify potential divergence among resident groups and their level of support for tourism development. These insights are crucial because the active engagement of local communities is a key element for sustainable tourism development and the successful implementation of co-management. The study employed a self-administered survey, garnering responses from 250 PNAL residents representing over half of the park's population. Factor analysis identified four primary perceptual dimensions and cluster analysis classified residents into three distinct groups based on their tourism perceptions. While most PNAL residents express support for tourism development, there is a resounding call for new policies to revert the legacy of top-down governance. This research provides essential insights for shaping effective tourism policies, planning and development strategies, and ensuring the active involvement of local communities in co-management and sustainable development efforts within the PNAL. Moreover, this study demonstrates the applicability of this research approach in the context of evolving governance models with the potential for adaptation to other PAs across Portugal and other countries undergoing similar governance transitions.

Applying the Non-Adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability Framework Across Implementation Stages to Identify Key Strategies to Facilitate Clinical Decision Support System Integration Within a Large Metropolitan Health Service: Interview and Focus Group Study.

Computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) enhance patient care through real-time, evidence-based guidance for health care professionals. Despite this, the effective implementation of these systems for health services presents multifaceted challenges, leading to inappropriate use and abandonment over the course of time. Using the Non-Adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework, this qualitative study examined CDSS adoption in a metropolitan health service, identifying determinants across implementation stages to optimize CDSS integration into health care practice. This study aims to identify the theory-informed (NASSS) determinants, which included multiple CDSS interventions across a 2-year period, both at the health-service level and at the individual hospital setting, that either facilitate or hinder the application of CDSSs within a metropolitan health service. In addition, this study aimed to map these determinants onto specific stages of the implementation process, thereby developing a system-level understanding of CDSS application across implementation stages. Participants involved in various stages of the implementation process were recruited (N=30). Participants took part in interviews and focus groups. We used a hybrid inductive-deductive qualitative content analysis and a framework mapping approach to categorize findings into barriers, enablers, or neutral determinants aligned to NASSS framework domains. These determinants were also mapped to implementation stages using the Active Implementation Framework stages approach. Participants comprised clinical adopters (14/30, 47%), organizational champions (5/30, 16%), and those with roles in organizational clinical informatics (5/30, 16%). Most determinants were mapped to the organization level, technology, and adopter subdomains. However, the study findings also demonstrated a relative lack of long-term implementation planning. Consequently, determinants were not uniformly distributed across the stages of implementation, with 61.1% (77/126) identified in the exploration stage, 30.9% (39/126) in the full implementation stage, and 4.7% (6/126) in the installation stages. Stakeholders engaged in more preimplementation and full-scale implementation activities, with fewer cycles of monitoring and iteration activities identified. These findings addressed a substantial knowledge gap in the literature using systems thinking principles to identify the interdependent dynamics of CDSS implementation. A lack of sustained implementation strategies (ie, training and longer-term, adopter-level championing) weakened the sociotechnical network between developers and adopters, leading to communication barriers. More rigorous implementation planning, encompassing all 4 implementation stages, may, in a way, help in addressing the barriers identified and enhancing enablers.

Big data policy and urban tourism development: a catalyst or a hindrance?

ABSTRACT The advent of the digital era has prompted leading nations to devise strategic digital plans, seeking an edge in the escalating international rivalry. China’s Big Data policy has garnered significant attention as an exemplar of transitional economies. This research uses urban panel data from China to examine the impact of Big Data policy on urban tourism development. The results indicate that in its initial stages of implementation, Big Data policy appears to stifle urban tourism development. This can primarily be attributed to the biased interventions of the policy, which incited competition and resource predation from the ICT sector upon the tourism-related industries, engendering a crowding-out effect. However, this inhibitory influence is attenuated in cities with a stronger economic foundation, higher innovation capabilities, and more advanced service sectors. Our analysis offers pivotal insights and references for nations and regions fervently pursuing digital transformation via policy interventions.