Implementation Phase Research Articles

Determining the process components of impact assessment in health and social program implementation: A scoping review of theories, models and frameworks.

Health and social service research impact analysis play a pivotal role in demonstrating research value. Impact analysis of programs, interventions, or policies in real-world settings is complex. There are many implementation evaluation theories, models, and frameworks (TMF) and researchers find choosing one challenging. Our objective was to systematically scope TMFs, review and chart key components of the process of implementation impact analysis to identify gaps. A scoping review was undertaken and reported using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Systematic literature searches were conducted for impact analysis and impact assessment TMFs in MEDLINE, SCOPUS databases, hand searches, and expert directed search (2010-2024). Peer-reviewed articles were eligible for inclusion if they described an implementation evaluation TMF in English and used in the real world. Data extracted by the study team was charted in an Excel spreadsheet. The review identified 71 relevant papers which included a theory (n=6), model (n=14), or framework (n=51). Most considered resources and/or results, whereas only 25% considered implementation process components. Ten frameworks were deemed comprehensive and covered at least two phases of implementation and five components. Most frameworks had not developed or tested practical tools to facilitate use of the framework. No frameworks were identified that incorporated all phases of implementation, nor key components of the process in each phase of implementation research. The findings highlight the need to identify key components and develop a taxonomy, glossary and tools to assess the process components of implementation in real world settings.

Facilitators and barriers to implementing mental health apps among interdisciplinary staff in the Veterans Health Administration.

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) developed evidence-informed mental health mobile applications (MH apps) to supplement treatment and serve as self-care resources for veterans. However, lack of awareness and understanding of how to integrate MH apps into care pose barriers to uptake. The VA Mobile Mental Health Apps Project was conducted from 2019 to 2021 to train and support VA health care staff in integrating VA MH apps into practice using implementation facilitation. Interdisciplinary staff (N = 1,110) from 19 VA sites, led by local site champions, and supported by project Facilitators, participated. The training phase successfully equipped staff with key knowledge and skills for MH app integration (McGee-Vincent et al., 2023), but training is not sufficient for practice change (Schueller & Torous, 2020). The current article summarizes results from a mixed methods evaluation of the preimplementation planning and active implementation phases of the project. Survey data from 3-month posttraining (n = 362) and qualitative interview data (n = 27) assessed within the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (Damschroder et al., 2022b) were analyzed to highlight facilitators and barriers to implementation. Results showed positive perceptions, meaningful adoption, and expanded reach of MH apps for veterans by staff across VA. Given that the project was well-received and perceived to be sustainable, the adaptability of the innovation and implementation model, and the relatively limited number of perceived barriers, this project may serve as a model for other practice changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Pre-implementation of electronic patient-reported outcomes at reference centers for head and neck oncology : Aroadmap towards patient-centered digitalization

Electronically captured patient reports (electronic patient-reported outcomes, ePROs) are digital questionnaires filled out by cancer patients. Despite indications of improved clinical care, the integration of ePROs into clinical head and neck oncology is uncharted territory. This work outlines the implementation process for ePROs at the University Hospital for Otorhinolaryngology at the Medical University of Innsbruck (ENT Innsbruck). The implementation is carried out by aproject team in apre-implementation phase (needs assessment, implementation planning, identification of intra-hospital barriers, prototype development, testing and adaptation, and user training), an implementation phase (implementation and user training), and apost-implementation phase (quality control and project expansion). The project team at ENT Innsbruck, consisting of 10members, identified the need for digitalization in cancer follow-up. Ahybrid implementation solution (Computer-Based Health Evaluation System, CHES; Evaluation Software Development, ESD, Innsbruck, Austria) was chosen. ePROs (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - 30 items, EORTC-QLQ-C30; Head and Neck Functional Integrity Scale, HNC-FIT scale; and EORTC Head and Neck Cancer Module, EORTC H&N43) will be collected 12times over 5.5years. Atotal of 25users rated the prototype as user friendly (patient perspective: 8.1 ± 1.6, 3-10; user perspective: 8.6 ± 1.1, 6-10). The main advantage was faster medical history taking (72%), and the main disadvantages were alack of personnel, time, and motivation (52%). The feedback on the ePRO prototype at ENT Innsbruck was positive. The implementation phase commenced in the first quarter of 2024. Goal achievement will be evaluated in the post-implementation phase in the fourth quarter of 2024.

The establishment of blue-sky index: how to quantify the aerosol optical impacts on sky color

Abstract Color of the sky serves as a direct indicator of haze, while also exerting substantial influence on human physiological and psychological well-being, as well as the overall environmental scenery. However, quantifying color changes is quite challenging. This research develops a quantitative approach for evaluating the influence of atmospheric aerosol pollution on the appearance of the sky. We first calculated the influence of atmospheric aerosols on the sky’s diffuse radiation, which is the source of sky color. Then, we mapped the diffuse radiation onto a perceptually uniform color space to quantify alterations in sky color. The results reveal that the relationship between aerosol concentration and sky color change follows a logarithmic-like distribution: the higher the concentration, the weaker the change in sky color per unit increase in aerosol concentration. Consequently, during the early phases of air pollution control implementation, there may be minimal observable changes in the color of the sky. However, as these measures are further enforced, a discernible bluing effect on the sky will become evident. Based on the quantification of the change of sky color, a blue-sky index (BSI) was established. We find that concurrent with improvements in air quality resulting from emission reduction measures, the BSI has significantly decreased in recent years in China. This trend indicates an increase in the frequency of blue-sky occurrences.

CORRELATION BETWEEN PROJECT INITIATION AND PERFORMANCE OF SLUMS UPGRADING PROJECTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA: RESCUING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL ELEVEN FOR RESILIENT URBAN CITIES

Objective: This paper sought to assess the influence project initiation phase on performance of slums upgrading projects (PSUP) in various slums of Nairobi city County in Kenya following slum upgrading initiatives by government with aim of achieving first target of sustainable development goal eleven. Theoretical Framework: The study was anchored on empowerment theory that postulates that through coalitions at the community level, members are empowered to effectively collaborate for building of social capital that provides solutions to emerging issues. Method: The study was guided by pragmatism whereby both positivism and constructivism were adopted. Correlational research design and descriptive survey research designs were considered appropriate for the former supported inferential statistics while the latter was ideal for collecting quantitative and qualitative data concurrently. By relying on descriptive survey and correlational research designs, 208 study participants are surveyed out of a sample of 266 drawn the target population of 794. Qualitative data was presented in narrative form. Results and Discussion: The results reveal that even though activities within project conceptualization and setting up of project deliverables are still a challenge, project initiation is to a small extent properly executed due to inadequate stakeholder identification and insufficient community needs assessment process. From the regression analysis, project initiation showed a very strong positive linear and significant relationship with PSUP. The null hypothesis was rejected in favour of the alternate hypothesis and thus concluded that project initiation has a significant influence on PSUP. Research Implications: Stakeholders identification and community needs assessment were not largely achieved thus having a negative impact on project initiation phase and activities therein, there is need for a policy framework to guide the initiation process and ensure that project objectives or goals are people centred. In addition, the slum dwellers should be adequately involved in the initiation phase as this will help mitigate frictions and disagreements preceding project planning and execution phases, unnecessary delays and waste of resources. It is important for all the state agencies involved in slum upgrading in Kenya to adhere to critical needs of the project initiation phase for successful implementation of slum upgrading projects.

The design and implementation of Intelligent-Electricity Consumption and Billing Information System (IEBCIS)

The increasing demand for electricity and the need to reduce carbon emissions have made optimizing energy usage and promoting sustainability critical in the modern economy. This research paper explores the design and implementation of an Intelligent-Electricity Consumption and Billing Information System (IEBCIS), focusing on its role in addressing electricity sustainability challenges. Using the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, the system’s architecture collects, analyses, and visualizes electricity usage data, providing users with valuable insights into their consumption patterns. The research involved developing and validating the IEBCIS prototype, with results demonstrating enhanced real-time monitoring, load shedding schedules, and billing information. These results were validated through user testing and feedback, contributing to the scientific knowledge of intelligent energy management systems. The contributions of this research include the development of a framework for intelligent energy management and the integration of data-driven insights to optimize electricity consumption, reduce costs, and promote sustainable energy use. This research was conducted over a time scope of two years (24 months) and entails design, development, pilot test implementation and validation phases.

Treatment quality with and without an electronic cognitive aid for emergencies in anaesthesia (eGENA) : The DANGER pilot study part 2 in randomized controlled in-situ emergency simulations

The electronic cognitive aid for emergencies in anesthesia (eGENA) is an app that offers digital support in anesthesiological emergency situations as a cognitive aid tool via checklists for memory and making decisions. The eGENA was published by the German Society of Anesthesiology and has been implemented in the emergency management of the anesthesiological team of the clinic in Potsdam, Germany. The primary endpoint was to observe the influence of eGENA on the anesthesiological emergency management on the subjective feeling of assurance as well as on quality of treatment and, therefore, patient safety. All employees in the anesthesia department (nursing staff and physicians) took part in the initial implementation of eGENA. The implementation phase covered crew resource management (CRM) principles and eGENA use as well as 10case studies that were discussed with help from eGENA. Afterwards in arandomized controlled simulation study, realistic case studies were processed and evaluated. In this, 18cases were handled by 9groups with 4persons in each group. Treatment during these simulations was assessed using apredetermined 20-point evaluation form and 10resuscitation-related and 10case-related points were awarded. Significance tests were carried out using the Wilcoxon-test (significance levelp < 0.05) and two evaluations were completed by the attendees at the beginning and the end of the eGENA implementation process. Scenarios1 and2 showed comparable overall scores (14.9vs. 16.3points out of 20, not significant). Higher case-associated scores (7.6 vs.5.6out of 10, p = 0.03) and higher total scores were achieved with the help of eGENA (16.9 vs. 14.3 out of 20, p = 0.02). Resuscitation-associated scores did not differ significantly (9.3vs.8.8 of 10, p = 0.1). During eGENA use for cases the execution of the algorithm-based resuscitation measures was not delayed or accelerated. With eGENA, however, differential diagnoses were discussed significantly more frequently and expanded treatment and diagnostic measures were implemented. During simulation cases eGENA was mainly used by physicians. The initially very positive responses of the evaluations toned down over time. Planned eGENA use for self-study was less frequent (p = 0.006) and there was less approval of the quality of treatment by eGENA than in the first survey (p = 0.002). The cooperation between doctors and nurses in emergency treatment showed an improvement (p < 0.001). The questions about self-assessed safety in emergency treatment on ascale from 0to 10showed higher values in all categories at the second survey (except only circulatory emergencies and 'other' emergencies). The respondents were more likely to be involved in emergency treatment at the second time of the survey (p = 0.03) after a median of 20months. The sense of security and emergency involvement increased significantly over the observation period. The initial need to use eGENA in everyday life has diminished over time; however, these results cannot be causally associated with eGENA. The use of eGENA does not improve resuscitation efforts but does not delay them either. With the use of eGENA better case-associated results are achieved and advanced diagnostics and treatment are implemented more frequently in complex emergency situations. This increases the quality of treatment. Further studies should be carried out with alarger number of cases to confirm the shown effects.

Using HALO digital image analysis for automated detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen in ear-notch specimens.

Detecting calves that are persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is essential to disease prevention. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ear-notch samples is commonly used for surveillance detection of BVDV antigens. However, due to the low percentage of positive samples in most submissions, the current workflow often entails considerable time reviewing negative results. Herein we aimed to utilize digital pathology and whole-slide imaging, coupled with advanced image analysis software, to enhance the efficiency of positive IHC detection in surveillance. Despite some challenges encountered during the implementation phase, the benefits of the reduced potential for human error and significant time savings for technicians and pathologists are evident. The screening of 518 slides, containing 2,884 ear notches, reached 97.4% sensitivity and 89.4% specificity compared to the gold standard of direct human assessment. The time taken for the personnel to operate the software and organize results was significantly shorter than the time needed for technicians and pathologists to manually examine the slides. Future refinements in software integration, staining protocols, and QC measures promise to further optimize this approach.

Transforming dementia research into practice: a multiple case study of academic research utilization strategies in Dutch Alzheimer Centres.

Non-pharmacological dementia research products, such as social and behavioural interventions, are generated in traditional university settings. These often experience challenges to impact practices that they were developed for. The Netherlands established five specialized academic health science centres, referred to as Alzheimer Centres, to structurally coordinate and facilitate the utilization of dementia research knowledge. This study leverages implementation science to systematically explore the research utilization strategies used by academic researchers from each Alzheimer Centre, on the basis of the "knowledge-to-action" (KTA) framework that includes knowledge creation, adaptation, dissemination and implementation. Individual semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 29 respondents across the five Alzheimer Centres in the Netherlands. Participants were selected through purposive (snowball) sampling. Interviews were conducted in-person and virtually through Microsoft Teams, and all were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was guided by the dimensions of the KTA framework. There was a high variation in the strategies used across the five Alzheimer Centres to bring non-pharmacological dementia research into practice. Selected strategies in each Centre were influenced by the typology of research products produced and the Centres' organizational heritage. The knowledge creation and adaptation phases were mainly facilitated by funders' guidance towards research impact and research product co-creation with patients and implementing organizations. Dissemination and implementation phases were often facilitated through utilizing support from university-based technology transfer offices to facilitate implementation and valorization and establishing and strategically leveraging formal infrastructure, such as public-private partnerships and professional collaborative networks. Successful research utilization requires evolving researcher competencies to meet environmental demands and facilitating co-creation with research end-users and implementing partners. Understanding external determinants influencing research utilization in the Dutch dementia research ecosystem is crucial for capacity-building and aligning cross-sector agendas. The KTA framework appears to reveal the intricacies of research utilization, guiding future studies to explore strategies employed across various contexts.

The Impact of Parental Support on Adherence to Therapist-Assisted Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Primary Care for Adolescents With Anxiety: Naturalistic 12-Month Follow-Up Study.

Mental health problems among adolescents are increasing, and internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT) constitutes a possible way to improve access to care while reducing costs. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated iACT for adolescents in regular primary care nor the role of parental support. This is an exploratory evaluation investigating iACT, with or without parental support, for adolescents. The aims were to examine treatment adherence, symptoms of anxiety and depression, psychological flexibility, and overall functioning. Adolescents with anxiety were recruited within the regular primary care patient flow during the implementation phase of therapist-assisted iACT for adolescents. Assessment and inclusion were executed face-to-face. Due to organizational reasons, the assignment of treatment methods could not be randomized. Adherence was investigated by measuring the number of completed modules. Outcome measures were collected by self-assessment questionnaires including the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale and Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth, as well as interviews using the Children's Global Assessment Scale. The analysis was performed as an exploratory evaluation using descriptive data for treatment adherence and nonparametric within-group analysis with the Wilcoxon signed rank test for related samples and treatment outcomes. This evaluation is naturalistic, and the results are preliminary and of a hypothesis-generating character and should be handled with caution. The iACT group without parental support (n=9) exhibited a gradual dropout throughout the treatment period (n=5), whereas the iACT group with parental support (n=15) exhibited the lowest number of dropouts from treatment before completion (n=2), of which all occurred during the second half of treatment. The within-group, per-protocol analyses for the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale indicated reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression at the 12-month follow-up (z score: -2.94; P=.003; r=-0.6). The within-group, per-protocol analyses for the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth indicated increased psychological flexibility at the 12-month follow-up (z score: -2.54; P=.01; r=0.55). Nevertheless, no differences in overall functioning measured by the Children's Global Assessment Scale were found. The results indicate that parental support might play a role in treatment adherence in iACT for adolescents with anxiety. Moreover, the outcome measures suggest that iACT for adolescents in primary care could constitute an effective treatment for both anxiety and depression, as indicated by the symptom reduction and increased psychological flexibility, maintained at the 12-month follow-up. Nevertheless, due to a small and gender-biased sample size with a large proportion of dropouts and missing data, a nonrandomized assignment of intervention, and an analysis limited to within group, this study should be considered an explorative evaluation rather than an outcome study.

Study protocol for a hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial of Game Changers for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Uganda.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Uganda women, yet rates of CC screening are very low. Training women who have recently screened to engage in advocacy for screening among women in their social network is a network-based strategy for promoting information dissemination and CC screening uptake. Drawing on the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment (EPIS) framework for implementation science, this hybrid type 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a peer-led, group advocacy training intervention, Game Changers for Cervical Cancer Prevention (GC-CCP), will examine efficacy for increasing CC screening uptake as well as how it can be implemented and sustained in diverse clinic settings. In the Preparation phase we will prepare the four study clinics for implementation of GC-CCP and the expected increase in demand for CC screening, by using qualitative methods (stakeholder interviews and client focus groups) to identify and address structural barriers to easy access to CC screening. In the Implementation phase, GC-CCP will be implemented over 36 months at each clinic, with screened women (index participants) enrolled as research participants receiving the intervention in the first 6 months as part of a parallel group RCT overseen by the research study team to evaluate efficacy for CC screening uptake among their enrolled social network members. All research participants will be assessed at baseline and months 6 and 12. Intervention implementation and supervision will then be transitioned to clinic staff and offered as part of usual care in the subsequent 30 months as part of the Sustainability phase. Using the RE-AIM framework, we will evaluate engagement in GC-CCP and CC advocacy (reach), alter CC screening (effectiveness), adoption into clinic operations, implementation outcomes (acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, cost-effectiveness) and maintenance. This is one of the first studies to use a network-driven approach and empowerment of CC screened peers as change agents to increase CC screening. If shown to be an effective and sustainable implementation strategy for promoting CC screening, this peer advocacy model could be applied to other preventative health behaviors and disease contexts. NIH Clinical Trial Registry NCT06010160 (clinicaltrials.gov; date: 8/17/2023).

Employing survival analysis of administrative claims to identify prospective predictors of evidence-based practice sustainment versus provider turnover.

This study described therapists' delivery of six child mental health evidence-based practices (EBPs) over 33 months during the sustainment phase of a system-driven implementation aimed at improving access to EBPs in community settings. Seven hundred seventy-seven therapists and 162 program leaders delivering at least one of six EBPs of interest completed surveys, and these data were matched to therapist administrative claims data. Survival analyses examined (a) therapists' discontinuation of delivery of all Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health direct client services (i.e., turnover) and (b) therapists' discontinuation of a specific EBP while continuing to provide psychotherapy services. A majority of therapists (58.3%) were observed to discontinue providing any direct client services over the 33-month period, and discontinuation rates for specific EBPs ranged from 100% of therapists (Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools) to 76.4% (Managing and Adapting Practice). Different factors predicted the discontinuation of all service delivery compared to the discontinuation of a specific EBP. Greater therapist emotional exhaustion predicted higher likelihood of discontinuation of all direct client services. For EBP discontinuation, EBP-level factors (e.g., EBPs that required ongoing consultation), therapist-level factors (e.g., ability to provide services in a language other than English), and agency-level factors (e.g., more positive program leader perceptions of the EBP) predicted lower likelihood of discontinuation of the specific EBP. Different factors contribute to the risk of therapists leaving the service system versus discontinuing the delivery of specific EBPs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

CARABELA-COPD: a novel approach for the transformation and improvement of the healthcare process in COPD management in Spain

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious global health problem that is ranked third among the leading causes of death worldwide. However, underdiagnosis remains common, especially in Spain. The CARABELA-COPD initiative aims to address these issues by optimizing processes across the diverse healthcare settings in Spain.Material and methods: CARABELA-COPD employs lean methodology and fosters partnership between scientific societies, industry, clinicians, and managers to improve COPD care. The methodology consists of 4 phases: Phase 1 involved experts analyzing COPD care models and unmet needs; Phase 2, validation and priorization of improvement areas in 7 pilot hospitals, selecting healthcare quality indicators (QIs) in a national meeting; Phase 3, cocreation and refinement of results from a regional perspective; and Phase 4 is ongoing, disseminating the results and implementing them locally.Results: Initial phases of the initiative have defined a generic patient journey for COPD management from a multidisciplinary approach, identified 7 improvement areas for optimal COPD care, developed 4 care models tailored to different settings, and established QIs that have been validated in national and regional meetings.Discussion: CARABELA-COPD is a novel practical approach to COPD management in Spain that acts as catalyst for a system transformation to boost overall system efficiency and enhance patient outcomes. It provides a clear framework for improvement, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration and communication. The ongoing implementation phase will require flexibility and constant evaluation to further enhance COPD care, ultimately improving patient quality of life and healthcare effectiveness.

Efektivitas Robot AI Adaptif dalam Mendukung Pembelajaran Inklusif bagi Mahasiswa dengan Learning Disabilities di Universitas Darwan Ali

This study developed an adaptive AI robot as a learning aid for students with learning disabilities (LD) at Universitas Darwan Ali. The robot is equipped with text-to-speech, speech-to-text, voice and facial recognition features, and adaptive algorithms that adjust content delivery to match students' literacy levels. A research and development approach with agile methodology was employed, encompassing needs identification, design, testing, and implementation phases. Results indicate a 30% increase in academic comprehension and an 82% satisfaction rate among students. Additionally, the AI robot serves as a "learning companion" providing social-emotional support, which enhances learning motivation for LD students. Thus, this adaptive AI robot effectively supports inclusive education at Universitas Darwan Ali.

Android Educational Game for Pancasila and Civic Education Learning

In the digital era, traditional teaching methods often fail to engage students, especially in Pancasila and Civic Education. Lack of understanding of Pancasila values leads to declines in religious, humanitarian, and unity values among students, evidenced by frequent fights and bullying. To address this, an interactive Android-based game, "Cerdas Pancasila," was developed with quizzes and puzzles to enhance students' understanding of Pancasila values. Using the Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) method, the study included five phases: analysis, design, development, quality assurance, and implementation. The analysis phase identified the need for engaging educational media for students aged 9 to 12. The design phase outlined instructional goals, and the development phase used Android Studio with Kotlin and Java to create the game prototype, which was distributed as a .apk file in the implementation phase. Quality assurance involved alpha and beta testing, resulting in a 90.2% acceptance rate, with 17 out of 18 students stating the game increased their knowledge about Pancasila.

DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS ON BUFFER SOLUTION MATERIAL BASED ON HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS)

The goal of this study is to construct a valid and reliable HOTS-based cognitive assessment tool. The HOTS-based assessment instrument was used to measure students' higher order thinking skills on the buffer solution material. The stages of this research were the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases of the ADDIE model. The research subjects were students of class XI MIPA 4 at Senior High School 5 Bengkulu City during the 2021–2022 academic year. The research data came from expert validation sheets, needs analysis questionnaires, empirical test analysis, and examination of students' HOTS skills. The 20 multiple-choice questions and 10 essay questions made up the instrumen's features. The following are the outcomes: (1) The expert's assessment of the practicality of the material led to the creation of 26 valid questions, including 18 multiple-choice questions and 8 essays. (2) The empirical validity study produced 23 valid items, including 6 essay questions and 17 multiple-choice questions. (3) The reliability analysis results for both essays and multiple choice questions fell into the very good category, with scores of 0.94 and 0.98. (4) The findings of the examination of students' higher-order thinking skills revealed that 1 student was in the very good category, 5 students were in the good category, 5 students were in the fairly good category, 22 students were in the poor category, and 1 student was in the very poor category.

Impacts of Solar Geoengineering on Projected Climate of South Asia

ABSTRACTSolar geoengineering (SG) is an interim solution to combat global warming, which involves scattering back a tiny fraction of the incoming sunlight. Hence, SG and its potential impacts are important to study for the identification of changing weather patterns over regions of climate vulnerable South Asia. This study explores the projected spatio‐temporal patterns of two meteorological parameters, temperature and precipitation, under SG numerical experiment (stratospheric aerosol injection), relative to projected climate change. Furthermore, future projections of same meteorological parameters without SG under a representative concentration pathway (RCP 4.5) will also be studied for comparative analysis. Offsetting climate parameters are associated with multiple risk factors. Thus, both SG and non‐SG scenarios will be studied for the future time period. The results indicate that the temperature reduces by −0.62°C under the SG G4 scenario and spatial distribution patterns of temperature also depicts an overall cooling effects during the G4 implementation (2020–2029) and continuation (2030–2069) phase. Moreover, on a regional scale, a cold bias (less severe) is projected as compared to projected climate under RCP 4.5. Our findings show that, precipitation is also projected to be decreased by −0.02 mm day−1. Dry bias pattern is projected during implementation phase only. The G4 based SG continuation and termination (2070–2090) phases depict no drastic change in precipitation over South Asia.

Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Project-Based Learning (PjBL) untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Akidah Akhlak pada Siswa Kelas V di SDN 77/I Penerokan, Bajubang, Batang Hari

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing the Project-Based Learning (PJBL) model in enhancing students’ understanding of the Akidah Akhlak subject at SDN 77/I Penerokan, Bajubang District, Batang Hari Regency. The PJBL method was applied over one month in November 2024, involving students in real-world application-based projects, such as creating posters on ethical values, group discussions, and presentations. The results show that the PJBL method significantly improved students’ learning outcomes, with the average score rising from 65 to 80. The percentage of students meeting the Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM) of 75 increased from 28% to 84%, while the percentage of students not meeting the KKM decreased from 72% to 16%. Additionally, student participation in the learning process increased from 35% to 85%, demonstrating that PJBL effectively boosted student motivation and active engagement. PJBL also positively impacted the development of 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, collaboration, and effective communication. These findings support Thomas (2000), who stated that PJBL enhances student engagement through practical and applicable learning approaches, and Hmelo-Silver (2004) in (Indah et al., 2024), who confirmed that PJBL effectively improves students’ abilities to solve complex problems and work collaboratively in groups. However, the study noted several challenges, including difficulties in task distribution during the initial implementation phase and time management issues. These obstacles were addressed through additional teacher guidance, schedule adjustments, and more structured task allocation. Overall, the results of this study indicate that PJBL is an innovative and effective teaching method for improving students’ understanding of Akidah Akhlak material while simultaneously developing non-academic skills. With its real-world project-based approach, PJBL creates more practical, meaningful learning experiences and motivates students to engage in active learning. The study recommends implementing PJBL in other subjects at the elementary level to improve overall teaching quality. Additionally, intensive training and continuous evaluation are needed to enable teachers to design and execute PJBL optimally. With further development, PJBL can serve as a solution to enhance the quality of education at the elementary level, particularly in value-based learning such as Akidah Akhlak.

Development of Digital Comic Media Based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Pancasila Education for Fourth Grade Students at Elementary Schools

The rapid advancement of technology, particularly within the framework of the industrial revolution 4.0, necessitates the integration of technology into the educational sector to enhance learning processes. This study focuses on developing a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) based digital comic medium for teaching Pancasila Education elements in fourth-grade elementary school students. Utilizing the ADDIE development model, this research encompasses analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. Validation tests with material, linguistic, and media experts indicated high validity, while practicality tests with teachers and students demonstrated strong practicality. Effectiveness tests revealed significant improvements in student engagement and learning outcomes. The results suggest that the digital comic medium is a viable, practical, and effective educational tool that enhances student comprehension and character development.

From Today’s Code to Tomorrow’s Symphony: The AI Transformation of Developer’s Routine by 2030

In the rapidly evolving landscape of software engineering, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the Software Development Life-Cycle (SDLC) heralds a transformative era for developers. Recently, we have assisted to a pivotal shift towards AI-assisted programming, exemplified by tools like GitHub Copilot and OpenAI’s ChatGPT, which have become a crucial element for coding, debugging, and software design. In this paper we provide a comparative analysis between the current state of AI-assisted programming in 2024 and our projections for 2030, by exploring how AI advancements are set to enhance the implementation phase, fundamentally altering developers’ roles from manual coders to orchestrators of AI-driven development ecosystems. We envision HyperAssistant , an augmented AI tool that offers comprehensive support to 2030 developers, addressing current limitations in mental health support, fault detection, code optimization, team interaction, and skill development. We emphasize AI as a complementary force, augmenting developers’ capabilities rather than replacing them, leading to the creation of sophisticated, reliable, and secure software solutions. Our vision seeks to anticipate the evolution of programming practices, challenges, and future directions, shaping a new paradigm where developers and AI collaborate more closely, promising a significant leap in SE efficiency, security and creativity.