Implementation Of Urban Planning Research Articles

Spatiotemporal simulation of blue-green space pattern evolution and carbon storage under different SSP-RCP scenarios in Wuhan

Rapid socioeconomic growth has altered land use patterns, resulting in a surge in worldwide CO2 emissions, triggering global climate challenges and adversely affecting human health, safety, and sustainable socioeconomic development. As a result, immediate action is required to undertake climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. This study, based on the causal logic of climate change, blue-green space patterns, and carbon emissions, uses the system dynamics (SD) model, patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, and integrated valuation of ecosystem service and trade-offs (InVEST) models to simulate the evolution of blue-green space patterns and predict the spatial distribution of carbon storage in Wuhan to 2060 from 2030 under three SSP-RCP scenarios from CMIP6 and investigates their mechanisms. The findings show that across various SSP-RCP scenarios, the blue-green space patterns in Wuhan would decline over the next 30 years, with green spaces decreasing to some amount and blue spaces growing marginally. The carbon storage is also expected to decline due to the shrinking blue-green space patterns. The SSP126 scenario has the least shrinkage of blue-green spaces, resulting in a reduction of 7.18Tg in carbon storage. Under the SSP245 scenario, the expansion of non-blue-green spaces encroaches on blue-green spaces, resulting in an 8.13 Tg decrease in carbon storage. Across the SSP585 scenario, non-blue-green spaces expand the fastest, resulting in the highest loss of blue-green spaces and a considerable drop in carbon storage of 11.67 Tg. This research is extremely important for optimizing regional land use patterns, coordinating green and high-quality development in Wuhan, and assisting with the implementation of urban climate change adaptation plans.

Pragmatic strategies for enhancing the implementation of urban and spatial planning: A case study of Jinan, Shandong, China

Efficient implementation of urban and spatial planning is essential for achieving sustainable urban growth. Nevertheless, various obstacles frequently arise, resulting in inconsistencies between planned objectives and their actual outcomes. This study focuses on pragmatic strategies to improve the implementation of urban and spatial planning, with Jinan, Shandong province, China, as a case study. By thoroughly analyzing existing challenges and prospective enhancements, the study aims to offer practical insights for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of planning initiatives in the city. Utilizing a combination of qualitative interviews, focus groups, and quantitative surveys, the study identifies significant barriers to implementation and explores viable solutions. By examining the experiences and viewpoints of diverse stakeholders involved in the planning process, the study offers targeted, practical recommendations tailored to Jinan’s unique context. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced in urban planning implementation and offer valuable guidance for policymakers, planners, and practitioners striving to improve planning practices in Jinan and other regions.

Evaluating the Potential of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) and Solar Energy in Urban Built Environments with Aerial Photogrammetry Dataset

Abstract. The process of urbanisation has a significant impact on climate change, with projections indicating that over 70% of the global population will live in cities by 2050. The challenges associated with climate change impacts on urban areas include urban heat islands, unsustainable water management, floods and air pollution. This study explores the potential of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) and renewable energy in Torino, Italy, with a particular focus on the exploitation of rooftops for solar panels and green roofs. The data from 159 buildings in San Salvario was collected using aerial photogrammetry. The solar potential was analysed with ArcGIS, taking into account both geographic and building-specific factors. Buildings that were unsuitable for solar panels were identified for green roofs. This research supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), 13 (Climate Action), and 15 (Life on Land). The annual solar potential was estimated at 100,300 kWh, with 2,450 m2 of suitable roof area for green roofs. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using rooftops to increase urban sustainability, thereby enhancing the quality of life for residents. The integration of NBS and solar energy can facilitate the creation of more sustainable and resilient urban environments. The study recommends the implementation of spatial-enabled urban planning as a means of overcoming barriers and promoting the development of green, energy-efficient communities.

Planning, Discretion, and Judicial Intervention: Recent Discussions and Institutional Changes in the UK and Role of Court on Planning

In many jurisdictions, the planning authority has considerable discretion at all stages of the interpretation, implementation, and application of urban planning. The courts or judiciaries of many countries take a deferential view of administrative agencies’planning judgments or decisions for reasons such as a lack of expertise in policy judgments on urban planning. However, planning is not free from judicial or statutory review from the perspective of the rule of law, and it is necessary to secure the legitimacy of urban planning and related administrative actions or decisions. Nevertheless, it is not easy to consider the extent to which the courts or judiciary can intervene in urban planning and policy-related issues and what institutional processes can be conceived for that. The relatively recent trends in the UK in the 2010s can be referred to for these issues. First, in terms of the substantial aspect, the UK Supreme Courtin its 2012 Tesco v Dundee ruling ruled that the interpretation of urban planning should be conducted from an objective perspective, considering the appropriate context, and explicitly declared that the interpretation of urban planning or planning policies was also a matter of law. Considering the characteristics of the UK planning law system, which is often represented by discretionary planning permission and the nationalization of development rights, this change in the court’s position has had a considerable impact on the trend of appeals against planning decisions and has prompted subsequent discussions on the scope and legal principles of court intervention in urban planning. Second, in terms of the procedural aspect, the UK introduced the Planning Court under the High Court in 2014, which has shortened the hearing timetable for important planning cases and has specialized planning judges hear them. This attempt is evaluated positively to some extent. Such discussions have not yet been fully introduced outside of the UK, not only in Korea but also in other countries. Hence, this study critically examines these discussions in the UKand derives implications that can be referenced from our perspective and system.

Transformation Directions for Strategic Planning in Major Russian Cities

Major Russian cities, as objects of strategic planning, deserve special attention due to their positioning as centers of economic growth with significant potential for addressing the region’s vital issues. However, the approval of strategies for major cities, like other municipalities, falls within the competence of local self-government. The powers and functions of local self-government, as well as its resource base, are legislatively delineated and do not align with the complex system of a municipal megacity, encompassing economic, social, territorial, public, managerial, and administrative components. These outlined contradictions, along with organizational and legal shortcomings, can affect the comprehensiveness of applying strategic planning in the development and implementation of long-term urban development plans. Strategic planning in public administration is in a developmental phase; however, uncertainty regarding a systemic goal-setting document, insufficient methodological support, lack of coordinated activities among strategic planning participants, and adaptation to global challenges prevent the full utilization of its potential for managing economic development both at the national level and in individual regions and municipalities. Therefore, tools and methods for improving the practice of strategic planning in light of contemporary realities are necessary, along with the transformation of strategic management mechanisms in major cities aimed at eliminating the discrepancies between the competencies, powers, and resources of local self-government and the scale of strategic tasks to be addressed in a major city.

Quantifying heterogeneous impacts of 2D/3D built environment on carbon emissions across urban functional zones: A case study in Beijing, China

Rapid urbanization has led to a significant increase in carbon emissions (CES), adversely affecting the urban ecological environment. As fundamental units in urban planning and management, urban functional zones (UFZs) exhibit similar energy consumption patterns. Previous studies on urban CES have often focused on large-scale regions, lacking research on CES differentials at the scale of UFZs. This study, using Beijing as a case study, employed multi-source geospatial data to estimate CES and analyze influencing factors at the UFZ scale. First, a multi-scale semantic segmentation network was constructed to produce UFZ map using high-resolution remote sensing images and OpenStreetMap road data. Second, a top-down approach was employed, incorporating nighttime light data to calculate the UFZ-scale CES to analyze differences in CES among various UFZs. Finally, factors influencing urban CES, including socioeconomic factors and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) urban built environment, were analyzed using Pearson analysis and GeoDetector analysis. Results indicate that: 1) Among the 2813 UFZs in Beijing, the majority belong to residential zones (34.23 %), followed by institutional zones (20.33 %); 2) The total CES in study area amount to 4.07 × 107 tons. Commercial zones contribute significantly higher CES than other UFZs, followed by residential zones. 3) For different types of UFZs, the impact of various factors on CES differs significantly. Population density, the highest building height, base area, and average building volume are the main correlation factors. Spatial analysis of CES at the UFZ scale contributes to the management of low-carbon cities, energy allocation, and optimization of urban planning implementation.

Research on the Evaluation System of Community Daycare Center Planning and Implementation from the Perspective of Subject-Object Relationships

Through literature review, we found that evaluations of urban planning implementation often focus narrowly on either the subject (stakeholders) or the object (projects), while micro-level aspects such as site selection and construction are primarily considered within the context of planning implementation. There is insufficient research on the evaluation of implementation. Community daycare centers play a crucial role in the community home care model, yet there is relatively little research on their usage efficiency, satisfaction levels, and spatial evaluation of planning implementation. Based on the theoretical understanding of the human environment, including the subject, object, and their interactions, an evaluation system for the planning and implementation of community day care centers was constructed, incorporating subjective evaluation, objective evaluation, and comparative analysis.

Environmental and Economic Clustering of Indonesian Provinces: Insights from K-Means Analysis

Indonesia's archipelago presents a distinctive opportunity for targeted sustainable development due to its complex interplay of economic advancement and environmental challenges. To better understand this dynamic and identify potential areas for focused intervention, this study applied K-means clustering to 2022 data on the Air Quality Index (AQI), electricity consumption, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The analysis aimed to delineate the provinces into three distinct clusters, providing a clearer picture of the varying levels of economic development and environmental impact across the nation's diverse islands. Each cluster reflects specific environmental and economic dynamics, suggesting tailored policy interventions. The results show that for provinces in Cluster 1, which exhibit moderate environmental quality and lower economic activity, the introduction of sustainable agricultural enhancements, eco-tourism, and renewable energy initiatives is recommended. Cluster 2, marked by higher economic outputs and moderate environmental conditions, would benefit from the implementation of smart urban planning, stricter environmental controls, and the adoption of clean technologies. Finally, Cluster 3, which includes highly urbanized areas with robust economic growth, requires expanded green infrastructure, improved sustainable urban practices, and enhanced public transportation systems. These recommendations aim to foster balanced economic growth while preserving environmental integrity across Indonesia’s diverse landscapes.

Residential exposure to environmental nuisances in Cameroon

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of perceived residential exposure to environmental nuisances in Cameroon. The ordered logit model specified in our empirical analysis is estimated using data from the Fourth Cameroon Household Survey. Our findings suggest that perceived residential exposure to environmental nuisance is inversely related to home ownership and having a fence around home. Conversely, it is related to both internal household factors such as the use of kerosene for cooking and external factors such as the pavement of the road leading to housing and the proximity to transport infrastructure. For example, the use of kerosene for cooking is associated with a 0.025 point increase in the probability of being occasionally bothered by odor nuisance and a 0.036 point decrease in the probability of never being annoyed by odor nuisance. Similarly, the pavement of the road leading to housing and proximity to transport infrastructure are associated with a respective 0.121 and 0.170 points increase in the probability of being frequently bothered by noise pollution. Various relevant policy recommendations were proposed among which, the implementation of effective urban planning and transport systems to accompany urban expansion as well as the subsidies to ease access to improved stoves.

Digital workflow for nearly zero-energy high-rise office building design optimization at the district scale in Mediterranean context

While the implementation of sustainable urban planning has proven to be one of the primary goals to reduce the climate change impact, the rapid adoption of nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) concept in the building sector is inevitable to reach that objective. Following this trend, this article focuses on the implementation of a parametric digital workflow to evaluate the energy performance of a nearly zero energy high-rise 23-storey office building in the climatic and urban contexts of Casablanca at the early design stage.In the scope of this study, Grasshopper-based digital workflow permits to investigate the impact of 147 parametric building designs, which are generated by varying the building's shape factor and orientation on thermal cooling and heating demand and global solar energy production. The outcomes of this holistic methodology highlight the design trade-offs between energy efficiency strategies and energy performance of building-integrated photovoltaic (bipv) and photovoltaic (pv) systems, aiming to reach optimized nZEB. Moreover, the results of the study suggest that it is possible to reach an annual load match equivalent to 29.68 %. The findings also underscore the significant role of the BIPV systems in shifting towards the goal of net zero energy, accounting for up to 64.43 % of the total solar energy output and contributing in total up to 17.62 % to the yearly self-sufficiency. In addition, the energy balance evaluation, when assessed on an hourly basis, reveals that the BIPV system significantly improves the daily load cover factor, achieving a value of 12.45 %, and increases up to 20.62 % when considering also the rooftop PV, particularly during spring season. Finally, the capacity credit factor is improved by up to 31.27 %, which is a significant share of grid connection reduction compared to the same building relying totally on the grid for its energy needs.

Banal Socialism: The Role of Ideology in Late Soviet Era Urban Reconstruction—The Case of Vilnius

The paper delves into the role of communist ideology in urban planning during the late Soviet era (1960s-1980s). It claims that the implementation of new urban plans, which aimed at the radical reconstruction of pre-war populated areas, was deeply rooted in socialist ideological stances. However, chronic housing shortages made the associated demolitions problematic and undesirable. By addressing this conflicting situation, the concept of “banal socialism” was introduced. The concept asserts that the decreasing prominence of overt ideology in the reconstruction of historic cities does not imply a weakening of its influence or the rationalization of the planning system. Instead, it suggests that Soviet ideology underwent a process of banalization, a transformation that involved the ideology adopting routinized, mundane, almost invisible form. By examining the case of Vilnius, the paper argues that this process not only significantly influenced late Soviet era urban planning but also played an important role in shaping a distinctive socialist landscape.

Effects of multilevel governance on the design and implementation of sustainable mobility plans

Objectives: The polycentric nature of multilevel governance structures with multiple actors interacting at different levels can facilitate sustainability transitions. This study aims to explore the impact of multilevel governance on the design and implementation of sustainable urban mobility plans within the two-tiered government structure of Sweden. Methodology: The study is based on qualitative review of the academic literature, secondary sources including review of national policy documents and empirical insights drawn from the case study of Umeå, a medium-sized Swedish city which takes part in several national, local, and transnational initiatives to accelerate sustainability transitions. The empirical data is collected through semi-structured interviews with policy experts, policymakers, transport, and urban planners who are responsible for formulation and implementation of transport policies within national and local institutions. Results: The multilevel governance of transport and sustainable urban mobility policies in Sweden produces several positive effects for design and implementation of policies. These include clear division of responsibilities among public authorities at national, regional, and local government level which helps to overcome the problems such as lack of accountability and responsibility. Conclusions: Multilevel governance of sustainable urban mobility policies in Sweden enables local authorities to have access additional resources and knowledge exchange through networks consisting of various public and private actors.

Youth-centred participatory action approach towards co-created implementation of socially and physically activating environmental interventions in Africa and Europe: the YoPA project study protocol

IntroductionThe majority of adolescents do not meet guidelines for healthy behaviours, posing major risks for developing multiple non-communicable diseases. Unhealthy lifestyles seem more prevalent in urban than rural areas, with...

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПОДХОДОВ К ПРОЦЕССУ ГЕНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ГОРОДОВ: ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СМЫСЛА ИЛИ СМЕНА НАЗВАНИЯ

In the Russian Federation, «general plans» are commonly used as territorial planning tools developed to regulate the prospective development of cities. They determine the functional distribution of territorial resources for the purposes of building formation and the establishment of its permissible parameters. However, «general plans» are being increasingly criticized, primarily due to their simplified and standard approach to forecasting the city’s future development, which fails to consider the real long-term socio-economic and technological trends, managerial aspects and changing needs of citizens. This requires a constant alteration of documents designed to last for at least 20 years. The territorial planning system needs a significant transformation. However, questions arise as to whether to keep the usual «general plans» or replace them with master plans that go beyond the urban planning approach, and combine strategic and project forms of long-term planning. Will the replacement of documents help the implementation of urban development plans? Or is the form of the document not so important, provided that proactive proposals are actively taken into account, policies based on long-term forecasting are applied, and digital and other modern tools are used? The article discusses approaches to updating the territorial planning system, the specifics of the formation and conditions for the development of master plans, and the assessment of their success in achieving their goals.

An Advanced Driver Information System at Critical Points in the Multimodal Traffic Network

Enhancing traffic safety is one of the fundamental objectives of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), and it aligns closely with the principles of sustainable transport. Due to specific differences in infrastructure, vehicles, and users’ behavior, places where different modes of traffic intersect are recognized as critical points of the traffic system, making them crucial areas for the implementation of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs). The SUMPs aim to create urban mobility that is both environmentally friendly and safe for all users. The continuous development and widespread adoption of innovative ITS technologies have paved the way for a system that can provide drivers with real-time information about both immediate and potential dangers at these critical points. This paper presents a comprehensive review of prior research conducted in the field, investigating the impact of information systems on drivers’ behavior, various detection and communication solutions that can be effectively integrated into such a system, and a brief overview of the models and solutions that have been developed to warn drivers in a similar context. A review of the literature found that warning systems have a significant impact on driver behavior, which contributes to increased traffic safety. Furthermore, there are numerous solutions applicable to a multimodal environment. Yet, they mostly refer either to autonomous vehicles or require an additional unit of infrastructure for communication, which is not realistically applicable to the current state of traffic in most countries of the world. This paper proposes a system architecture framework for future research that would take advantage of widely available technologies and make the system accessible to different users in a multimodal environment.

Evaluating urban land-use demarcation and implementation for various urban functions using GIS and survey-based data: The case of Abuja City, Nigeria

Urban planning implementation is a crucial process of urban planning to improve, attain, and maintain urban sustainability globally. However, the implementation process for land use demarcated for various urban functions is being confronted by various challenges in the Global South. This study aims to integrate questionnaire surveys of urban and regional planning experts and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in order to investigate the level of urban planning implementation of land use demarcated for various urban functions to support strategic actions for urban sustainability. Using Abuja, Nigeria, as a case study, an urban plan, urban impervious surface map, and questionnaire data were collected, and an integrated method analysis, including qualitative and quantitative (descriptive, Euclidean Distance Modelling, and Linear Regression Modelling) was deployed. Key findings show that the vast majority of experts in urban and regional planning perceive the implementation of all land use for various urban functions to be between moderate and very high levels, except that of industrial land use perceived to be between moderate and low levels. GIS findings show that, while land uses demarcated for transportation, commercial, educational, and institutional functions are positively and significantly associated with the urban impervious surface, industrial land use and urban green spaces are negatively associated. Findings show that abuse of official privileges by distorting master plans, political interference, compromise by public servants, and inadequate funding are key challenges for urban planning implementation on land use demarcated for various urban functions. The findings in this study are crucial for strategic decision makers in urban planning to improve the implementation process for various urban land-use functions and urban sustainability in the Global South, in general, and in sub-Saharan Africa, in particular.

Changes in the Urban Hydrological Cycle of the Future Using Low-Impact Development Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Scenarios

Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios have been used for various studies in the field of climate change. In this regard, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenario has been newly introduced to examine climate change impacts, but relevant research is still insufficient. For this reason, new SSP scenarios with a combination of Low-Impact Development (LID) techniques are applied to predict rainfall-runoff efficiency and hydrological variation. The inter-model variability in the monthly average precipitation for each GCM according to new SSP scenarios under future climate was investigated. Based on the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, the results show precipitation changes with an increase of 4.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Furthermore, precipitation projections under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios are predicted to increase by 13.9% and 20.6%, respectively, indicating that the magnitude of precipitation increases with new climate change scenarios. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) during the future period indicated that LID applications will reduce runoff compared with scenarios with no LID application. In particular, the introduction of permeable pavement and infiltration trenches revealed the best runoff reduction performance among the combinations of LID techniques considered. In addition, this study projected changes in the urban hydrological cycle for the climate over the next 30 years to reflect the implementation of urban hydrological cycle plans, which take approximately 10 years. Overall, it was found that, in the future, LID applications will contribute to improving the sustainability of the urban hydrological cycle of the study area. The results of our study can provide future directions for water management strategies in Korea.

CADASTRAL SYSTEMS AND LAND STRUCTURE IN URBAN PLANNING: OPTIMIZATION OF LAND USE AND URBAN PLANNING

The article is devoted to the study of the role of cadastral systems and land management in urban planning. The authors consider ways to optimize land use and urban planning based on the integration of modern cadastral tools. Potential advantages and opportunities provided by cadastral systems for effective management of urban territories, ensuring their sustainable development and taking into account ecological, economic and social aspects are analyzed. The article examines the relationship between cadastral systems and land management in the context of urban planning. The main attention is paid to the optimization of land use and urban planning with the help of modern cadastral technologies. Key principles by which cadastral information can contribute to a more rational and efficient distribution and use of land resources in urban conditions are considered. In addition, the article discusses the importance of cadastral systems in the formation of urban planning strategies and plans for the development of settlements. Formation of land relations, peculiarities of urban development. The theoretical foundations were studied and made it possible to develop an integrated environment for urban land use. This environment combines methods and models of observation, processing and use of geodata, implementation of urban planning documents, assessment of the dynamics of urban objects, identification of inconsistencies, their detection and correction, as well as methods of monitoring the development of urban territories, taking into account their economic, social and legal context. The relevance of the application of geoinformation systems is noted in connection with the complexity of urban planning documentation, a large volume of data and problems of management and distribution of urban land resources. Such systems are considered as a comprehensive solution aimed at optimizing decision-making processes in urban planning and land use. The article focuses on the need to integrate modern technologies into the urban planning process to achieve sustainable development of cities and harmonious interaction between man and the environment.

Analysis of Land Use/Cover Changes and Driving Forces in a Typical Subtropical Region of South Africa

Land use/cover change (LULCC) is an integral part of global environmental change and is influenced by both natural and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to comprehensively analyze land use and land cover (LULC) in Kwazulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces in eastern South Africa from 1995 to 2020 and to identify the driving force behind LULCC. Utilizing Landsat series satellite imagery as a data source and based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and eCognition software 9.0, two different classification methods, pixel-based classification and object-oriented classification, were adopted to gather LULC data every five years. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the data were then analyzed. Using an optimal parameter-based geodetector (OPGD), this study explored the driving factors of LULCC in this region. The results show the following: (1) Of the two classification methods examined, the object-oriented classification had higher accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 80–90%. The pixel-based classification had lower accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 62.33–72.14%. (2) From 1995 to 2020, the area of farmland in the study area showed a fluctuating increase, while the areas of forest and grassland declined annually. The area of constructed land increased annually, whereas the areas of water and unused land fluctuated over time. (3) Socioeconomic factors generally had greater explanatory power than natural factors, with population growth and economic development being the main drivers of LULCC in the region. This study provides a reliable scientific basis for the formulation of sustainable land resource development strategies in the area, as well as for the management and implementation of urban and rural planning, ecological protection, and environmental governance by relevant departments.

Planning nature-based solutions for water management and circularity in Ljubljana, Slovenia: Examining how urban practitioners navigate barriers and perceive institutional readiness

Nature-based Solutions (NBS) and the circular economy offer new opportunities for water management and water circularity in cities. In the process towards circular water NBS planning and implementation, urban practitioners such as urban planners and environmental/water engineers operate as facilitators and change agents due to their technical expertise. Moreover, from their professional standpoint, they can navigate barriers and influence key actors of institutional readiness of cities to uptake NBS. This study aims (i) to explore the barriers that urban professionals face towards the widespread mainstreaming and implementation of NBS for water management and circularity in Ljubljana, and (ii) to understand the perceived institutional readiness for planning NBS for water management and circularity in the city. Through 14 semi-structured expert interviews, and following a content discourse analysis, three overarching topics emerged: urban planning, urban design, and NBS implementation. The findings reveal the institutional readiness of Ljubljana to adopt and upscale solutions like NBS, although barriers still persist: misalignment of strategic goals, institutional fragmentation, lack of supportive policy and legal frameworks (procurement rules, urban design laws), and limited citizen involvement. New approaches and skilled knowledge brokers are required in order to change the narrative of water being perceived as a problem, and to mainstream NBS for water circularity across the city in the future.