Traditional Implementation Research Articles

Ponte: Represent Totally Binary Neural Network Toward Efficiency

In the quest for computational efficiency, binary neural networks (BNNs) have emerged as a promising paradigm, offering significant reductions in memory footprint and computational latency. In traditional BNN implementation, the first and last layers are typically full-precision, which causes higher logic usage in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation. To solve these issues, we introduce a novel approach named Ponte (Represent Totally Binary Neural Network Toward Efficiency) that extends the binarization process to the first and last layers of BNNs. We challenge the convention by proposing a fully binary layer replacement that mitigates the computational overhead without compromising accuracy. Our method leverages a unique encoding technique, Ponte::encoding, and a channel duplication strategy, Ponte::dispatch, and Ponte::sharing, to address the non-linearity and capacity constraints posed by binary layers. Surprisingly, all of them are back-propagation-supported, which allows our work to be implemented in the last layer through extensive experimentation on benchmark datasets, including CIFAR-10 and ImageNet. We demonstrate that Ponte not only preserves the integrity of input data but also enhances the representational capacity of BNNs. The proposed architecture achieves comparable, if not superior, performance metrics while significantly reducing the computational demands, thereby marking a step forward in the practical deployment of BNNs in resource-constrained environments.

Learning from Two Early Brownfield Redevelopment Projects in Italy: Soil Desealing, Cooling Effects, and Implementation of Nature-Based Solutions Through Traditional Planning Tools

Consideration of the future fate of brownfields in urban environments has driven a complex ‘season’ of decisions, planning, and implementation that has seen the emergence of different approaches and actions for their reuse. Among the various experiences of brownfield redevelopment, some projects have also promoted the partial renaturalisation of areas through soil desealing and demolition of existing buildings. These greening initiatives have provided new public facilities, e.g., parks and green areas, helping to improve the conditions of urban environments both from ecological and social perspectives. This article adopts ex ante and ex post methods to analyse two Italian case studies of brownfield regeneration involving desealing interventions and investigates two key aspects: (i) the planning process and tools that were put in place to implement the projects and (ii) the impacts for human wellbeing that were produced in terms of cooling effects. The analyses conducted show the real effectiveness of renaturation interventions especially related to reforestation measures in terms of temperature reduction. The examination of the two case studies also revealed the importance and potential success of traditional planning and implementation tools in promoting interventions that can now be considered innovative in terms of their actual contribution to current urban challenges. The results therefore allow us to emphasize the fundamental importance of the philosophy and basic principles of a transformation process, even guided by traditional planning tools, for the improvement of the environmental conditions of an urban context and the successful implementation of nature-based solutions.

Аналіз міжнародного досвіду під час впровадження контрактів «Design-Build» та «Design-Build-Operate»

Introduction. The article examines the international experience of implementing large infrastructure projects in various countries using the “Design-Build” and “Design-Build-Operate” methods. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches and explores the possibility of applying them in infrastructure projects in Ukraine. Problem Statement. The shortcomings of the traditional project implementation method involve sequential completion of design and construction phases, time spent on organizing tenders for each stage, coordinating various contractors, and the distribution of responsibilities between the designer and the builder. Additional time costs may also arise if changes need to be made to the project documentation during construction. Objective. To analyze international experience in implementing infrastructure projects using “Design-Build” and “Design-Build-Operate” contracts. The goal is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of these contracts and determine their potential as an alternative to the traditional method for possible implementation in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The research is based on analyzing international experiences with

Effect Handlers for C via Coroutines

Effect handlers provide a structured means for implementing user-defined, composable, and customisable computational effects, ranging from exceptions to generators to lightweight threads. We introduce libseff, a novel effect handlers library for C, based on coroutines. Whereas prior effect handler libraries for C are intended primarily as compilation targets, libseff is intended to be used directly from C programs. As such, the design of libseff parts ways from traditional effect handler implementations, both by using mutable coroutines as the main representation of pending computations, and by avoiding closures as handlers by way of reified effects. We show that the performance of libseff is competitive across a range of platforms and benchmarks.

Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Karakter Hindu Dalam Tradisi Ngendar Di Banjar Sekarmukti Desa Pangsan

The cultivation of character values is a very important matter in the development of a child's personality. Religious tradition is one way to teach the process of instilling character values in Hinduism. This is demonstrated by the Ngendar tradition in Sekarmukti Village, Pangsan Village, Badung Regency. The Ngendar tradition carried out by children in the Banjar Sekarmukti area, starts from H-2 Piodalan which is carried out on the day of Buda Umanis wuku Julungwangi or exactly 15 days before Galungan. The research approach is a naturalistic approach that answers research problems that require in-depth understanding and produces conclusions related to the Ngendar Tradition. The Ngendar tradition during the piodalan at Penataran Agung Sekarmukti Temple in Petang Badung Bali carried out by children as a source of learning will encourage the appreciation of character values based on Hindu religious teachings. The cultivation of character values carried out in the Ngendar tradition includes (1) Gratitude (Ktajñatâ), (2) Maintaining Purity and cleanliness (Saucam), (3) Friendship (Maitri), and (4) Care. Broadly speaking, the implementation of this Ngendar tradition has a positive impact on children such as increasing sraddha and bhakti, growing a sense of solidarity and cooperation and creating discipline in children.

Secure and Efficient Authentication using Linkage for permissionless Bitcoin network

The cryptocurrency’s permissionless and large-scale broadcasting requirements prohibit the traditional authentication implementation on the blockchain’s underlying peer-to-peer (P2P) networking. Thus, blockchain networking implementations remain vulnerable to networking integrity threats such as spoofing or hijacking. We design Secure and Efficient Authentication using Linkage (SEAL) to build connection security for permissionless Bitcoin networking. SEAL uses the linkage between the packets for a symmetric operation, in contrast to the traditional authentication approach relying on identity-credential-based trust. To make it appropriate for cryptocurrency networking, SEAL utilizes the packet header, protects the end-to-end connection, and separates the online process and the offline process so that the real-time overhead is minimal for greater efficiency and practicality. We implement SEAL on a functioning Bitcoin node and demonstrate that SEAL operates efficiently with minimal overhead. Specifically, it reduces the hash rate by only 1.3% compared to an unsecured node. Additionally, we use a network simulator to emulate the Bitcoin Mainnet and analyze SEAL’s impact on block propagation delay. SEAL yields 2.04 times smaller delay and 1.25 times smaller delay in block propagation than HMAC and ChaCha20-Poly1305, respectively. The key advantage of SEAL is that it requires fewer hash computations and simpler mixing operations, resulting in significantly lower computational overhead compared to traditional authentication schemes based on message authentication codes (MACs).

Solving Multi-Objective Optimal Control Problems Using a Multiresolution Approach

This paper presents an adaptive multiresolution strategy for multi-objective optimal control problems. The optimal control problem is solved using a direct approach, with individualistic grid adaptation facilitated by a local error analysis at element boundaries. Multiple objectives are considered using a dominance-based approach applying both local and global search methods to a collaborative population of unique solutions. These aspects are simultaneously incorporated via a novel application of evolutionary algorithms for adaptive optimal control problems. Together, this avoids the need for a priori specification of the quantity and temporal location of element boundaries and the set of scalarization weights defining the multi-objective descent directions. Solution fidelity can thus increase concurrently with the exploration of the design space, which leads to increased numerical efficiency while propagating and maintaining population diversity. The benefits of the proposed approach over traditional uniform-grid implementations are demonstrated. Results show that the multiresolution approach is capable of striking an effective balance between solution fidelity, population diversity, and computational cost unachievable using uniform grids.

Hybrid finite element and laplace transform method for efficient numerical solutions of fractional PDEs on graphics processing units

Fractional Partial Differential equations (FPDEs) are essential for modeling complex systems across various scientific and engineering areas. However, efficiently solving FPDEs presents significant computational challenges due to their inherent memory effects, often leading to increased execution times for numerical solutions. This study proposes a highly parallelizable hybrid computational approach that combines the Finite Element Method (FEM) for spatial discretization with Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform (NILT) for time-domain solutions, optimized for execution on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The NILT method’s high parallelizability, stemming from the independence of its series terms, combined with the robust spatial discretization provided by FEM, enables the efficient and accurate solution of FPDEs on GPUs, demonstrating substantial performance improvements over traditional CPU-based implementations. We observe a generalized pattern in execution time behavior that accounts for both the number of nodes and the number of NILT terms. Specifically, execution time scales quadratically with the number of nodes, while showing only a logarithmic marginal increase with the number of NILT terms These behaviors not only enables consistent performance assessment but also highlights potential areas for algorithm optimization. Validation against exact solutions of fractional diffusion and wave equations, employing Caputo, modified Caputo-Fabrizio, and modified Atangana-Baleanu derivatives, demonstrates the accuracy and convergence of the hybrid FEM-NILT method. Notably, the exact solutions of wave equation are novel in literature. The results highlight the method’s potential for enabling high-precision, large-scale simulations in fractional calculus applications, thereby advancing computational capabilities and efficiency in the field.

Engineering Properties of Foxtail Millet Seeds for Development of Planter for Millet Crop

Millets are sown by broadcasting and drilling by traditional implements. By using these tools, seeds were not distributed uniformly, which led to an excess of plants and irregular spacing. Furthermore, if seed is sown in a line rather than a spread pattern, harvesting and threshing activities become more efficient. In keeping the views of above facts, planter for millet seeds was developed. A study was carried out to measure the engineering properties of foxtail millet seeds for development of planter for millet crop. Engineering properties helps in design of machine parameters like type of seed metering mechanism, size of cell and hopper capacity etc. The engineering properties such as mean linear dimensions viz., length, width and thickness are 2.20 mm, 1.23 mm and 1.11 mm respectively. The physical properties like geometrical mean diameter, bulk density and true density of are 1.43 mm, 670.33 kg m-3, 1156.2 kg m-3 respectively. The frictional properties such as angle of repose, co-efficient of internal and external friction are 24.30 degrees, 1.23 and 0.45 degrees respectively. In developing the millet planter, these measured engineering parameters were taken into account.

Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks Utilizing Fine-Grained Fast Fourier Transforms

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are among the most prevalent deep learning techniques employed across various domains. The computational complexity of CNNs is largely attributed to the convolution operations. These operations are computationally demanding and significantly impact overall model performance. Traditional CNN implementations convert convolutions into matrix operations via the im2col (image to column) technique, facilitating parallelization through advanced BLAS libraries. This study identifies and investigates a significant yet intricate pattern of data redundancy within the matrix-based representation of convolutions, a pattern that, while complex, presents opportunities for optimization. Through meticulous analysis of the redundancy inherent in the im2col approach, this paper introduces a mathematically succinct matrix representation for convolution, leading to the development of an optimized FFT-based convolution with finer FFT granularity. Benchmarking demonstrates that our approach achieves an average speedup of 14 times and a maximum speedup of 17 times compared to the regular FFT convolution. Similarly, it outperforms the Im2col+GEMM approach from NVIDIA’s cuDNN library, achieving an average speedup of three times and a maximum speedup of five times. Our FineGrained FFT convolution approach, when integrated into Caffe, a widely used deep learning framework, leads to significant performance gains. Evaluations using synthetic CNNs designed for real-world applications show an average speedup of 1.67 times. Furthermore, a modified VGG network variant achieves a speedup of 1.25 times.

A Mathematical Modelling for Three-Factor Quantum Biometric Authentication Using Machine Learning, Double-Layer Encryption, Cryptographic Algorithms

Traditional authentication mechanisms are vulnerable to sophisticated attacks in the ever-changing cybersecurity paradigms. In this paper, a new three-factor quantum biometric system is proposed that were analysed to increase security level and reduce threats. This model employs multiple strategies, like quantum key distribution, a biometric identification system and machine learning which encrypts data based on their unique properties in an innovative way to provide not only one but two layers of encryption from unauthorized access. The system in its essence combines three critical elements: quantum generated cryptographic keys, biometric data (fingerprint or retinal scans) and dynamic behaviour-based identification using machine learning algorithms. By adding QKD to the hardware, an encryption key that should be practically impossible for anyone else (except sender and receiver) to intercept is securely generated and distributed through quantum mechanics principles of detection preventing possible eavesdropper. Secondly, the biometric data means that an imposter would have to not only steal your smartphone but also be able to authenticate themselves using unique physiology which takes even more of the likelihood out. Machine learning models study user behaviour patterns and work to adapt against evolving threats, gradually improving the accuracy of authentication with time. For added security, the system uses a double-layer encryption routine. The newly proposed system has a two-level encryption, and in the first layer, quantum keys encrypted bio-metric data while classical algorithms are applied to encrypt overall communication as well storage process. Besides ensuring the safety of private biometric information through dual encryption, this added redundancy also allows them to function as extra fail safe so that if one layer is breached, the entire system will still stand uncompromised. We evaluate the implementation of this new authentication scheme to a series-simulations and real-world test, showing the performance in different scenarios including high threat level environments. The results show major security enhancement compared to the traditional implementation of authentication methods with an observed amount decrease in data breaches and unsanctioned access attempts.

ACCULTURATION OF ISLAMIC CULTURE AND LOCAL CULTURE IN DRUMING TRADITION IN PANJANG REGION VILLAGE, KUCHING, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA

This article focuses on the acculturation of Islamic culture and local culture in the Bergendang tradition. The purpose of writing this article is to preserve the traditions that have been carried out by the Rantau Panjang Malay community in order to introduce them to the public. The approach and theoretical framework used in this research is the cultural anthropology approach and acculturation theory with a functional approach. Meanwhile, the methods used are ethnographic methods and phenomenological methods. From this research, it can be found that the background to the emergence of the Drumming tradition in Kampung Rantau Panjang is related to the absence of entertainment in ancient times, encouraging the people to create offerings to fill their free time and provide entertainment. In this case, previous people started the tradition of drumming by tapping on used boards and it produced different sounds and could arouse people's interest in dancing to the sound of used boards being hit. The developments and changes that have occurred have helped the Bergendang tradition continue to be in demand by every level of society. Even though some structures have changed, this traditional entertainment still maintains the elements and rules of the event. Apart from that, Islamic values ​​have become the spirit of various aspects in the implementation of the Bergendang tradition. Then, the majority of the people of Kampung Rantau Panjang responded to the implementation of the Bergendang tradition with a positive response. This can be seen from the enthusiasm of the residents when carrying out this tradition.

Analog In-memory Circuit Design of Polynomial Multiplication for Lattice Cipher Acceleration Application

As the core operation of lattice cipher, large-scale polynomial multiplication is the biggest computational bottleneck in its realization process. How to quickly calculate polynomial multiplication under resource constraints has become an urgent problem to be solved in the hardware implementation of lattice ciphers. Therefore, an analog in-memory circuit for fast polynomial multiplication calculation is proposed. First, an in-memory computing circuit for Discrete Fourier Transform and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform based on memristor array is designed. On this basis, a fully analog circuit that can realize polynomial multiplication in one step is designed. Compared with traditional hardware implementation, the in-memory calculation method used in this article decreases the calculation time of polynomial multiplication to the microsecond level, which greatly improves the speed of lattice cipher encryption and decryption. For the specific examples in this article, PSPICE simulation shows that the average accuracy of the calculation result is above 99.90%.

Balimau Tradition in the Wedding Procession in Nagari Koto Alam, Pangkalan Koto Baru District, Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra Province

This study examines the "Balimau Tradition in the Wedding Procession in Koto Alam Village, Pangkalan Koto Baru District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra Province". The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the balimau tradition in the wedding procession in Koto Alam Village and to describe the meaning of the balimau tradition. The theory used in this study is the symbolic interpretative theory of Clifford Geertz. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. Data collection in this study was carried out using observation, interview, and documentation methods. The data analysis technique in this study uses steps including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this study indicate that the balimau tradition is a bathing tradition carried out by the bride and groom after carrying out the marriage contract, this tradition is carried out during the village barolek event. The implementation of the balimau tradition is to prepare the tools and materials for balimau, the bride and groom are paraded to the river, read prayers, shave the bride's hair, rub the boreh kasai on the bride and groom, rub the bungo kiambai, the bride and groom dive, wash the bride and groom's hair, bathe, use pamanih oil, distribute kotan kuniang, and wash away the remaining materials from the balimau tradition. The meaning contained in the balimau tradition is to cleanse and purify the bride and groom. The tools and materials used in the balimau tradition have meanings that are intended for the good of the bride and groom.

LEGAL STATUS AND CONSEQUENCES OF UNILATERAL DIVORCE: COMPARATIVE STUDIES BETWEEN EGYPT, JORDAN, TUNISIA AND INDONESIA

Unilateral divorce by the husband outside the court requires attention for the protection of affected women and children. This literature study was conducted to find out how the development of traditional family law implementation into modern family law in four countries, namely Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, and Indonesia. This article is classified as literature research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is normative and comparative legal studies. The results of this study showed that there are differences in laws and regulations in the Islamic family law environment in those countries. Divorce that is imposed by the husband is unilaterally recognized as valid in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia, while in Indonesia the wife can appeal or cassation against the divorce. Egypt and Tunisia impose criminal sanctions on husbands who do not meet the obligation to pay their living and home to their ex-wives, while Indonesia and Jordan do not impose any criminal sanctions. Criminal sanctions imposed in Egypt and Tunisia are the payment of a certain number of fines or confinement during a certain time. However, divorce proceedings without reporting to relevant officials in Jordan can be charged with criminal law. Therefore, the best implementation of family law related to unilateral divorce is in Tunisia. The scholarly contribution of this research to family law globally is that it offers the most ideal concept in protecting the often neglected rights of wives and children.

Ngumpul Dingsanak Sebuah Tradisi Pra Pernikahan Di Desa Keban Agung Kecamatan Lawang Kidul Kabupaten Muara Enim

This research is entitled The Value of Local Wisdom in the Pre-Wedding Dingsanak Gathering Tradition in Keban Agung Village, Lawang Kidul District, Muara Enim Regency. This research aims to find out how the process and implementation of the Dingsanak gathering alms tradition and its implementation in Keban Agung Village, Lawang Kidul District, Muara Enim Regency and the values contained in the dingsanak gathering tradition in Keban Agung village, Lawang Kidul subdistrict, Muara Enim district. The results of this research are the history of the dingsanak gathering tradition, local wisdom values in the dingsanak gathering tradition, namely: religious values, mutual cooperation values, harmony values, cultural values, and responsibility values, time and process of implementing the dingsanak gathering tradition, tools and materials to make a typical food gathering dingsanak, the Islamic values contained in the gathering dingsanak tradition are: Aqidah values, worship values and moral values.

Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Culture in Primary School Chinese Curriculum

With the development of society and the acceleration of globalization, the status of traditional culture in modern education has become increasingly important. The primary school stage is crucial for students' cultural cognition and value formation. Therefore, inheriting and innovating traditional culture in the primary school Chinese curriculum is particularly significant. This study analyzes the traditional cultural content and teaching implementation in current primary school Chinese textbooks. It proposes inheritance strategies, including textbook compilation and content optimization, teacher professional development and training, and stimulating students' learning interest. Additionally, it explores innovative approaches such as the application of multimedia technology, interdisciplinary integration, and project-based learning. The research results indicate that systematic inheritance strategies and innovative approaches can effectively enhance students' interest and recognition of traditional culture, promoting their comprehensive language arts development.

An efficient low-delay polyphase implementation method for active noise control systems

When implementing active noise control systems on signal processing hardware, the time delay introduced by electronic components (especially components requiring additional lowpass filters or introducing fixed-sample-size delays) may adversely affect the noise control performance. One common approach to reducing this delay is to use a high sampling rate, but this increases the computation significantly when implementing the ANC filters in real time. In the current work, a polyphase-structure-based filter design method is developed for active noise control systems that can reduce the computation load for real-time filter implementation but do not introduce an additional time delay. Although the computation reduction capability of a polyphase filter structure is well known for multi-rate systems, the traditional use of such multi-rate systems requires additional anti-aliasing and reconstruction filters which introduces an additional time delay. Thus, in delay-sensitive applications, such as active noise control, this method was previously applied only on the filter adaption phase, instead of directly on the real-time filtering process. In this article, a filter decomposition method using the minimum-phase technique is proposed to decompose an ANC filter into two multiplicative causal filters both of which have lowpass frequency response shapes at high frequencies such that the polyphase structure can be applied directly to the two multiplicative causal control filters without introducing additional anti-aliasing and reconstruction filters. Results show that, compared with various traditional low sampling rate implementations, the proposed method can significantly improve the noise control performance. Compared with the non-polyphase high-sampling rate method, the real-time computations that increase with the sampling rate are improved from quadratically to linearly.

Classical sorting algorithms as a model of morphogenesis: Self-sorting arrays reveal unexpected competencies in a minimal model of basal intelligence

The Diverse Intelligence research seeks to understand commonalities in behavioral competencies across a wide range of implementations. Especially interesting are simple systems that provide unexpected examples of memory, decision-making, or problem-solving in substrates that at first glance do not appear to be complex enough to implement such capabilities. We seek to develop tools to determine minimal requirements for such capabilities, and to learn to recognize and predict basal forms of intelligence in unconventional substrates. Here, we apply novel analyses to the behavior of classical sorting algorithms—short pieces of code studied for many decades. To study these sorting algorithms as a model of biological morphogenesis and its competencies, we break two formerly ubiquitous assumptions: top-down control (instead, each element within an array of numbers can exert minimal agency and implement sorting policies from the bottom up), and fully reliable hardware (instead, allowing elements to be “damaged” and fail to execute the algorithm). We quantitatively characterize sorting activity as traversal of a problem space, showing that arrays of autonomous elements sort themselves more reliably and robustly than traditional implementations in the presence of errors. Moreover, we find the ability to temporarily reduce progress in order to navigate around a defect, and unexpected clustering behavior among elements in chimeric arrays consisting of two different algorithms. The discovery of emergent problem-solving capacities in simple, familiar algorithms contributes a new perspective showing how basal forms of intelligence can emerge in simple systems without being explicitly encoded in their underlying mechanics.

Unravelling stakeholder narratives on nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction

Despite growing scholarly consensus on the need for nature-based solutions (NBS) as holistic and sustainable alternatives to traditional engineering solutions, stakeholder acceptance and implementation of NBS remain low. This study investigates stakeholder narratives on implementing nature-based solutions (NBS) for mitigating hydro-meteorological risks across five European river basin sites in Eastern and Central Europe. Utilising the Q-methodology and narrative analysis, we identified three ideal–typical narratives: idealist, reformist, and sceptic—each providing distinct perspectives on evidence-based policy formation and NBS integration. Our results demonstrate that: (1) idealists’ optimistic outlook risks overlooking critical engagement with implementation challenges; (2) neglecting sceptic concerns may impede NBS adoption and invite accusations of green-washing, and (3) reformists promote evidence-based approaches and transparent stakeholder engagement to bridge narrative divides. The study underscores the importance of identifying shared values, stakeholder collaboration, and a nuanced understanding of contextual factors in fostering NBS implementation. The study contributes to a practical framework aligning NBS projects with prevailing narratives, offering guidance for navigating the complex landscape of NBS implementation. Future research should prioritize in-depth analysis of agent perspectives, place-specific influences on narratives, and the application of narrative analysis to other emerging technologies and environmental topics (e.g. circular economy), deepening our understanding of the socio-political dynamics shaping the acceptance and implementation of sustainable solutions.