Implementation Of System Research Articles

Continuous Wave Ultrasound Testing Techniques

Currently, the primary method employed for ultrasound inspection is based on sending and detecting ultrasound pulses. Typically, pulse-based methods are essentially time-domain back-reflection methods, and the time-of-flight is the main measured parameter. Recently, continuous-wave methods have been developed in the radar and the fiber-optics fields, which demonstrate significantly better spatial resolution, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and ability to detect reflecting objects at very short distances. It is proposed to use the same approach to develop continuous-wave ultrasound inspection systems. The two main differences between the proposed continuous-wave ultrasonic testing and the classical pulsed ultrasound inspection method are: (i) in the continuous-wave ultrasonic testing method, the transmitted and received signals overlap in the time domain, while in the pulsed ultrasound inspection method the transmitted and received signals are separated in the time; and (ii) in the pulsed ultrasound inspection method the most important parameter is the time delay between the transmitted and received signals, while in the continuous-wave ultrasonic testing method the most informative parameters are the frequency and phase changes in the received signal in respect to modulated transmitted signal. This allows for additional flexibility in the continuous-wave ultrasonic measurements, through control of the frequency modulation. Also, the continuous-wave ultrasonic method potentially offers improved detection range and resolution; improved signal-to-noise ratio due to better energy efficiency and easier filtering; and reduced requirements on the voltage applied to the transducer, which in turn allows the use of simplified low-cost electronics. The theoretical basis of several continuous-wave ultrasound inspection technique is explained, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Implementation of several prototype continuous-wave ultrasound testing systems is presented. Examples of the use of the systems for non-destructive testing are described.

Password based Smart Doorlock System using Arduino UNO for Enhanced Security

In recent years, the demand for secure access systems has increased significantly, especially in residential and commercial areas. Hence, this presents the design and implementation of a password-based door lock system using an Arduino microcontroller and a servo motor. The system provides a cost-effective and reliable solution for managing access to physical sites. The proposed system uses an Arduino microcontroller as the central device to control the authentication process and to control the servo motor that operates the door locking mechanism. A matrix keyboard is used to enter the password, which provides a user-friendly interface for communication. The servo motor is responsible for physically locking and unlocking the door mechanism based on the authentication result. The operational workflow of the system requires the user to enter a predetermined password using a keyboard. The Arduino microcontroller compares the entered password with the password stored in its memory. After successful authentication, a servo motor is operated to open the door, allowing access to the authorized person. Conversely, failed authentication will result in access being denied.

Enhancing deadwood reporting for forest ecosystems: Bridge equations to convert deadwood measured at any diameter threshold to reference diameters

National as well as international requirements have led to an increased need to quantify deadwood stocks in forest ecosystems given their important role not only in terms of carbon storage and regulation of the carbon cycle but also as biodiversity refugia. However, differences in definitions and field monitoring as well as gaps in existing data on deadwood mean that comparisons among countries and retrospective analyses are difficult. In this research, we propose two potential approaches to solve the most common gaps in forest deadwood monitoring. First, we develop bridging functions capable of converting deadwood measurements with a specific reference diameter to 7.5 cm (minimum diameter value in Spain) and 10.0 cm (the most common minimum value for international statistics) diameters for the main forest types while also addressing the effect of raising the minimum measurable size on the quantification of deadwood. Furthermore, we aim to calculate the ratios between the amount of standing deadwood, the most common indicator monitored in National Forest Inventories, and the entire deadwood pool as a proxy for estimating complete deadwood stocks when data are not available. For this objective, we use information obtained from the Spanish National Forest Inventory, linear models and 10-fold cross-validation. We estimate the percentage of deadwood omitted when the minimum deadwood size is increased for the main eight forest types in Spain as well as for the entire country, using two different approaches. The ratio between the amount of standing deadwood and the entire deadwood pool ranged between 0.14 and 0.45 depending on the forest type. The lowest values of this ratio were found in Open woodlands and the largest in Mediterranean conifers. The validation statistics (R2 ranging from 0.82 in Evergreen broadleaves to 0.97 in Macaronesian broadleaves) indicate that the bridging functions we propose are robust and accurate. However, the ratios between the amount of standing deadwood and the entire deadwood pool performed poorer (R2 ranging from 0.26 in Macaronesian conifers to 0.65 in Macaronesian broadleaves) and led to an overestimation of the total stocks. Our results are of value not only for the purposes of comparison and harmonization but also for the implementation of new forest monitoring systems.

The Distribution of Schools Not Served by BRT Trans Semarang in Semarang City

For developing countries, the implementation of sustainable transportation systems is crucial to involve substantial investments. Mobility in Indonesia can have an impact on both origin and destination areas. This research aims to determine the distribution of schools that are not served in the city of Semarang. Consequently, an identification can be made to formulate a recommendation for the development of operational routes for the BRT Trans Semarang to enhance connectivity between other transportation modes on routes with high demand. The research method used is Archive or Literature Analysis, conducting surveys and observations, and data collection through interviews and Focus Group Discussion. It is known that there are a number of schools that are not served in 16 districts of the city of Semarang, namely Semarang West (51), Semarang South (25), Semarang Central (41), Semarang East (36), Semarang North (40), Banyumanik (49), Tembalang (36), Gunung Pati (16), Pedurungan (50), Gajah Mungkur (31), Mijen (26), Candisari (21), Tugu (14), Gayamsari (25), Ngaliyan (27), and Genuk (29). Feeder Route 3 is popular but has limited capacity. 79.20% of respondents support extending BRT routes to their schools.

Design of actuator motor acceleration model in dual axis tracker movement for stand-alone PV system

Stand-alone photovoltaic system or PV is a power generation technology with potential that is environmentally friendly and also one of the solutions for saving high electricity rates today. However, problems that often occur due to weather fluctuations that are always changing, especially North Sumatra, Indonesia result in the conversion produced by solar cells not being optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to do a new model with a dual tracker system and the development of accelerator motor actuators so that the resulting energy conversion is more optimal. The result of optimizing the reliability of the polycrystalline type solar panel which is designed with an additional photovoltaic tracker system to maximize the conversion of solar energy to solar panels is to obtain an output power of 303.72 volts DC and 267.52 volts DC in the position where the tracker is not used. Then the percentage increase in energy reached 29.80%. Dual axis tracker technology is able to maximize energy conversion in improving PV usage performance. The implementation of a stand-alone PV system will be beneficial if the installation is in Indonesian territory, especially in disadvantaged, frontier and outermost areas.

A review of the state of art and prospects in energy storage systems for energy harvesting applications

Due to the increasing trend in worldwide energy consumption, many new energy technology systems have emerged in the past decades. The implementation of energy storage system (ESS) technology in energy harvesting systems is significant to achieve flexibility and reliability in fulfilling the load demands. In this paper, several types of energy storage technologies available in the market are discussed to view their benefits and drawbacks. The main aim of this review is to provide a platform for readers especially those who seek to know more about ESS at a glance, to decide which ESS technology is best suited for any specific applications. This review would serve as a base for the initial state to make the right decision by referring to the criterias and characteristics of energy resources to get the optimal ESS technology. A comprehensive comparison among the various types of ESS technologies is outlined and elaborated to provide a better and clearer picture to the readers. Last but not least, the relevant recommendations and alternative choices for services related to the harvesting of solar PV energy are described too. It is hoped that the findings of this review article may be helpful to all readers interested in ESS technology.

Investigation of bidirectional three-phase four-leg converter with LCL filter

A three-phase four-leg bidirectional power converter used as an input stage of an energy storage system using the inductance (L), capacitance (C), and inductance (L) or LCL filter on the grid side is considered. The article provides a variant of the three-phase four-leg bidirectional converter control system implementation based on 3D space vector pulse-width modulation and per-phase voltage control. A brief analysis of the applied control algorithms of the three-phase four-leg bidirectional converter in inverter and rectifier modes is given. A computer model has been built to investigate the operating modes of the converters of the designated class with both balanced and unbalanced load. Studies were carried out by computer modeling methods in order to optimize the parameters of the LCL filter on the grid side with bidirectional energy exchange. Optimal LCL filter parameters and modulation frequencies are determined for the developed converter, providing acceptable quality indicators when operating in bidirectional mode.

A Study on E-Payment Applications used by Online Customers

Abstract: Mobile payment apps, being digital in nature, facilitate convenient transactions and money transfers. Customers derived advantages from the implementation of various payment systems. Several e-payment applications, including Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm, and others, are utilized for UPI transactions. In recent years, there have been a lot more payment choices on the local market. This has led to a huge rise in the number of people using Internet-based payment apps. These payment apps create significant value and satisfaction. This study examines both the utilization and satisfaction of online customers utilizing payment applications. This study employs a descriptive research approach, utilizing a sample size of 100 customers to collect data from primary sources. In order to achieve this objective, sophisticated techniques like simple percentage analysis are utilised. The process of analysing and interpreting data is visually represented through the use of graphs and pie charts.

IoT Based Transformer Monitoring System using ESP-32

Abstract: The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with power transformer monitoring systems presents a significant advancement in electrical grid management. This paper explores the development of an IoT-based transformer monitoring system utilizing the ESP-32 microcontroller. The primary objective is to enhance the reliability and efficiency of transformers by providing real-time data on their operational status and health. The system leverages the ESP-32's capabilities in wireless communication and data processing to monitor critical parameters such as temperature, load current, voltage, and oil levels. Data is transmitted to a centralized cloud platform for analysis and visualization, enabling predictive maintenance and rapid response to potential failures. The proposed system promises to reduce downtime and maintenance costs while ensuring the longevity and optimal performance of transformers. This research highlights the design, implementation, and testing phases of the monitoring system, demonstrating its effectiveness through various case studies and field trials.

Student Result Analysis and Management

Abstract: Student result analysis and management (SRAM) gives a straightforward interface to support student data. It might be utilised by instructive universities or colleges to keep up the records of students effectively. Student information system manages all sorts of student details, academic related reports results, batch details, and other resource related details too. An effective result analysis system plays a pivotal role in facilitating efficient management of student data and performance assessment. Institutions staff and administrators need to manage students’ information and academic records. For staff by offering analysis, streamlined administrative tasks and efficient records management. For students, it provides easy access to their academic performance and results metrics. This abstract delineates the design and implementation of a robust result analysis system, encompassing a PHP-based backend. The system caters to the needs of teachers, students, and administrators, offering functionalities tailored to each user category. Ultimately, the deployment of the result analysis system on a web server caters to the needs of educational institutions, facilitating efficient management of student data and fostering a conducive environment for academic assessment and improvement

IOT Based Food Minitoring System

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technology with wide-ranging applications, and one of its promising domains is in the field of food monitoring systems. This abstract introduces an innovative IoT-based Food Monitoring System designed to enhance food quality assurance and reduce waste in the supply chain. The proposed system integrates various IoT components, including sensors, actuators, and communication devices, to create a comprehensive solution for monitoring the entire lifecycle of food products. Key objectives of the system include real-time tracking of food conditions, ensuring compliance with quality standards, and minimizing the environmental impact associated with food waste. The implementation of this IoT-based Food Monitoring System offers several benefits, including improved food quality, reduced waste, increased operational efficiency, and enhanced consumer satisfaction. By leveraging the capabilities of IoT, this system addresses the challenges associated with maintaining food quality and safety while contributing to the overall sustainability of the food industry

ARcademy: Augmented Reality Adventures in Education

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) technology holds enormous promise for transforming education by enabling interactive and immersive learning experiences. This research article provides an AR application built to highlight the different possibilities of AR in educational contexts. The program incorporates different interactive aspects, including a virtual dragon, as a showcase of the adaptability and potential of AR for boosting learning experiences. Users can connect with the virtual dragon and explore its interactions within the real-world setting, showing the seamless integration of digital material into physical spaces. Through a user-centered design approach, our team has built an easy and engaging AR experience geared at promoting curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking skills among learners. By exploiting the unique affordances of AR technology, educators can develop dynamic learning environments that cater to varied learning styles and interests. This study assesses the effectiveness of the AR application in encouraging active learning and boosting student engagement across diverse educational environments. It also investigates practical aspects such as usability, accessibility, and scalability to influence future innovations and implementations of AR-based teaching systems. By giving a real example of AR integration in education, our research contributes to the continuing discourse on the transformative potential of AR technology. It emphasizes the necessity of developing creative techniques to harness AR for interactive and personalized learning experiences in the digital age.

Design and Implementation of Water PH Level and Turbidity Monitoring System

Abstract: Building collapses have become a distressing and recurring issue in Nigeria, necessitating urgent action to mitigate their occurrence. This paper introduces an innovative approach to address this challenge by developing an Automated Structural Health Monitoring System (ASHMS) utilizing a mobile app. Focusing on major cities like Lagos and Abuja, the proposed system employs strategically placed sensors to gather data from various structural elements of buildings. The collected information, encompassing seismic activity, vibrations, bending moments, shear forces, and other key parameters, is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud where it can then be accessed and visualized using mobile app. The system offers real-time insights into the structural integrity of buildings and provides early warnings, thereby contributing significantly to reducing the risk of building collapses. Key findings show that when incorporated into an automated Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system, the user's mobile app offers essential structural insights, capturing values such as a 0.5-unit vibration level, 20 units of shear force, 50 units of bending moment, and an 89-degree vertical wall angle. The app's userfriendly interface improves the effectiveness of monitoring and overseeing structural health, in line with the overarching objective of promoting safety in construction practices

Blood Link

Abstract: In the face of medical emergencies, the rapid and reliable delivery of blood to hospitals can be a matter of life and death. This project presents "BloodLink," a comprehensive solution that leverages modern web technologies and drone delivery systems to streamline the blood supply chain between blood banks and hospitals. The front-end of the system is developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, ensuring a user-friendly interface for hospital staff to post blood group requirements. The backend is powered by the Flask framework of Python, facilitating robust and scalable server-side operations. Utilizing the Google Maps API, our platform dynamically identifies and displays the nearest blood banks in response to hospital requests, ensuring timely and accurate information. For critical situations requiring immediate action, we have integrated an innovative drone delivery system designed to expedite the transportation of blood to the requesting hospitals. The software development phase of the project is complete, and efforts are currently focused on the practical design and implementation of the drone system. This paper details the architecture, development process, and potential impact of "BloodLink" in revolutionizing emergency blood delivery and hospital blood bank coordination.

Designing IDS to Analyze Malicious Attacks using Machine Learning

Abstract: This study presents a novel approach to enhance network security through the design and implementation of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) employing machine learning (ML) techniques. The primary aim is to address current challenges in real-time threat detection by seamlessly integrating ML models, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost. The research tackles drawbacks in existing systems, emphasizing the struggle with real-time threat detection, the complexity of ML integration. The working model classifies incoming requests as normal or intrusions, categorizing the latter into DDoS, R2L, U2R, or Probing attacks. Leveraging insights from four referenced papers, this study builds on efficient activation functions, optimized feature selection, and empirical analyses of ML models for adaptive network intrusion detection. Results showcase promising comparisons between ML algorithms which include Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XG Boost

Enhancing Event Attendance Tracking System with Stranger Detection and Alerting Mechanism

Abstract: This paper presents the development and implementation of an innovative attendance tracking system coupled with a stranger detection and alerting mechanism for event venues. The proposed system utilizes a combination of frontend development in PHP, backend development using Python for facial recognition, and hardware integration for stranger detection using ESP8266 module, LED lighting, and buzzer. By seamlessly integrating these technologies, the system not only accurately records attendee presence but also alerts event organizers in real-time in case of unrecognized individuals, enhancing security measures and attendee safety.

Health monitoring system using ECG and PPG techniques

The demand for portable health monitoring systems has grown rapidly in recent years due to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and the need for continuous health monitoring. This article introduces the development and implementation of a portable health monitoring system using photo plethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) technologies. The system integrates the Node MCU ESP8266 microcontroller, AD8232 ECG sensor, and MAX30100 sensor to measure vital signs such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation level. The proposed system provides a cost-effective and efficient solution for real-time health monitoring, enabling early detection of abnormalities and timely intervention. The feasibility and performance of the system were proven through experimental tests.

Blockchain-based e-voting systems: Enhancing security, transparency and trust

Electronic voting (e-voting) systems have garnered significant interest due to their potential to streamline the voting process, increase accessibility, and improve overall efficiency in electoral processes. However, traditional e-voting systems often face challenges related to security, transparency, and trustworthiness. In response to these challenges, blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution, offering inherent features such as immutability, transparency, and decentralization. This paper explores the implementation of a blockchain-based e-voting system, discussing its architecture, functionalities, and the potential benefits it offers in enhancing trust, security, and transparency in electoral processes.

Vulnerability of the Infrastructure: Risk Management and Implementation of the Information Systems

This article focuses on a comprehensive view of the connection between infrastructure, risks, and Geographic Information System (GIS). In the context of the current era, where critical infrastructure faces various threats and risks, it is essential to explore new methods and technologies that enable better identification, assessment, and management of these challenges. The first part of the article analyzes the current state of critical infrastructure and its connection to risks. Understanding how various threats, from natural disasters to cyber-attacks, affect infrastructure elements is crucial for effective protection and resilience. The second part examines the benefits and uses of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the context of risk assessment and management of critical infrastructure. GIS provides tools for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data, improving the ability to identify key risk areas and their interconnections. The results of this paper demonstrate how effectively linking these elements can enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure to various hazards.Overall, this article provides an overview of current trends in connecting infrastructure, risks, and Information Systems, emphasizing the importance of this comprehensive approach to ensuring the security and sustainability of critical infrastructure.

Discrete-Time Impedance Control for Dynamic Response Regulation of Parallel Soft Robots

Accurately controlling the dynamic response and suppression of undesirable dynamics such as overshoots and vibrations is a vital requirement for soft robots operating in industrial environments. Pneumatically actuated soft robots usually undergo large overshoots and significant vibrations when deactuated because of their highly flexible bodies. These large vibrations not only decrease the reliability and accuracy of the soft robot but also introduce undesirable characteristics in the system. For example, it increases the settling time and damages the body of the soft robot, compromising its structural integrity. The dynamic behavior of the soft robots on deactuation needs to be accurately controlled to increase their utility in real-world applications. The literature on pneumatic soft robots still does not sufficiently address the issue of suppressing undesirable vibrations. To address this issue, we propose the use of impedance control to regulate the dynamic response of pneumatic soft robots since the superiority of impedance control is already established for rigid robots. The soft robots are highly nonlinear systems; therefore, we formulated a nonlinear discrete sliding mode impedance controller to control the pneumatic soft robots. The formulation of the controller in discrete-time allows efficient implementation for a high-order system model without the need for state-observers. The simplification and efficiency of the proposed controller enable fast implementation of an embedded system. Unlike other works on pneumatic soft robots, the proposed controller does not require manual tuning of the controller parameters and automatically calculates the parameters based on the impedance value. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller, we used a 6-chambered parallel soft robot as an experimental platform. We presented the comparative results with an existing state-of-the-art controller in SMC control of pneumatic soft robots. The experiment results indicate that the proposed controller can effectively limit the amplitude of the undesirable vibrations.